Skip to content
PoliticalRepoPoliticalRepo

European Union · Bill · COD

2017/0224(COD)

Establishing a framework for screening of foreign direct investments into the European Union

adoptedEuropean Union· European Parliament· EN

Introduced

26 October 2017

Last action

21 March 2019 · publication official journal

Status

PLENARY_ADOPT_POSITION

Sponsors

—

Subjects

Discovery layer

Source updated

21 March 2019

Official titles

Authentic titles published by the source. The stored canonical title is not replaced.

22 official languages
  • Bulgarian

    Създаване на рамка за скрининг на преките чуждестранни инвестиции в Европейския съюз

  • Czech

    Zřízení rámce pro kontrolu přímých zahraničních investic do Evropské unie

  • Danish

    Indførelse af regler for screening af udenlandske direkte investeringer i EU

  • German

    Schaffung eines Rahmens für die Überprüfung ausländischer Direktinvestitionen in der Europäischen Union

  • Greek

    Θέσπιση πλαισίου για τον έλεγχο των άμεσων ξένων επενδύσεων στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση

  • Spanish

    Establecimiento de un marco para el control de las inversiones extranjeras directas en la Unión Europea

  • Estonian

    Euroopa Liitu tehtavate välismaiste otseinvesteeringute taustauuringute raamistiku loomine

  • Finnish

    Puitteiden luominen Euroopan unioniin tehtävien suorien ulkomaisten investointien seurannalle

  • French

    Mise en place d'un cadre pour le filtrage des investissements directs étrangers dans l'Union européenne

  • Croatian

    Uspostava okvira za provjeru izravnih stranih ulaganja u Europskoj uniji

  • Hungarian

    Az Európai Unióba irányuló közvetlen külföldi befektetések átvilágítási keretének létrehozása

  • Italian

    Istituzione di un quadro per il controllo degli investimenti esteri diretti nell'Unione europea

  • Lithuanian

    Tiesioginių užsienio investicijų į Europos Sąjungą tikrinimo sistemos nustatymas

  • Latvian

    Satvara izveide ārvalstu tiešo ieguldījumu Eiropas Savienībā izvērtēšanai

  • Maltese

    L-istabbiliment ta' qafas għall-iskrinjar tal-investimenti diretti barranin fl-Unjoni Ewropea

  • Dutch

    Vaststelling van een kader voor de screening van buitenlandse directe investeringen in de Europese Unie

  • Polish

    Ustanowienie ram monitorowania bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych w Unii Europejskiej

  • Portuguese

    Estabelecimento de um quadro para a análise dos investimentos estrangeiros diretos na União Europeia

  • Romanian

    Instituirea unui cadru pentru controlul investițiilor străine directe în Uniunea Europeană

  • Slovak

    Stanovenie rámca na preverovanie priamych zahraničných investícií do Európskej únie

  • Slovenian

    Vzpostavitev okvira za pregled neposrednih tujih naložb v Evropski uniji

  • Swedish

    Upprättande av en ram för granskning av utländska direktinvesteringar i Europeiska unionen

Records

Official bill 2017/0224(COD) from European Union at European Parliament. Dated 26 October 2017. Status: PLENARY_ADOPT_POSITION.

Timeline

  1. 26 October 2017

    referral

    Source: REFERRAL

  2. 26 October 2017

    Introduced

    Establishing a framework for screening of foreign direct investments into the European Union

    Source: COD

  3. 13 June 2018

    plenary endorse committee interinstitutional negotiations

    Source: PLENARY_ENDORSE_COMMITTEE_INTERINSTITUTIONAL_NEGOTIATIONS

  4. 14 February 2019

    Vote results

    Source: PLENARY_VOTE_RESULTS

  5. 14 February 2019

    Position adopted

    Source: PLENARY_ADOPT_POSITION

  6. 19 March 2019

    signature

    Source: SIGNATURE

  7. 21 March 2019

    publication official journal

    Source: PUBLICATION_OFFICIAL_JOURNAL

Votes

No vote records are attached yet.

Versions

No version snapshots stored. Document URLs remain at the source.

Documents

143 official files

PRANEŠIMAS dėl pasiūlymo dėl Europos Parlamento ir Tarybos reglamento, kuriuo nustatoma tiesioginių užsienio investicijų į Europos Sąjungą tikrinimo sistema

Download file

This file cannot be previewed here. Use View or Download.

