European Union · Report · INI
2012/2095(INI)
The role of the Common Security and Defence Policy in case of climate driven crises and natural disaster
Introduced
24 May 2012
Last action
22 November 2012 · Vote results
Status
PLENARY_VOTE
Sponsors
—
Subjects
Defence, Climate
Source updated
22 November 2012
Official titles
Authentic titles published by the source. The stored canonical title is not replaced.
21 official languages
Bulgarian
Ролята на общата политика за сигурност и отбрана при обусловени от климата кризи и при природни бедствия
Czech
Úloha společné bezpečnostní a obranné politiky v případě krizí souvisejících s klimatem a přírodních katastrof
Danish
Den fælles sikkerheds- og forsvarspolitiks rolle i tilfælde af kriser forårsaget af klimaet samt naturkatastrofer
German
Die Rolle der Gemeinsamen Sicherheits- und Verteidigungsstrategie im Fall von klimabedingten Krisen und Naturkatastrophen
Greek
Ο ρόλος της Κοινής Πολιτικής Aσφάλειας και Άμυνας στις περιπτώσεις κρίσεων που συνδέονται με το κλίμα και φυσικών καταστροφών
Spanish
La función de la Política Exterior de Seguridad y Defensa en caso de crisis provocadas por el clima y de catástrofes naturales
Estonian
Ühise julgeoleku- ja kaitsepoliitika roll kliimaga seotud kriiside ja loodusõnnetuste puhul
Finnish
Yhteisen turvallisuus- ja puolustuspolitiikan rooli ilmastoon liittyvissä kriiseissä ja luonnonkatastrofeissa
French
Le rôle de la politique de sécurité et de défense commune en cas de crises climatiques et de catastrophes naturelles
Hungarian
A közös biztonság- és védelempolitika szerepe éghajlat okozta válságok és természeti katasztrófák esetén
Italian
Il ruolo della politica di sicurezza e di difesa comune in caso di crisi di natura climatica e disastri naturali
Lithuanian
Bendros saugumo ir gynybos politikos vaidmuo krizių dėl klimato ir gaivalinių nelaimių atvejais
Latvian
Kopējās drošības un aizsardzības politikas loma saistībā ar klimata krīzēm un dabas katastrofām
Maltese
Ir-rwol tal-Politika ta' Sigurtà u ta' Difiża Komuni f'każ ta' kriżijiet ikkawżati mill-klima u ta' diżastri naturali
Dutch
De rol van het gemeenschappelijk veiligheids- en defensiebeleid ingeval van natuurrampen en crises als gevolg van klimaatverandering
Polish
Rola wspólnej polityki bezpieczeństwa i obrony w przypadku kryzysów spowodowanych warunkami klimatycznymi i katastrof naturalnych
Portuguese
O papel da Política Comum de Segurança e Defesa em matéria de crises provocadas pelo clima e catástrofes naturais
Romanian
Rolul politicii de securitate şi apărare comună în cazul crizelor generate de climă şi al dezastrelor naturale
Slovak
Úloha spoločnej bezpečnostnej a obrannej politiky v prípade krízy súvisiacej s klímou a prírodných katastrof
Slovenian
Vloga skupne varnostne in obrambne politike ob podnebnih krizah in naravnih nesrečah
Swedish
Den gemensamma säkerhets- och försvarspolitikens roll i händelse av klimatorsakade kriser eller naturkatastrofer
Records
Official report 2012/2095(INI) from European Union at European Parliament. Dated 24 May 2012. Status: PLENARY_VOTE.
Timeline
24 May 2012
referral
Source: REFERRAL
24 May 2012
Introduced
The role of the Common Security and Defence Policy in case of climate driven crises and natural disaster
Source: INI
22 November 2012
Vote results
Source: PLENARY_VOTE_RESULTS
Votes
No vote records are attached yet.
Versions
No version snapshots stored. Document URLs remain at the source.
