United States · United States Congress · 17 February 1983
Authorizes the Secretary of the Army (or such Secretary's transferee) to convey to Mineral County, Nevada, by quitclaim deed, without consideration, all Federal right, title, and interest to specified Federal lands. Conditions such conveyance upon the reimbursement by Mineral County of all administrative costs incurred in the conveyance.
United States · United States Congress · 3 February 1983
Amends the Hobbs Act to redefine "extortion" to mean obtaining property from another with consent by use of actual or threatened force, violence, or fear thereof, or wrongful use of fear not involving force or violence, or under color of official right. Expresses congressional intent: (1) not to exclude Federal jurisdiction on the ground that conduct involving force, violence, or fear thereof, takes place in the course of a legitimate business or labor dispute, or on the ground that the conduct violates State or local law; or (2) not to chill legitimate labor activity by authorizing Federal prosecution for offenses occurring during a labor dispute not involving extortion. Makes it an affirmative defense to a prosecution under this section that the defendant's conduct: (1) was incidental to peaceful picketing in the course of a legitimate labor dispute; (2) consisted solely of minor bodily injury or property damage; or (3) was not intended to extort property.
United States · United States Congress · 3 February 1983
Amends the Federal criminal code to establish penalties for taking or attempting to take property by force, violence, or intimidation from either a pharmacy or a person registered with the Drug Enforcement Administration. Increases the penalties if any person's life is endangered by use of a dangerous weapon or if any person is assaulted or killed during the commission of such offense. Directs the Attorney General to report to Congress on the enforcement of this Act.
United States · United States Congress · 3 February 1983
Declares all wild free-roaming horses and burros to be under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Interior. Directs the Secretary to protect and manage wild free-roaming horses and burros as components of the public lands. Authorizes the Secretary to designate and maintain specific ranges on public lands as sanctuaries. Directs the Secretary to remove excess animals from an area if the area is overpopulated by wild horses and burros. Authorizes private landowners to maintain wild horses and burros on private lands, provided it is done in a manner to protect the animals, and the animals were not enticed to their lands. Directs the Secretary and the Secretary of Agriculture to appoint a joint advisory board to advise them concerning wild free-roaming horses and burros. Sets forth penalties for: (1) abusing or killing wild horses and burros; and (2) violations of this Act.
United States · United States Congress · 3 February 1983
Office of Strategic Trade Act of 1983 - Declares the policy of the United States with respect to export controls on strategic goods and technology. Establishes an Office of Strategic Trade as an independent executive agency which shall be headed by a Director of Strategic Trade whom the President shall appoint with the advice and consent of the Senate. Requires the Director to act as chairman of the Interagency Advisory Committee for Export Policy. Establishes within the Office of the Director of the Office of Strategic Trade an Exporter Services Facility to act as liaison with the business community. Sets forth as the principal divisions of the Office of Strategic Trade the: (1) Operations Division; (2) Compliance Division; (3) CoCom Division, which shall carry out functions relating to the Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls (CoCom); (4) Licensing Division; and (5) General Counsel's office. Authorizes the Director to require any of the following types of export licenses: (1) a validated license, authorizing a specified export issued pursuant to application; (2) a qualified general license, authorizing multiple exports issued pursuant to application; (3) a general license, authorizing exports without application; and (4) such other licenses as may assist in the implementation of this Act. Requires the Director to establish a commodity control list of any goods or technology subject to export controls under this Act. Prohibits the imposition of export controls on goods or technology for foreign policy or national security reasons if the President determines that adequate evidence has been presented to show that: (1) comparable goods or technology are available from foreign sources without restriction in significant quantities; and (2) the absence of such controls would not be detrimental to the foreign policy or national security of the United States. Declares that no authority or permission to export may be required under this Act except to carry out the policies set forth in this Act. Authorizes the President to delegate the authority conferred on the President by this Act. Requires the Director to keep the public informed of changes in export control policy and procedures instituted in conformity with this Act. Authorizes the President, in order to carry out the national security export control policy, to impose export controls on any goods or technology subject to U.S. jurisdiction or exported by any person subject to U.S. jurisdiction. Grants the Secretary of Defense the right to review any export application subject to national security controls. Requires the Director to publish in the Federal Register a notice of any revision with respect to any goods or technology, or with respect to the countries or destinations affected by national security export controls. Requires the Director to notify an applicant whenever the Director denies an export license for national security reasons. Requires the Director, in issuing regulations to carry out national