Reading translation

Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • PRANEŠIMAS dėl pasiūlymo dėl Europos Parlamento ir Tarybos reglamento, kuriuo nustatoma tiesioginių užsienio investicijų į Europos Sąjungą tikrinimo sistema

    REPORT_PLENARY · LT · 19 June 2018

    DownloadOpen at official source

  • JELENTÉS az Európai Unióba irányuló közvetlen külföldi befektetések átvilágítási keretének létrehozásáról szóló európai parlamenti és tanácsi rendeletre irányuló javaslatról

    REPORT_PLENARY · HU · 19 June 2018

    DownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • JELENTÉS az Európai Unióba irányuló közvetlen külföldi befektetések átvilágítási keretének létrehozásáról szóló európai parlamenti és tanácsi rendeletre irányuló javaslatról

    REPORT_PLENARY · HU · 19 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • JELENTÉS az Európai Unióba irányuló közvetlen külföldi befektetések átvilágítási keretének létrehozásáról szóló európai parlamenti és tanácsi rendeletre irányuló javaslatról

    REPORT_PLENARY · HU · 19 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • BETÄNKANDE om förslaget till Europaparlamentets och rådets förordning om upprättande av en ram för granskning av utländska direktinvesteringar i Europeiska unionen

    REPORT_PLENARY · SV · 19 June 2018

    DownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • BETÄNKANDE om förslaget till Europaparlamentets och rådets förordning om upprättande av en ram för granskning av utländska direktinvesteringar i Europeiska unionen

    REPORT_PLENARY · SV · 19 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • BETÄNKANDE om förslaget till Europaparlamentets och rådets förordning om upprättande av en ram för granskning av utländska direktinvesteringar i Europeiska unionen

    REPORT_PLENARY · SV · 19 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • RELAZIONE sulla proposta di regolamento del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio che istituisce un quadro per il controllo degli investimenti esteri diretti nell'Unione europea

    REPORT_PLENARY · IT · 19 June 2018

    DownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • RELAZIONE sulla proposta di regolamento del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio che istituisce un quadro per il controllo degli investimenti esteri diretti nell'Unione europea

    REPORT_PLENARY · IT · 19 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • RELAZIONE sulla proposta di regolamento del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio che istituisce un quadro per il controllo degli investimenti esteri diretti nell'Unione europea

    REPORT_PLENARY · IT · 19 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • RAPORT referitor la propunerea de regulament al Parlamentului European și al Consiliului de stabilire a unui cadru pentru examinarea investițiilor străine directe în Uniunea Europeană

    REPORT_PLENARY · RO · 19 June 2018

    DownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • RAPORT referitor la propunerea de regulament al Parlamentului European și al Consiliului de stabilire a unui cadru pentru examinarea investițiilor străine directe în Uniunea Europeană

    REPORT_PLENARY · RO · 19 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • RAPORT referitor la propunerea de regulament al Parlamentului European și al Consiliului de stabilire a unui cadru pentru examinarea investițiilor străine directe în Uniunea Europeană

    REPORT_PLENARY · RO · 19 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • IZVJEŠĆE o Prijedlogu uredbe Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća o uspostavi okvira za provjeru izravnih stranih ulaganja u Europskoj uniji

    REPORT_PLENARY · HR · 19 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • IZVJEŠĆE o Prijedlogu uredbe Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća o uspostavi okvira za provjeru izravnih stranih ulaganja u Europskoj uniji

    REPORT_PLENARY · HR · 19 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • IZVJEŠĆE o Prijedlogu uredbe Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća o uspostavi okvira za provjeru izravnih stranih ulaganja u Europskoj uniji

    REPORT_PLENARY · HR · 19 June 2018

    DownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • SPRÁVA o návrhu nariadenia Európskeho parlamentu a Rady, ktorým sa stanovuje rámec na preverovanie priamych zahraničných investícií do Európskej únie

    REPORT_PLENARY · SK · 19 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • SPRÁVA o návrhu nariadenia Európskeho parlamentu a Rady, ktorým sa stanovuje rámec na preverovanie priamych zahraničných investícií do Európskej únie

    REPORT_PLENARY · SK · 19 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • SPRÁVA o návrhu nariadenia Európskeho parlamentu a Rady, ktorým sa stanovuje rámec na preverovanie priamych zahraničných investícií do Európskej únie

    REPORT_PLENARY · SK · 19 June 2018

    DownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • BERICHT über den Vorschlag für eine Verordnung des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates zur Schaffung eines Rahmens für die Überprüfung ausländischer Direktinvestitionen in der Europäischen Union

    REPORT_PLENARY · DE · 19 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • BERICHT über den Vorschlag für eine Verordnung des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates zur Schaffung eines Rahmens für die Überprüfung ausländischer Direktinvestitionen in der Europäischen Union

    REPORT_PLENARY · DE · 19 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • BERICHT über den Vorschlag für eine Verordnung des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates zur Schaffung eines Rahmens für die Überprüfung ausländischer Direktinvestitionen in der Europäischen Union

    REPORT_PLENARY · DE · 19 June 2018

    DownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • ZPRÁVA o návrhu nařízení Evropského parlamentu a Rady, kterým se stanoví rámec pro prověřování přímých zahraničních investic do Evropské unie

    REPORT_PLENARY · CS · 19 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • ZPRÁVA o návrhu nařízení Evropského parlamentu a Rady, kterým se stanoví rámec pro prověřování přímých zahraničních investic do Evropské unie

    REPORT_PLENARY · CS · 19 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • ZPRÁVA o návrhu nařízení Evropského parlamentu a Rady, kterým se stanoví rámec pro prověřování přímých zahraničních investic do Evropské unie