Documents
90 official files
RAPORT referitor la rolul politicii de securitate și apărare comună în cazul crizelor și al dezastrelor naturale generate de climă
This file cannot be previewed here. Use View or Download.
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
RAPORT referitor la rolul politicii de securitate și apărare comună în cazul crizelor și al dezastrelor naturale generate de climă
REPORT_PLENARY · RO · 11 December 2019
RAPORT referitor la rolul politicii de securitate și apărare comună în cazul crizelor și al dezastrelor naturale generate de climă
REPORT_PLENARY · RO · 11 December 2019
DownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
BETÆNKNING om den fælles sikkerheds- og forsvarspolitiks rolle i tilfælde af klimaskabte kriser og naturkatastrofer
REPORT_PLENARY · DA · 11 December 2019
DownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
BETÆNKNING om den fælles sikkerheds- og forsvarspolitiks rolle i tilfælde af klimaskabte kriser og naturkatastrofer
REPORT_PLENARY · DA · 11 December 2019
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
VERSLAG over de rol van het gemeenschappelijk veiligheids- en defensiebeleid bij klimaatgedreven crises en natuurrampen
REPORT_PLENARY · NL · 11 December 2019
DownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
VERSLAG over de rol van het gemeenschappelijk veiligheids- en defensiebeleid bij klimaatgedreven crises en natuurrampen
REPORT_PLENARY · NL · 11 December 2019
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
SPRAWOZDANIE na temat roli wspólnej polityki bezpieczeństwa i obrony w przypadku kryzysów i klęsk żywiołowych spowodowanych zmianą klimatu
REPORT_PLENARY · PL · 11 December 2019
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
SPRAWOZDANIE na temat roli wspólnej polityki bezpieczeństwa i obrony w przypadku kryzysów i klęsk żywiołowych spowodowanych zmianą klimatu
REPORT_PLENARY · PL · 11 December 2019
DownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
RAPPORT sur le rôle de la politique de sécurité et de défense commune en cas de crises climatiques et de catastrophes naturelles
REPORT_PLENARY · FR · 11 December 2019
DownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
RAPPORT sur le rôle de la politique de sécurité et de défense commune en cas de crises climatiques et de catastrophes naturelles
REPORT_PLENARY · FR · 11 December 2019
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
JELENTÉS a közös biztonság- és védelempolitika szerepéről éghajlatváltozás okozta válsághelyzetek és természeti katasztrófák esetén
REPORT_PLENARY · HU · 11 December 2019
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
JELENTÉS a közös biztonság- és védelempolitika szerepéről éghajlatváltozás okozta válsághelyzetek és természeti katasztrófák esetén
REPORT_PLENARY · HU · 11 December 2019
DownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
RAPORT Ühise julgeoleku- ja kaitsepoliitika roll kliimast tingitud kriiside ja loodusõnnetuste korral
REPORT_PLENARY · ET · 11 December 2019
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
RAPORT Ühise julgeoleku- ja kaitsepoliitika roll kliimast tingitud kriiside ja loodusõnnetuste korral
REPORT_PLENARY · ET · 11 December 2019
DownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
INFORME sobre la función de la Política Común de Seguridad y Defensa en caso de crisis provocadas por el clima y de catástrofes naturales
REPORT_PLENARY · ES · 11 December 2019
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
INFORME sobre la función de la Política Común de Seguridad y Defensa en caso de crisis provocadas por el clima y de catástrofes naturales
REPORT_PLENARY · ES · 11 December 2019
DownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
ZPRÁVA o úloze společné bezpečnostní a obranné politiky v případě krizí souvisejících s klimatem a přírodních katastrof
REPORT_PLENARY · CS · 11 December 2019
DownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
ZPRÁVA o úloze společné bezpečnostní a obranné politiky v případě krizí souvisejících s klimatem a přírodních katastrof