security controls, to emphasize: (1) safeguards to prevent a country that poses a threat to U.S. security from diverting covered goods and technologies to military use; and (2) the need to prevent the reexport of such goods and technologies to countries that pose a threat to U.S. security. Declares that U.S. policy toward individual countries shall not be determined solely on the basis of a country's communist or noncommunist status. Sets forth other factors to be considered. Directs the President to review controls maintained cooperatively with other nations at least once every three years. Directs the President to review other controls annually. Requires the Director to establish and maintain a national security control list as a part of the commodity control list. Directs the Secretary of Defense and appropriate Federal agencies to identify goods and technology for inclusion on the national security control list. Requires the Director to issue regulations providing for review and revision of the national security control list. Makes the Secretary primarily responsible for including in the national security control list certain militarily critical technologies. Establishes a National Security Control Agency within the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy to assist in carrying out the national security export control policy responsibilities of the Secretary. Requires the Secretary to report annually to Congress on actions taken with respect to national security export controls. Expresses the intent of Congress to encourage the use of a qualified general license instead of a validated license. Authorizes the Director to require a qualified general license instead of a validated license for the export of goods or technology which are subject to national security controls except where: (1) the export of such goods or technology is restricted pursuant to a multilateral agreement which requires the approval of the parties to the agreement; or (2) the United States is seeking the agreement of other suppliers to apply comparable controls and a validated license is necessary in the Director's judgement until such agreement is reached. Requires the Director, in consultation with the Secretary and other appropriate agencies, to review the foreign availability to countries to which exports are controlled for national security purposes of any goods or technology the export of which requires a validated license. Prohibits the Director from requiring a validated license if the Director determines that sufficiently comparable goods or technology are available from foreign sources so that the requirement of a validated license does not achieve its intended purpose, unless the absence of export controls would prove detrimental to the national security. Requires the Director to approve any application for a validated license for the export of goods or technology to a country which meets the application requirements if the Director determines sufficiently comparable goods or technology are available from foreign sources. Requires a finding of foreign availability to be based on reliable evidence (uncorroborated representations by license applicants are not sufficient). Declares that a technology or good subject to national security export controls which is not possessed by a nation or combination of nations threatening to national security may not be deemed to be available from foreign sources until the Secretary of State verifies that negotiations with the foreign sources have been undertaken. Directs the President to negotiate with governments of countries possessing such technologies or goods to prevent them from becoming available to hostile countries. Requires the Director to establish within the Office a capability to monitor the foreign availability of goods or technology subject to export controls under this Act. Requires the National Security Control Agency and other Federal agencies responsible for export controls to share information concerning foreign availability of such goods and technology if specified conditions are met. Requires the Director to appoint technical advisory committees to advise and assist the Director, the Secretary, and other Federal agencies in carrying out the national security export control policy. Requires the Director to remove the requirement of a validated export license with respect to any goods or technology which a technical advisory committee certifies as being sufficiently available from foreign sources so that the requirement of a validated license does not achieve its purpose, unless the absence of export controls would prove detrimental to the national security. Directs the President to enter into negotiations with the governments participating in the group known as the Coordinating Committee to reach agreements: (1) to publish a list of items controlled for export by agreement of the Committee; (2) to hold periodic meetings to discuss export control policy issues; and (3) on more effective enforcement procedures. Requires U.S. nongovernmental entities, except certain schools, which enter into a commercial agreement with the government of a foreign country to which exports are restricted for national security purposes to report the agreement to the Director. Directs the Secretary of State to negotiate with other countries regarding their cooperation in restricting the export of goods and technology. Requires the Director to deny all further exports to any party or parties responsible for the diversion of U.S. exports to unauthorized uses, regardless of whether such goods or technology are available from sources outside the United States. Authorizes the Director to take other appropriate steps to deter further unauthorized use of the previously exported goods or technology. Requires the Director to take such action when there is reliable evidence that goods or technology which were exported subject to national security controls have