United States · United States Congress · 9 November 2001
Consolidation Student Loan Flexibility Act of 2001 - Amends the Higher Education Act of 1965 to allow student loan borrowers to choose a lender for loan consolidation. (Eliminates the requirement that: (1) the consolidation loan lender must already hold an outstanding student loan of the borrower; or (2) the borrower must certify to having sought and been unable to obtain a consolidation loan with income-sensitive repayment terms from any holders of the outstanding loans selected for consolidation.)
United States · United States Congress · 7 November 2001
Spirit of America Commemorative Coin Act of 2001 - Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to mint and issue $50 gold coins, one-dollar silver coins, and half-dollar clad coins emblematic of the tragic events that occurred at the Pentagon, in New York City, and in Pennsylvania, on September 11, 2001. Establishes the Victims of September 11th Fund which shall consist of amounts from surcharges received from the sale of such coins transferred to the Office for Victims of Crime for individuals who were injured, and to the families of individuals who were killed or injured, in the terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001.
United States · United States Congress · 1 November 2001
Combatting Illegal Gambling Reform and Modernization Act - Amends the Federal criminal code to revise provisions regarding interstate gambling. Increases the term of imprisonment for violations. Prohibits (with exceptions) any person engaged in a gambling business from knowingly using a communication facility for the transmission: (1) of bets or wagers, or betting information, in interstate or foreign commerce, within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, or to or from any place outside the jurisdiction of any nation regarding any transmission to or from the United States,; or (2) of a communication in such interstate or foreign commerce which entitles the recipient to receive money or credit as a result of bets or for information assisting in the placing of bets. Prohibits (with exceptions) any person engaged in a gambling business from knowingly accepting credit, an electronic fund transfer, a check, or the proceeds of certain other forms of financial transaction as the Secretary may prescribe in connection with the transmission of such a communication of information assisting the placing of bets. Lists exceptions, including certain: (1) transmissions of information assisting in the placing of bets (such as for use in news reporting); and (2) uses of communication facilities for the transmission of bets (e.g., where a State or Tribe has explicitly authorized such bets). Sets forth remedies for violations. Bars imposition of damages, penalties, or forfeiture against any person or entity for an act done in compliance with notice received from a law enforcement agency.
United States · United States Congress · 11 October 2001
Amends the Internal Revenue Code to allow the limited (up to $2,000 annually) carryover of unused benefits from health flexible spending arrangements to subsequent taxable years to be used for the reimbursement of future medical expenses.
United States · United States Congress · 10 October 2001
Air Piracy Reprisal and Capture Act of 2001 - Amends the Federal criminal code to expand provisions regarding: (1) piracy on the high seas to cover piracy in the skies and on land and, if death results, to authorize imposition of the death sentence; (2) arming or serving on privateers to increase penalties; (3) assault on a commander (as piracy) to cover assault on any airplane officer; (4) conversion or surrender of a vessel to cover aircraft and aircraft officers or service members and, if death results, to provide for the death sentence; and (5) corruption of seamen and confederating with pirates to cover aircraft and to increase penalties. Amends the Revised Statutes of the United States to expand the application of piracy laws to acts committed upon land or in the air. Modifies a provision regarding the commissioning of private vessels for seizure of piratical vessels to authorize the President to instruct the leader of any suitable entity operating under the authority of any letters of marque and reprisal granted by Congress, whether on the high seas, in the skies, or on land, to subdue, seize, and take persons and property, using force as necessary to defend the lives, liberties, and property of U.S. citizens. Deems: (1) property identified as subject to seizure under such a letter subject to confiscation and forfeiture; and (2) any person so identified as subject to seizure subject to court-martial jurisdiction and to transfer into U.S. custody.
United States · United States Congress · 10 October 2001
September 11 Marque and Reprisal Act of 2001 - Authorizes and requests the President to issue letters of marque and reprisal to commission privately armed and equipped persons and entities to seize outside of the United States the person and property of Osama bin Laden, of any al Qaeda co-conspirator, and any conspirator with Osama bin Laden and al Qaeda who are responsible for the terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001, including any similar planned acts against the United States in the future. Authorizes the President to place a bounty, from amounts appropriated on September 14, 2001, in the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Recovery from and Response to Terrorists Attacks on the United States or from private sources, for the capture, dead or alive, of Osama bin Laden or any other al Qaeda conspirator responsible for the act of air piracy upon the United States on September 11, 2001.