REPORT_PLENARY · CS · 11 December 2019
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
POROČILO o vlogi skupne varnostne in obrambne politike v primeru podnebno pogojenih kriz in naravnih nesreč
REPORT_PLENARY · SL · 11 December 2019
DownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
POROČILO o vlogi skupne varnostne in obrambne politike v primeru podnebno pogojenih kriz in naravnih nesreč
REPORT_PLENARY · SL · 11 December 2019
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
SPRÁVA o úlohe spoločnej bezpečnostnej a obrannej politiky v prípade krízy súvisiacej s klímou a prírodných katastrof
REPORT_PLENARY · SK · 11 December 2019
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
SPRÁVA o úlohe spoločnej bezpečnostnej a obrannej politiky v prípade krízy súvisiacej s klímou a prírodných katastrof
REPORT_PLENARY · SK · 11 December 2019
DownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
RAPPORT dwar ir-rwol tal-Politika ta’ Sigurtà u ta' Difiża Komuni f'każ ta’ kriżijiet ikkawżati mill-klima u ta' diżastri naturali
REPORT_PLENARY · MT · 11 December 2019
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
RAPPORT dwar ir-rwol tal-Politika ta’ Sigurtà u ta' Difiża Komuni f'każ ta’ kriżijiet ikkawżati mill-klima u ta' diżastri naturali
REPORT_PLENARY · MT · 11 December 2019
DownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
PRANEŠIMAS dėl bendros saugumo ir gynybos politikos vaidmens krizių dėl klimato ir gaivalinių nelaimių atvejais
REPORT_PLENARY · LT · 11 December 2019
DownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
PRANEŠIMAS dėl bendros saugumo ir gynybos politikos vaidmens krizių dėl klimato ir gaivalinių nelaimių atvejais
REPORT_PLENARY · LT · 11 December 2019
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
ДОКЛАД относно ролята на общата политика за сигурност и отбрана при обусловени от климата кризи и при природни бедствия
REPORT_PLENARY · BG · 11 December 2019
DownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
ДОКЛАД относно ролята на общата политика за сигурност и отбрана при обусловени от климата кризи и при природни бедствия
REPORT_PLENARY · BG · 11 December 2019
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
RELAZIONE sul ruolo della politica di sicurezza e di difesa comune in caso di crisi di natura climatica e disastri naturali
REPORT_PLENARY · IT · 11 December 2019
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
RELAZIONE sul ruolo della politica di sicurezza e di difesa comune in caso di crisi di natura climatica e disastri naturali
REPORT_PLENARY · IT · 11 December 2019
DownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
ZIŅOJUMS par kopējās drošības un aizsardzības politikas lomu saistībā ar klimata krīzēm un dabas katastrofām
REPORT_PLENARY · LV · 11 December 2019
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
ZIŅOJUMS par kopējās drošības un aizsardzības politikas lomu saistībā ar klimata krīzēm un dabas katastrofām
REPORT_PLENARY · LV · 11 December 2019
DownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
ΕΚΘΕΣΗ για το ρόλο της Κοινής Πολιτικής Ασφάλειας και Άμυνας (ΚΠΑΑ) στις κρίσεις που προκαλούνται από το κλίμα και τις φυσικές καταστροφές
REPORT_PLENARY · EL · 11 December 2019
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
ΕΚΘΕΣΗ για το ρόλο της Κοινής Πολιτικής Ασφάλειας και Άμυνας (ΚΠΑΑ) στις κρίσεις που προκαλούνται από το κλίμα και τις φυσικές καταστροφές
REPORT_PLENARY · EL · 11 December 2019
DownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
MIETINTÖ yhteisen turvallisuus- ja puolustuspolitiikan roolista ilmastoon liittyvissä kriiseissä ja luonnonkatastrofeissa
REPORT_PLENARY · FI · 11 December 2019
DownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
MIETINTÖ yhteisen turvallisuus- ja puolustuspolitiikan roolista ilmastoon liittyvissä kriiseissä ja luonnonkatastrofeissa
REPORT_PLENARY · FI · 11 December 2019
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
RELATÓRIO sobre o papel da Política Comum de Segurança e Defesa em matéria de crises provocadas pelo clima e catástrofes naturais