been diverted to an unauthorized use or consignee in violation of an export license. Authorizes the President to impose export controls on any goods, technology, or other information subject to U.S. jurisdiction or exported by any person subject to U.S. jurisdiction to the extent necessary to further U.S. foreign policy or to fulfill U.S. international obligations. Terminates such controls after one year, unless extended by the President. Requires the Director to notify an applicant whenever the Director denies an export license for foreign policy reasons. Authorizes the Secretary of State to review any export license application for foreign policy reasons. Sets forth factors the President shall consider when imposing, expanding, or extending export controls for foreign policy reasons. Requires the Director to consult with affected U.S. industries before imposing foreign policy export controls. Requires the President to determine that reasonable efforts have been made to achieve the purposes of the controls through alternative means before resorting to export controls. Directs the President to consult with Congress before imposing any foreign policy export controls. Requires the President to notify Congress whenever the President imposes, expands, or extends foreign policy export controls. Declares that this Act does not authorize export controls on medicine or medical supplies. Prohibits the imposition of export controls, on food if they would cause measurable malnutrition, unless the President determines that: (1) those controls are necessary to protect national security interests; or (2) arrangements are insufficient to ensure that food will reach those in need. Requires Congress to be notified of findings concerning proposed export controls on food. Expresses the intent of Congress that the President not impose export controls on goods or technology if the effect of such exports would be to help meet basic human needs. Requires the President to try to conclude negotiations with appropriate foreign governments to secure the cooperation of such governments in controlling exports to countries to which U.S. foreign policy export controls apply. Declares that certain provisions of this Act shall not apply if foreign policy export controls are imposed to meet international obligations. Requires the Director and Secretary of State to notify the appropriate congressional committees before approving export licenses for goods or technology valued at more than $7,000,000 to countries which: (1) have repeatedly supported international terrorism; and (2) would benefit militarily or would have an enhanced ability to support international terrorism. Authorizes the Director to approve exports of crime control and detection instruments only pursuant to a validated export control license. Exempts certain countries from such requirements. Requires the Director to establish and maintain a foreign policy export control list as part of the commodity control list. Requires the list to be reviewed once every three years with respect to controls maintained cooperatively with other countries and annually with respect to other controls. Authorizes the President to impose export controls on goods subject to U.S. jurisdiction or exported by persons subject to U.S. jurisdiction where necessary to protect the domestic economy from short supplies. Requires export licenses for goods in short supply to be allocated on the basis of factors other than prior history of exportation. Requires the Director to publish notice in the Federal Register of short supply export controls and to elicit comments on the impact of such restrictions and the method of licensing used to implement them. Authorizes the imposition of export license fees. Directs the Secretary of Commerce to monitor exports and export contracts of goods when the volume of exports in relation to domestic supply contributes or may contribute to an increase in domestic prices or a domestic shortage and such price increase or shortage has or may have a serious adverse effect on the economy. Requires the results of the monitoring to be reported on a regular basis. Requires the Director to consult with the Secretary of Energy on whether monitoring or export controls are warranted with respect to energy-related materials. Authorizes any entity representative of an industry or a substantial segment of an industry which processes recyclable metallic materials with respect to which short supplies may have a significant adverse effect on the national economy to petition the Director to monitor the exports and/or impose export controls on such materials. Sets forth the procedure for making such petition. Requires the Director, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, to decide whether to impose monitoring or controls on such materials within 45 days of the end of the public hearings on such petition. Authorizes the Director to determine that a petition filed with respect to the same materials within six months after consideration of a prior petition does not merit complete consideration. Authorizes the Director to impose temporary monitoring or controls on such materials pending the final decision on whether to impose such monitoring or controls. Prohibits, with specified exceptions, exports of domestically produced crude oil transported by pipeline over the right-of-way granted pursuant to the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act, unless the President: (1) makes specified findings with respect to such exports, including that the exports protect the national interest; and (2) reports such findings to Congress and Congress adopts a concurrent resolution approving such exports. Authorizes the President to export oil to any country pursuant to a bilateral international oil supply agreement entered into before June 25, 1979, or to any country pursuant to the International Emergency Oil Sharing Plan of the International Energy Agency. Prohibits