United States · United States Congress · 4 October 2001
Travel America Now Act of 2001-Amends the Internal Revenue Code to temporarily: (1) allow a credit for qualified personal travel expenses; (2) restore full deductibility for business entertainment expenses; and (3) extend the carry-back period for travel or tourism industry losses.
United States · United States Congress · 4 October 2001
Expresses the sense of Congress that the President should award and present a Public Safety Officer Medal of Valor to those public safety officers who were killed and to those select public safety officers who have earned special recognition for outstanding valor above and beyond the call of duty in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001.
United States · United States Congress · 20 September 2001
Authorizes the President to award posthumously the Congressional Gold Medal to the people aboard United Airlines Flight 93 who helped resist the hijackers and caused their plane to crash prematurely on September 11, 2001.
United States · United States Congress · 20 September 2001
September 11th Families Stamp Act - Directs the U.S. Postal Service to issue a semipostal (first-class postage stamp sold at a premium) with the proceeds from its sale going to the September 11th Families Fund to provide assistance, through the Office for Victims of Crime, Department of Justice, to the families of individuals who were killed in the terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001. Establishes the September 11th Families Fund.
United States · United States Congress · 17 September 2001
War Bonds Act of 2001 - Authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury to issue War Bonds in response to the acts of terrorism perpetrated against the United States on September 11, 2001.
United States · United States Congress · 14 September 2001
Expresses the sense of Congress that a National Day of Remembrance should be established to remember those who lost their lives as a result of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and to honor the people of the United States who displayed heroism and courage during and after such attacks.
United States · United States Congress · 2 August 2001
Date Certain Tax Code Replacement Act - Prohibits the imposition of any tax by the Internal Revenue Code: (1) for any taxable year beginning after December 31, 2005; and (2) in the case of any tax not imposed on the basis of a taxable year, on any taxable event or for any period after December 31, 2005. Excepts the: (1) tax on self-employment income (chapter 2 of the Code); (2) Federal Insurance Contributions Act (chapter 21 of the Code); and (3) Railroad Retirement Tax Act (chapter 22 of the Code). Establishes the National Commission on Tax Reform and Simplification to review: (1) the present structure and provisions of the Code; (2) whether the tax systems of other countries could provide more efficient and fair methods of funding government revenue requirements; (3) whether the income tax should be replaced with a tax imposed in a different manner or on a different base; and (4) whether the Code can be simplified, absent wholesale restructuring or replacement. Requires a Commission report to Congress on review results, with recommendations for Code reform and simplification. Terminates the Commission 90 days after such report. Authorizes appropriations (with interim funding). Declares that any new Federal tax system should be approved by Congress in its final form before July 4, 2005, and, if not, Congress should be required to vote to reauthorize the Code.
United States · United States Congress · 2 August 2001
Clean Diamond Trade Act - Prohibits the importation of rough diamonds into the United States unless the exporting country is implementing a system of controls on the export or import of rough diamonds that: (1) meets specified requirements, consistent with United Nations General Assembly Resolution 55/56 adopted on December 1, 2000, or is functionally equivalent; or (2) meets the requirements of an international agreement which requires such controls and to which the United States is a party. Prohibits the importation of polished diamonds (including jewelry containing diamonds) into the United States unless the exporting country: (1) is implementing a system of controls on the export and import of rough diamonds, except such system shall not be required for countries that do not import rough diamonds; and (2) requires that its own imports of diamonds originate from countries that have implemented a system of controls on the export and import of rough diamonds. Provides a waiver of the requirements of this Act. Urges the President to negotiate an international agreement to eliminate trade in diamonds used to support conflict in the country or regions in which such diamonds are mined.
United States · United States Congress · 2 August 2001
Calls for the Citizens' Stamp Advisory Committee of the U.S. Postal Service to recommend and the Postmaster General to issue a postage stamp commemorating the Fisk Jubilee Singers (a choral group from Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee).