REPORT_PLENARY · PT · 11 December 2019
DownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
RELATÓRIO sobre o papel da Política Comum de Segurança e Defesa em matéria de crises provocadas pelo clima e catástrofes naturais
REPORT_PLENARY · PT · 11 December 2019
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
BETÄNKANDE om den gemensamma säkerhets- och försvarspolitikens roll vid klimatstyrda kriser och naturkatastrofer
REPORT_PLENARY · SV · 11 December 2019
DownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
BETÄNKANDE om den gemensamma säkerhets- och försvarspolitikens roll vid klimatstyrda kriser och naturkatastrofer
REPORT_PLENARY · SV · 11 December 2019
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
BERICHT über die Rolle der Gemeinsamen Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik bei klimabedingten Krisen und Naturkatastrophen
REPORT_PLENARY · DE · 11 December 2019
DownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
BERICHT über die Rolle der Gemeinsamen Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik bei klimabedingten Krisen und Naturkatastrophen
REPORT_PLENARY · DE · 11 December 2019
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
REPORT on the role of the Common Security and Defence Policy in case of climate-driven crises and natural disasters
REPORT_PLENARY · EN · 9 December 2019
DownloadOpen at official source
Leesvertaling
Vertaal dit document naar jouw taal. PoliticalRepo bewaart geen aparte kopie per EU-taal.
Documentvertaling op verzoek met downloadbare PDF (logo + link naar de officiële bron). Het bronbestand blijft leidend.
REPORT on the role of the Common Security and Defence Policy in case of climate-driven crises and natural disasters
REPORT_PLENARY · EN · 9 December 2019
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Leesvertaling
Vertaal dit document naar jouw taal. PoliticalRepo bewaart geen aparte kopie per EU-taal.
Documentvertaling op verzoek met downloadbare PDF (logo + link naar de officiële bron). Het bronbestand blijft leidend.
Suite donnée au T7-0458/2012
ACT_FOLLOWUP · FR · 27 March 2013
DownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
Follow up to T7-0458/2012
ACT_FOLLOWUP · EN · 27 March 2013
DownloadOpen at official source
Leesvertaling
Vertaal dit document naar jouw taal. PoliticalRepo bewaart geen aparte kopie per EU-taal.
Documentvertaling op verzoek met downloadbare PDF (logo + link naar de officiële bron). Het bronbestand blijft leidend.
RAPPORT sur le rôle de la politique de sécurité et de défense commune en cas de crises climatiques et de catastrophes naturelles
REPORT_PLENARY · FR · 23 October 2012
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
RAPPORT sur le rôle de la politique de sécurité et de défense commune en cas de crises climatiques et de catastrophes naturelles
REPORT_PLENARY · FR · 23 October 2012
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
RAPORT referitor la rolul politicii de securitate și apărare comună în cazul crizelor și al dezastrelor naturale generate de climă
REPORT_PLENARY · RO · 23 October 2012
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
RAPORT referitor la rolul politicii de securitate și apărare comună în cazul crizelor și al dezastrelor naturale generate de climă
REPORT_PLENARY · RO · 23 October 2012
ViewDownloadOpen at official source
Reading translation
Translate this document into your language. PoliticalRepo does not store a separate copy per EU language.
On-demand whole-document translation with a downloadable PDF (logo + link to the official source). The official file stays authoritative.
Sponsors
No sponsors or actors listed by the source.
Related records
No cross-record relationships stored yet.
Sources
PoliticalRepo is an index and interpretation layer, not the authoritative legal source.
- Official source: https://oeil.secure.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/ficheprocedure.do?lang=en&reference=2012%2F2095(INI)
- Open data entity: https://data.europarl.europa.eu/api/v2/procedures/2012-2095
- eu · 2012-2095 · source updated 22 November 2012