the export of refined petroleum products except pursuant to an export license. Requires the Director to notify Congress within five days of receiving an application for an export license for a refined petroleum product or residual fuel oil. Prohibits granting such a license earlier than 30 days after notifying Congress, unless the President certifies to Congress that the proposed export is vital to the national interest. Exempts from such prohibition certain exports to historical trading partners and exports of small amounts of refined petroleum products. Excludes from such export controls certain petroleum products refined from foreign crude oil in U.S. Foreign Trade Zones or in Guam unless the Director finds that such products are in short supply. Prohibits use of the authority to impose short supply export controls with respect to agricultural commodities without the approval of the Secretary of Agriculture. Prohibits the Secretary of Agriculture from approving such export controls if the supply of the commodity exceeds the requirements of the domestic economy except to the extent that the President determines that such exercise of authority is required to carry out national security policies or foreign policies. Authorizes, upon the approval of the Director in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture, the storage in the United States of agricultural commodities purchased by or for use in a foreign country. Provides that such commodities shall be free from any export controls that may be imposed to carry out short supply export controls. Prohibits the Director from granting such approval unless specified conditions are met. Requires the President to report to Congress on any export controls imposed on agricultural commodities for foreign policy or short supply reasons. Terminates such controls if the Congress adopts, within 30 days, a concurrent resolution disapproving them. Authorizes the Director to exempt barter agreements from any export quotas imposed to carry out the policy on short supplies, if the Director makes certain findings. Requires a validated license for the export of unprocessed western red cedar logs harvested from State or Federal lands. Requires the Director to impose export quotas on unprocessed western red cedar logs during the three years beginning on the effective date of the Export Administration Act of 1979. Prohibits any exports of such logs at the end of the three year period. Requires the Director to allocate export licenses for such logs. Prohibits the export by sea of horses, unless the Director waives the prohibition after determining that the horses are not being exported for slaughter. Directs the President to issue regulations prohibiting any U.S. person from taking or knowingly agreeing to take certain actions with intent to comply with or support a foreign boycott against a country which is friendly to the United States and which is not the object of a U.S. boycott. Lists the actions to be prohibited by such regulations and exceptions to the prohibitions. Requires the regulations issued under the foreign policy export controls provisions to supplement other regulations issued by the President against supporting foreign boycotts. Requires such regulations to require U.S. persons who are asked to comply with a foreign boycott to report that fact, and any other necessary information, to the Director. Provides that these provisions preempt all other laws or regulations pertaining to foreign boycotts. Sets forth the procedures for obtaining hardship relief from export controls. Permits petitions to be filed with the Director by any person who has historically imported goods from the United States or who has historically exported such goods. Requires the Director to notify the petitioner of a grant or denial of such relief within 30 days of receipt of the petition. Sets forth factors to be considered in deciding whether to grant or deny such relief, including the effect of granting such relief upon the basic objectives of the short supply control program. Sets forth the procedures for processing export license applications. Requires all export license applications required under this Act to be submitted to the Director. Expresses the intent of Congress that, to the maximum extent possible, the Director shall make the determinations with respect to such applications without referring to other agencies. Requires such agencies to cooperate with the Director when the Director seeks their assistance. Requires the Director to complete initial screening of an application within ten days. Requires the Director to deny or grant a license within 90 days if there is no need to refer the application to another agency. Requires the Director to refer the application to other agencies, if necessary, within 30 days of submission. Requires the agency to review the application and submit its recommendation within 30 days of receiving it. Authorizes granting the agency an additional 30 days to review the application. Requires the Director to grant or deny a license within 90 days of receiving the recommendation of other agencies. Authorizes the Director to take more than 90 days if the application is of exceptional importance and complexity. Authorizes the Secretary of Defense, notwithstanding any other provisions of the law, to review proposed exports of goods or technology to any country to which exports are controlled for national security purposes. Authorizes the Secretary to recommend to the President that such exports be disapproved if they would militarily benefit such country to the detriment of the security of the United States. Requires the President to report to Congress whenever the President modifies or overrules a recommendation of the Secretary of Defense with respect to the export of goods controlled for national security purposes. Prohibits issuing an export license for an article subject to multilateral controls until after the