United States · United States Congress · 2 August 2001
Expresses the sense of Congress that: (1) the President and Congress should save Social Security as soon as possible; (2) Social Security surpluses must be vigorously safeguarded and used only for purposes of saving Social Security or reducing the publicly held debt; and (3) the President's Commission to Strengthen Social Security, recognizing the immense financial commitment of every American worker in the Social Security system, should present in its recommendations innovative ways to protect that commitment without benefit cuts or payroll tax increases.
United States · United States Congress · 31 July 2001
Sales Tax Equity Act of 2001 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to permit the deduction of State and local sales taxes in lieu of State and local income taxes.
United States · United States Congress · 30 July 2001
Expresses the sense of Congress that: (1) a National Character Counts Week should be established to promote character education; and (2) the President should issue a proclamation calling upon the people of the United States to embrace the elements of character identified by their local schools and communities such as trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring, citizenship, and honesty.
United States · United States Congress · 27 July 2001
Department of Defense-Department of Veterans Affairs Health Resources Access Improvement Act of 2001 - Urges the Secretaries of Defense and Veterans Affairs to commit their departments to exploring new ways for significantly improving health resources sharing and to building supportive organizational cultures. Directs such Secretaries to: (1) conduct a demonstration project at five qualifying sites to identify advantages of providing integrated management of military treatment facilities and veterans' health care facilities in the same geographic area; and (2) provide for a unified management system for such facilities at each site. Authorizes each Secretary to waive administrative regulations or policies to implement the demonstration project. Terminates the project on September 30, 2006. Directs the Secretaries to: (1) submit to the appropriate congressional committees a prospectus for construction of a new joint medical facility for their departments; (2) enter into a joint contract for an independent, comprehensive review to identify opportunities for joint funding for an integrated graduate medical education program; and (3) develop and implement a common affiliation agreement or contract for graduate medical education purposes at project locations. Requires (current law authorizes) the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to share health care resources with the Secretaries of the military departments. Repeals current Department of Veterans Affairs hospital bed limits.
United States · United States Congress · 26 July 2001
National Uniformity for Food Act of 2001 - Amends the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) to prohibit any State or political subdivision from establishing or continuing in effect as to any food in interstate commerce any requirement for food that is not identical to specified FDCA provisions. Prohibits any State or political subdivision from establishing or continuing in effect any notification requirement for a food that provides for a warning concerning the food's safety that is not identical to FDCA provisions. Allows current State notification or food safety requirements to continue for 180 days after the enactment of this Act, during which such State may petition for an exemption or a new national standard. Allows a State to petition for an exemption and for a national standard regarding any requirement under the FDCA, as amended by this Act, or the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act relating to food regulation. Allows a State to establish a requirement that would otherwise violate FDCA provisions relating to national uniform nutrition labeling or this paragraph if the requirement is needed to address an imminent hazard to health that is likely to result in serious adverse health consequences and if other requirements are met.
United States · United States Congress · 25 July 2001
Expresses the sense of Congress that a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Awareness Month should be established to raise public awareness about the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the serious problems associated with it.
United States · United States Congress · 24 July 2001
Patient Privacy Act of 2001 - Amends part C (Administrative Simplification) of title XI of the Social Security Act (SSA) to repeal: (1) the requirement of unique health identifiers for each individual, employer, health plan, and health care provider; and (2) penalties for wrongful disclosure of unique health identifiers. Prohibits the expenditure of Federal funds to develop or implement any database or other system of records containing personal medical information of any U.S. citizen, or to collect medical records for the purpose of storing them in a database or other system of records, with specified exceptions including part A (Hospital Insurance) or part B (Supplementary Medical Insurance) of the Medicare program under SSA title XVIII and the Medicaid program under SSA title XIX.
United States · United States Congress · 17 July 2001
Training for Closed Captioners Act of 2001 - Directs the Secretary of Labor to provide grants to no more than 20 eligible entities (approved and accredited court reporting programs) to promote the training of students to become realtime closed captioners. Limits to $1 million the amount of a grant provided to an entity in a fiscal year.