    REPORT_PLENARY · CS · 19 June 2018

    DownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • INFORME sobre la propuesta de Reglamento del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo por el que se establece un marco para el control de las inversiones extranjeras directas en la Unión Europea

    REPORT_PLENARY · ES · 19 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • INFORME sobre la propuesta de Reglamento del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo por el que se establece un marco para el control de las inversiones extranjeras directas en la Unión Europea

    REPORT_PLENARY · ES · 19 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • INFORME sobre la propuesta de Reglamento del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo por el que se establece un marco para el control de las inversiones extranjeras directas en la Unión Europea

    REPORT_PLENARY · ES · 19 June 2018

    DownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • RAPORT ettepaneku kohta võtta vastu Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu määrus, millega luuakse Euroopa Liitu tehtavate välismaiste otseinvesteeringute taustauuringute raamistik

    REPORT_PLENARY · ET · 19 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • RAPORT ettepaneku kohta võtta vastu Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu määrus, millega luuakse Euroopa Liitu tehtavate välismaiste otseinvesteeringute taustauuringute raamistik

    REPORT_PLENARY · ET · 19 June 2018

    DownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • RAPORT ettepaneku kohta võtta vastu Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu määrus, millega luuakse Euroopa Liitu tehtavate välismaiste otseinvesteeringute taustauuringute raamistik

    REPORT_PLENARY · ET · 19 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • RELATÓRIO sobre a proposta de regulamento do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho que estabelece um quadro para a análise de investimentos diretos estrangeiros na União Europeia

    REPORT_PLENARY · PT · 15 June 2018

    DownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • RELATÓRIO sobre a proposta de regulamento do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho que estabelece um quadro para a análise de investimentos diretos estrangeiros na União Europeia

    REPORT_PLENARY · PT · 15 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • RELATÓRIO sobre a proposta de regulamento do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho que estabelece um quadro para a análise de investimentos diretos estrangeiros na União Europeia

    REPORT_PLENARY · PT · 15 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • ΕΚΘΕΣΗ σχετικά με την πρόταση κανονισμού του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου και του Συμβουλίου για τη θέσπιση πλαισίου για τον έλεγχο των άμεσων ξένων επενδύσεων στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση

    REPORT_PLENARY · EL · 15 June 2018

    DownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • ΕΚΘΕΣΗ σχετικά με την πρόταση κανονισμού του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου και του Συμβουλίου για τη θέσπιση πλαισίου για τον έλεγχο των άμεσων ξένων επενδύσεων στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση

    REPORT_PLENARY · EL · 15 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • ΕΚΘΕΣΗ σχετικά με την πρόταση κανονισμού του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου και του Συμβουλίου για τη θέσπιση πλαισίου για τον έλεγχο των άμεσων ξένων επενδύσεων στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση

    REPORT_PLENARY · EL · 15 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • VERSLAG over het voorstel voor een verordening van het Europees Parlement en de Raad tot vaststelling van een kader voor de screening van buitenlandse directe investeringen in de Europese Unie

    REPORT_PLENARY · NL · 13 June 2018

    DownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • VERSLAG over het voorstel voor een verordening van het Europees Parlement en de Raad tot vaststelling van een kader voor de screening van buitenlandse directe investeringen in de Europese Unie

    REPORT_PLENARY · NL · 13 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • VERSLAG over het voorstel voor een verordening van het Europees Parlement en de Raad tot vaststelling van een kader voor de screening van buitenlandse directe investeringen in de Europese Unie

    REPORT_PLENARY · NL · 13 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Reading translation

    Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.

    On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.

  • REPORT on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for screening of foreign direct investments into the European Union

    REPORT_PLENARY · EN · 8 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Leesvertaling

    Vertaal dit document naar jouw taal. PoliticalRepo bewaart geen aparte kopie per EU-taal.

    Documentvertaling op verzoek met downloadbare PDF (logo + link naar de officiële bron). Het bronbestand blijft leidend.

  • REPORT on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for screening of foreign direct investments into the European Union

    REPORT_PLENARY · EN · 8 June 2018

    ViewDownloadOpen at official source

    Leesvertaling

    Vertaal dit document naar jouw taal. PoliticalRepo bewaart geen aparte kopie per EU-taal.

    Documentvertaling op verzoek met downloadbare PDF (logo + link naar de officiële bron). Het bronbestand blijft leidend.

  • REPORT on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for screening of foreign direct investments into the European Union

    REPORT_PLENARY · EN · 8 June 2018

    DownloadOpen at official source

    Leesvertaling

    Vertaal dit document naar jouw taal. PoliticalRepo bewaart geen aparte kopie per EU-taal.

    Documentvertaling op verzoek met downloadbare PDF (logo + link naar de officiële bron). Het bronbestand blijft leidend.

PreviousDocuments page 3 of 3

Sponsors

No sponsors or actors listed by the source.

Related records

No cross-record relationships stored yet.

Sources

PoliticalRepo is an index and interpretation layer, not the authoritative legal source.