multilateral review. Requires a license approved by the Director to be issued if the multilateral review is not completed within 60 days, unless the Director determines that the license would prove detrimental to U.S. national security. Requires the Director to notify Congress and the applicant of such determination, the reasons for it, the reasons the multilateral review was not concluded, and the actions planned to secure the conclusion of the multilateral review. Sets forth the procedures to be followed to appeal the denial of a license. Sets forth civil and criminal penalties for violations of this Act. Sets forth the powers of agencies to investigate possible violations of this Act. Provides for protecting the confidentiality of information submitted in compliance with this Act. Requires the Director to try to simplify regulations issued under this Act and the commodity control list. Exempts the functions exercised under this Act from certain provisions relating to administrative procedure and judicial review. Expresses the intent of the Congress that there be public participation in the formation of regulations issued under this Act. Requires the Director to submit an annual report to Congress on the administration of this Act. Sets forth information to be detailed in such report, including a report on the need to impose export controls other than those subject to multilateral controls or more stringent than the multilateral controls. Transfers to the Office of Strategic Trade the functions and authorities of the State Department's Office of East-West Trade with respect to the munitions list and such other functions and authorities as the Director, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, determine to be appropriate. Requires the President to coordinate the authority granted to the President under this Act with the authority provided for the control of arms exports under the Arms Export Control Act. Makes certain civil aircraft equipment which is to be exported to a country other than a controlled country subject to export controls exclusively under this Act. Requires export license applications which are ordinarily referred to the Subgroup on Nuclear Export Coordination or some other interagency group to be governed by the provisions relating to foreign boycotts only to the extent that the foreign boycott provisions are consistent with the procedure published pursuant to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978. Supersedes the Mutual Defense Assistance Control Act on October 1, 1979. Requires authorizing legislation before any appropriation can be made to the Commerce Department for expenses to carry out this Act. Authorizes appropriations to the Defense Department to carry out this Act for FY 1984 through 1987.
United States · United States Congress · 3 February 1983
Respect Human Life Act of 1983 - Prohibits Federal involvement in the performance of abortions, except when the life of the mother would be endangered if the child were carried to term. Includes the following activities within the scope of this prohibition: (1) performance of an abortion by a Federal agency; (2) use of appropriated funds to perform or reimburse or refer for abortions; (3) promotion or assistance in the performance of abortions abroad; (4) contracting for insurance which pays or reimburses for abortions; (5) discrimination against an individual on the basis of that person's opposition to abortions; and (6) the withholding from a handicapped infant of nutritional sustenance, medical or surgical treatment by an institution receiving Federal assistance. Provides for expedited Supreme Court review of State laws restricting abortions or infanticide whenever such laws have been invalidated by a lower court.
United States · United States Congress · 2 February 1983
Amends the Clayton Act to permit any person liable for damages for price-fixing to claim contribution from co-conspirators for the share of such damages attributable to their sales or purchases of goods and services. Declares that a release or covenant not to sue or enforce a judgment received in settlement by one conspirator shall not discharge any co-conspirators from liability, unless expressly provided. Directs the court to reduce the claim against the co-conspirators subject to liability by the greatest of: (1) the amount stipulated by such release or covenant; (2) the amount paid in settlement; or (3) treble the actual damages attributable to the settling person's sales or purchases of goods or services. Declares that a settlement shall release the recipient from liability from contribution, unless it is not consummated. Applies such claim reduction principle to price-fixing actions pending upon enactment of this Act if the court determines that it would be inequitable not to do so. Prohibits the modification of a settlement that has been signed before enactment of this Act because of the application of such principle.
United States · United States Congress · 1 February 1983
In-Flight Medical Emergencies Act - Directs the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration to issue final rules requiring passenger-carrying aircraft of 30 seats or more to carry medical supplies, drugs, and equipment for the temporary treatment of in-flight emergencies. Provides relief from State or Federal civil liability for any licensed medical personnel or air carrier employee who renders emergency medical aid on an airplane or who continues such aid until arrival at a medical facility. Extends such relief to an airplane's crew and owner or operator for providing on-board emergency medical supplies.
United States · United States Congress · 31 January 1983
Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to allow a credit against the tax imposed on the estate of a named individual for the conveyance by such individual's estate of specified real property located in Nevada for addition to the Toiyabe National Forest.