United States · United States Congress · 16 July 2001
Expresses support for the goals and ideas of "National Night Out" (an event during the evening of August 7, 2001, to demonstrate the importance and effectiveness of community participation in crime prevention). Requests that the President focus appropriate attention on the issues of neighborhood crime prevention, community policing, and reduction of school crime by delivering speeches, convening meetings, and directing his Administration to make reducing crime an important priority.
United States · United States Congress · 12 July 2001
High Productivity Investment Act of 2001 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to establish two new depreciation provisions: (1) the rapid cost recovery system under which the cost of specified property may be depreciated more quickly than under current depreciation methods; and (2) the high productivity investment deduction under which the cost of specified property may be expensed. Modifies the alternative minimum tax. Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to establish a table showing classes of property and the modified class life of each class of property. Provides a schedule on which the Secretary's initial table shall be based.
United States · United States Congress · 11 July 2001
Commercial Driver's License Devolution Act of 2001 - Amends Federal transportation law to authorize an individual to operate a commercial motor vehicle solely within the borders of a State (intrastate) if such individual meets State-prescribed minimum standards for fitness for operating a commercial motor vehicle and has passed written and driving tests meeting those same standards. Requires States to test the fitness of commercial motor vehicle operators, including the passing of a written and driving test, who operate intrastate.
United States · United States Congress · 28 June 2001
Bioenergy Act of 2001 - Authorizes the Secretary of Energy to conduct environmental research and development, scientific and energy research, development, and demonstration, and commercial application of energy technology programs, projects, and activities related to bioenergy, including biopower energy systems, biofuels energy systems, and integrated bioenergy research and development (including biofuels). Authorizes appropriations for biopower energy systems, biofuels energy systems, and integrated bioenergy research and development. Mandates specified cost-sharing commitments from non-Federal sources.
United States · United States Congress · 28 June 2001
Clean Energy Incentives Act - Amends the Internal Revenue Code, with respect to renewable and alternative energy, alternative fuels and energy efficient vehicles, energy efficiency and conservation, and energy generation and management. Provides for: (1) a five year extension for the renewable resource credit for qualified facilities; (2) alternative resources (solar, biomass, incremental hydropower and geothermal, and geothermal energy) to qualify for the renewable resource credit; (3) a tradable resource credit for public utilities and other tax exempt organizations; (4) an extension of the deduction for certain refueling property; and (5) an energy efficient commercial building deduction. Provides tax credits for the following: (1) an alternative motor vehicle; (2) the retail sale of alternative fuels (compressed natural gas, liquefied natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, hydrogen, and fuel which is at least 85 percent methanol) as motor vehicle fuel; (3) the installation of alternative (clean) fueling stations; (4) property to convert waste to fuel; (5) construction of new highly energy efficient homes; (6) energy efficient appliances; (7) adjustable speed drives; (8) energy efficient recycling or remanufacturing equipment; (9) distributed energy generation and demand property (specified solar, geothermal, energy efficient building, and other property) used in business; (10) distributed energy generation and demand property (specified photovoltaic, solar water heating, wind energy, fuel cell, and energy efficient property) used in residences; (11) energy management systems using residential real time metering systems; and (12) and flywheel property.
United States · United States Congress · 28 June 2001
Expresses the sense of Congress that the U.S. Postal Service should: (1) provide a maximum degree of effective and regular postal services to all communities, including rural areas and small towns where post offices may not be self-sustaining; and (2) take all necessary steps to ensure that post offices are not closed or consolidated.
United States · United States Congress · 27 June 2001
Amends the Internal Revenue Code to allow a taxpayer an income-based credit ($2,000 maximum) for qualifying child disability education and training expenses paid on behalf of a dependent under the age of 18.
United States · United States Congress · 19 June 2001
Expresses the sense of Congress that: (1) the status quo on Cyprus must end and the island and its people must be reunited in a bi-zonal, bi-communal federal Cyprus, on the basis of United Nations Security Council resolutions; (2) the accession of Cyprus to the European Union (EU) would act as a catalyst for the solution of the Cyprus problem without such solution being a precondition for accession; (3) membership of Cyprus to the EU should be strongly supported; (4) all Cypriots should be urged to support and encourage efforts to bring Cyprus into the EU; and (5) U.S. agencies should pursue initiatives that will help promote and achieve reunification, reconciliation, stability, and prosperity on Cyprus.