United States · United States Congress · 31 January 1983
Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to allow a credit against the estate tax imposed on the estate of a named individual for the conveyance to the United States of real property located within or adjacent to the Toiyabe National Forest.
United States · United States Congress · 31 January 1983
Permits the use of specified appropriations to pay the claims of certain Indian tribes for expenses incurred by such tribes for community impact planning activities relating to the potential deployment of the MX missile system.
United States · United States Congress · 27 January 1983
Bail Reform Act of 1983 - Repeals the Bail Reform Act of 1966 and sets forth new bail procedures. Retains execution of a money bond as a condition for pretrial release. Authorizes a judicial officer to consider the safety of any person or the community when making a pretrial release determination. Establishes as a mandatory release condition that the person not commit a Federal, State, or local crime during release. Expands the discretionary release conditions to include that the defendant: (1) maintain employment or an educational program; (2) avoid contact with an alleged victim or potential witness; (3) report to a law enforcement or pretrial service agency; (4) comply with a curfew; (5) refrain from possessing a firearm or using alcohol or narcotic drugs; (6) undergo medical treatment; (7) agree to forfeit designated property, including money, upon failure to appear; and (8) return to custody at specified hours. Prohibits a judicial officer from imposing financial conditions that result in the pretrial detention of a person. Authorizes a judicial officer to order the detention for up to ten days of a person who is presently on pretrial release for a felony under Federal, State, or local law or on probation or parole or release pending sentencing or appeal for any offense, upon a determination that such person may flee or pose a danger to any person or the community, or for deportation or exclusion purposes. Requires that a detention hearing be held in any case involving: (1) a crime of violence; (2) any offense punishable by life imprisonment or death; (3) a narcotics offense punishable by at least ten years' imprisonment; (4) any felony committed after the person has been convicted of two or more offenses for which a hearing is mandated; or (5) upon motion that a serious risk of flight or obstruction of justice exists. Authorizes a judicial officer after such a hearing to order the pretrial detention of a person upon finding that no condition will reasonably assure such person's appearance and the safety of any other person and the community. Creates certain rebuttable presumptions with regard to absence of such conditions. Enumerates additional factors to be considered by the judicial officer in making a release determination, including the defendant's past conduct, history of drug or alcohol abuse, criminal history, and the nature and seriousness of the danger to the community or any person. Directs the Attorney General to promulgate regulations governing custody of persons detained pending trial. Requires the detention of a person who has appealed his conviction unless the judicial officer finds by clear and convincing evidence that: (1) such person is not likely to flee or pose a danger to another person or property; and (2) the appeal raises a substantial question of law or fact. Requires the detention of a person awaiting sentencing unless the officer finds by clear and convincing evidence that the person is not likely to flee or pose a danger to any other person or the community. Authorizes a U.S. attorney to appeal a release order. Makes a person guilty of an offense for failing to appear after having been released. Provides increased penalties for persons charged with more serious offenses. Makes it an affirmative defense to such crime that uncontrollable circumstances prevented the person from appearing. Establishes mandatory additional penalties for commission of an offense while on pretrial release. Subjects a person who has been conditionally released and violates a condition of release to revocation of release and prosecution for contempt of court. Authorizes a surety to arrest a person charged with an offense who is released upon execution of an appearance bond with such surety. Requires such person to be delivered promptly to a judicial officer for a revocation determination. Grants new authority to law enforcement officers to arrest a person who violates pretrial release conditions.
United States · United States Congress · 27 January 1983
Federal Anti-Tampering Act - Amends the Federal criminal code to make it a Federal offense to maliciously cause or attempt to cause injury or death to any person, or injury to any business' reputation, by adulterating a food, drug, cosmetic or other product. Provides for a prison term of up to 20 years and a fine of up to $20,000 if personal injury results, or a prison term of up to life if death results. Establishes a separate offense, with similar penalties, for any person who willfully or maliciously conveys false information concerning an attempt at such adulteration, if injury, fear of injury or death results, or if a governmental or commercial recall occurs.