United States · United States Congress · 14 June 2001
Born-Alive Infants Protection Act of 2001 - Directs that in determining the meaning of any Act of Congress or of any ruling, regulation, or interpretation of the various U.S. administrative bureaus and agencies, the words "person," "human being," "child," and "individual" shall include every infant member of the species homo sapiens who is born alive (as defined in this Act) at any stage of development.
United States · United States Congress · 13 June 2001
Amends the Agricultural Market Transition Act to: (1) reduce quota peanut price support levels through crop year 2003; (2) extend marketing assessment services through 2003; and (3) make nonrecourse loans available to all peanut producers at 85 percent of estimated market value as of crop year 2004. Amends the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 to eliminate peanut quotas as of crop year 2004. Amends the National School Lunch Act to authorize the purchase at world market price of additional (excess of poundage quota) peanuts for the school lunch and other specified food and nutrition programs. States that such peanuts shall not be considered domestic edible use peanuts under the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 or the Agricultural Market Transition Act.
United States · United States Congress · 12 June 2001
Permanent Death Tax Repeal Act of 2001 - Amends title IX (Compliance with Congressional Budget Act) of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (P.L. 107-16) to repeal the sunset provisions applicable to title V (Estate, Gift, and Generation-Skipping Transfer Taxes) of such Act.
United States · United States Congress · 12 June 2001
Amends the Internal Revenue Code to permit: (1) Federal civilian and military retirees to pay Federal Employees Health Benefits Program and TRICARE supplemental premiums on a pretax basis; and (2) a deduction (available to itemizers and nonitemizers) for TRICARE supplemental premiums and enrollment fees.
United States · United States Congress · 7 June 2001
National Monument Fairness Act of 2001 - Revises Federal law with respect to a presidential proclamation that, during one calendar year, either creates a national monument that is more than 50,000 acres or that adds more than 50,000 acres to an existing national monument. Prohibits the issuance of such a proclamation until 30 days after the President has transmitted the proposed proclamation to the Governor of the State or States in which such acreage is located, soliciting written comment. Makes any such proclamation ineffective two years after its issuance unless Congress has approved it by law. Requires the President: (1) to solicit public participation and comment in the development of a monument proclamation; (2) to consult with the Governor and entire congressional delegation of the State or territory in which such lands are located at least 60 days before any national monument proclamation; and (3) before issuing it, to consider any information, including public comments, made available in the development of existing plans and programs for the management of the lands under consideration. Requires any management plan for a national monument developed subsequent to a proclamation made under this Act to comply with the procedural requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969.
United States · United States Congress · 7 June 2001
Medicare Medical Nutrition Therapy Amendment Act of 2001 - Amends title XVIII (Medicare) of the Social Security Act, as amended by the Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Benefits Improvement and Protection Act of 2000, to provide coverage of medical nutrition therapy services for certain Medicare beneficiaries with cardiovascular diseases.
United States · United States Congress · 6 June 2001
Sugar Program Reform Act - Amends the Agricultural Market Transition Act with respect to the sugar program to: (1) reduce sugarcane loan rates through crop year 2004; (2) revise the sugar beet loan rate; (3) eliminate nonrecourse loans; and (4) eliminate sugar price supports after crop year 2002. Amends the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 to repeal sugar and crystalline fructose marketing quota and allotment provisions. Amends the Food Security Act of 1985 to direct the President, beginning after the 2000-2001 quota year, to use all available authority to ensure that U.S. market raw sugar shall be available at not more than the higher of the world sugar price or the U.S. loan rate.