United States · United States Congress · 27 January 1983
Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to mint and issue coins of the United States in two specified series in quantities necessary to meet public demand. Directs the Secretary to sell such coins directly to the public and to numismatic coin dealers and retailers for resale to the public at not less than the fair market value of their silver content on the day before the sale, plus the costs of minting, distributing, promoting, and marketing the coins. Requires deposit of the net proceeds of such sales in the National Defense Stockpile Transaction Fund after the deduction of costs incurred by the Secretary. Limits the aggregate amount of silver in the National Defense Stockpile which may be used to mint the two specified coin series. Declares that disposals of silver from the National Defense Stockpile shall be conducted during calendar years 1984, 1985 and 1986.
United States · United States Congress · 26 January 1983
Housing Finance Opportunity Act of 1983 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to permit the continued issuance of mortgage revenue bonds after December 31, 1983.
United States · United States Congress · 26 January 1983
Declares that for the purposes of the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment of the Constitution, each human life exists from conception without regard to race, sex, age, health, defect, or conditions of dependency, and that "person" includes all human beings. Recognizes the compelling interest of each State to protect the lives of those whom the State regards as human beings, independent of the status of unborn children under the fourteenth amendment. Eliminates inferior Federal court jurisdiction to issue any order in any case involving a State or local law that: (1) protects the rights of persons between conception and birth; or (2) limits or regulates abortion or provides funding or other assistance for abortions. Declares that this shall not deprive the Supreme Court of the authority to render appropriate relief in any case.
United States · United States Congress · 26 January 1983
Record Rental Amendment of 1983 - Prohibits the owner of a particular phonorecord of a sound recording from renting, leasing, or lending such recording for commercial advantage unless authorized to do so by the copyright owner.
United States · United States Congress · 26 January 1983
Amends the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act to increase the acreage of the following preserves in Alaska (thereby easing restrictions on hunting on certain lands): (1) the Katmai National Preserve; (2) the Gates of the Arctic National Preserve; (3) the Noatak National Preserve; (4) the Lake Clark National Preserve; (5) the Wrangell-Saint Elias National Preserve; (6) the Denali National Preserve; (7) the Kenai Fjords National Preserve; (8) the Glacier Bay National Preserve; and (9) the Aniakchak National Preserve.
United States · United States Congress · 26 January 1983
Establishes the Presidential Commission on the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution. Requires the Commission to: (1) plan and develop appropriate activities to commemorate the bicentennial of the Constitution; (2) encourage private organizations, and State and local governments to organize and participate in bicentennial activities; (3) coordinate activities throughout all the States; and (4) serve as a clearinghouse for the collection and dissemination of bicentennial information. Directs the Commission to seek assistance from private and governmental agencies and organizations. Requires the Commission to submit a report of its recommendations to the President, Congress and the Judicial Conference within two years of enactment of this Act and annually until its termination. Terminates the Commission on December 31, 1989. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1983 and such sums as necessary through FY 1989.
United States · United States Congress · 26 January 1983
Declares that for the purposes of the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment of the Constitution, each human life exists from conception without regard to race, sex, age, health, defect, or conditions of dependency, and that "person" includes all human beings. Recognizes the compelling interest of each State to protect the lives of those whom the State regards as human beings, independent of the status of unborn children under the fourteenth amendment. Eliminates inferior Federal court jurisdiction to issue any order in any case involving a State or local law that: (1) protects the rights of persons between conception and birth; or (2) limits or regulates abortion or provides funding or other assistance for abortions. Declares that this shall not deprive the Supreme Court of the authority to render appropriate relief in any case.