United States · United States Congress · 25 May 2001
Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act - Amends the Organic Act to direct the Secretary of Commerce to establish and maintain a list of each person that notifies the Secretary that it is a manufacturer or seller that is: (1) licensed to engage in interstate or foreign commerce of a firearm or ammunition product; or (2) is a trade association representing such manufacturers or sellers. Declares that any lawful conduct carried out by a manufacturer or seller in interstate or foreign commerce of a firearm or ammunition product, or lawful conduct carried out by a trade association in the course of representing such manufacturers or sellers, shall not be the basis for imposing a restriction on such commerce (the award of civil damages, equitable relief, or any other specified limitation) as a result of harm caused by the criminal or other unlawful misuse of such firearm or ammunition product by any other person.
United States · United States Congress · 24 May 2001
Uniformed Services Former Spouses Equity Act of 2001 - Requires payment from the monthly disposable retired pay of a member to his or her former spouse in compliance with court orders (division of property) to terminate upon the remarriage of that spouse, effective as of the last day of the month in which the remarriage occurs. Provides that, in the case of a member to whom a final decree of divorce, dissolution, annulment, or legal separation is issued before the member begins to receive retired pay, the disposable retired pay of such member, for purposes of such monthly payments, shall be computed based on the pay grade and length of service of the member while married. Increases such amount concurrently with retired pay increases. Requires a member's spouse or former spouse to obtain a court order for reapportionment of a member's monthly disposable retired pay by the later of the following dates: (1) two years of the date of the final decree of divorce, dissolution, annulment, or legal separation; or (2) six months after the enactment of this Act. Prohibits the court from treating as part of a member's disposable retired pay amounts which have been waived from such pay in order to receive veterans' disability compensation.
United States · United States Congress · 24 May 2001
Municipal Utility Natural Gas Supply Act of 2001 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to exclude from the definition of the term "investment property," as such term is used in defining "higher yield investments," any prepayment on a supply contract for the purpose of obtaining a supply of natural gas reasonably expected to be used by a utility which is owned and operated by a State or local government, or any State or local government political subdivision or instrumentality (thus permitting municipal gas systems to use their tax-exempt borrowing authority to fund the purchase of long-term, prepaid supplies of natural gas).
United States · United States Congress · 22 May 2001
Korea Defense Service Medal Act - Directs the Secretary of the military department concerned to issue a campaign medal, to be known as the Korea Defense Service Medal, to each member who served in the Republic of Korea or its adjacent waters after July 27, 1954.
United States · United States Congress · 22 May 2001
Dollars to the Classroom Act - Authorizes the Secretary of Education award grants to States for use by States and local educational agencies (LEAs) to improve classroom services and activities for students. Prescribes requirements for participation of private school children and teachers in activities and services. Prohibits Federal control of State or local educational activities or services receiving such grant assistance. Repeals specified programs under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA) and certain other Acts, including: (1) demonstrations of innovative practices; (2) innovative elementary school transition projects; (3) Dwight D. Eisenhower Professional Development Program;(4) Technology for Education, including Star Schools, Ready-to-Learn Television, and the telecommunications demonstration project for mathematics; (5) Magnet Schools Assistance; (6) Women's Educational Equity; (7) Innovative Education Program Strategies; (8) Native Hawaiians Education; (9) Alaska Native Education; (10) Fund for the Improvement of Education; (11) Gifted and Talented Education; (12) Arts in Education; (13) Civic Education; (14) Allen J. Ellender Fellowship Program (Close-Up programs); (15) 21st Century Community Learning Centers; (16) Urban and Rural Education Assistance; (17) National Writing Project; (18) Extended Time for Learning and Longer School Year; (19) Comprehensive Regional Assistance Centers; (20) Eisenhower Math and Science Regional Consortia; (21) State and local education systemic improvement; (22) school-to-work opportunities system development and implementation grants; and (23) Education for Homeless Children program. Education Flexibility Partnership Demonstration Act - Authorizes the Secretary to allow all 50 States to participate in the Education Flexibility Partnership Demonstration Act program.
United States · United States Congress · 22 May 2001
Fatal Grade Crossing Accident Investigations Act - Amends Federal transportation law to require the National Transportation Safety Board to investigate all railroad grade crossing accidents that involve a fatality or substantial property damage.
![Official portrait of Rep. Wamp, Zach [R-TN-3]](https://www.congress.gov/img/member/w000119_200.jpg)