United States · United States Congress · 26 January 1983
Social Security Amendments of 1983 - Title I: Changes in Coverage - Amends title II (Old Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance) of the Social Security Act and the Internal Revenue Code to provide mandatory coverage under the Old Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance program as of January 1, 1984, for new Federal employees, members of Congress, the President, the Vice President, and employees of nonprofit organizations. Prohibits the termination of State coverage agreements (under which State and local government employees may be covered under title II) on or after the enactment of this Act. Makes such prohibition applicable to any agreements in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act, notwithstanding pending termination notices. (Currently, coverage under such an agreement may be terminated if the State gives two years' written notice of such intent, following at least five years of coverage of the State or local group involved.) Title II: Changes in Benefits - Provides that the automatic cost of living adjustment in OASDI benefits shall be provided on a calendar year basis beginning in 1984. Provides that OASDI beneficiaries who become eligible for a pension based on non-covered employment after 1983 shall have their old-age or disability (but not survivors) benefits reduced. Prohibits the reduction of an individual's primary insurance amount below the minimum primary insurance amount under current law. Permits the continued payment of OASDI benefits to: (1) surviving divorced spouses who remarry after age 60; (2) disabled widows and disabled widowers who remarry after age 50; and (3) diabled surviving divorced wives who remarry after age 50. Provides that in the case of deferred survivor benefits, the primary insurance amount of the deceased individual shall be determined, for benefit computation purposes, as if the deceased individual died in the year in which the beneficiary first became eligible for such benefits or in the year in which the deceased individual would have reached age 60, whichever is earlier. Makes wife's insurance benefits payable to divorced wives at age 62 in the case of wives who have been divorced for at least two years if the former husband is eligible for retirement benefits (regardless of whether such benefits have been applied for). Provides that the amount of the benefit for such a divorced wife shall be determined without regard to reductions which may be made because of the former husband's excess earnings. Increases the benefit amount for disabled widows and widowers to 71.5 percent of the primary insurance amount. Provides for a decrease in the cost of living adjustments to OASDI benefits, beginning in 1988, whenever the reserves in the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund and in the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund fall below a certain amount, calculated as of January 1 of each year. Requires the payment of additional benefits to beneficiaries when the reserves in the trust funds have increased above a certain amount. Provides for a gradual increase in the delayed retirement credit received by workers who delay retirement beyond age 65. Makes the increase in such credit effective for workers who reach age 65 in 1990 and thereafter. Title III: Revenue Provisions - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to include one-half of an individual's OASDI benefits in adjusted gross income if the individual's other adjusted gross income exceeds: (1) $20,000 in the case of a single taxpayer or married taxpayer filing separately; (2) $25,000 in the case of a joint return; and (3) zero in the case of a married taxpayer who does not file a joint return and who does not live apart from his or her spouse at all times during the taxable year. Requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services to file information returns indicating: (1) the aggregate amount of beneifts paid to any individual during a calendar year; and (2) such individual's name and address. Requires that such information be furnished to the individuals named in the returns. Appropriates to the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund and to the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund the revenues generated under this title for each fiscal year, beginning in FY 1984. Revises the OASDI tax rates on employees and employers so as to: (1) increase the tax rate for 1984; (2) keep the current tax rate for 1985 through 1987; and (3) increase the tax rate for 1988-1989. Allows a refundable tax credit for employees for OASDI tax increases attributable to this title for calendar year 1984. Requires employers to make advance payments of such tax credit to their employees. Increases the OASDI tax rate on self-employment income for taxable years 1984 through 1990. Allows self-employed individuals an income tax deduction of 50 percent of the OASDI taxes paid on self-employment income, beginning in 1984. Includes in taxable wages for purposes of OASDI and hospital insurance taxes those salary reductions made under qualified cash or deferred arrangement plans of employers. Title IV: Miscellaneous Financing Provisions - Amends title II of the Social Security Act to revise the allocations of wages and self-employment income from the Treasury to the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund beginning in 1984. Extends until January 1988 the authority for borrowing among the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund, the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund, and the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund whenever the Managing Trustee of the trust funds determines that additional funds are needed to pay benefits from one of the funds. (Currently, interfund borrowing is authorized through December 31, 1982.) Requires the Secretary of the Treasury to credit the appropriate title II trust fund with the amount of all social security benefit checks issued under title II which have not been negotiated within 12 months after issuance. Authorizes appropriations to reimburse the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund and the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund for the total amount of unnegotiated benefit checks as of the enactment of this Act. Provides for a transfer, within 30 days after enactment of this Act, to each of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund, the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund, and the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund of amounts equal to: (1) the estimated cost of providing future benefits based on pre-1957 military wage credits; and (2) the taxes plus interest that would have been collected if credits for military service after 1956 had been taxed as they were earned (less any reimbursements already received). Amends title II and title XVIII (Medicare) of the Social Security Act to establish the following accounts in the Treasury: (1) the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Depositary Account; (2) the Disability Insurance Depositary Account; and (3) the Hospital Insurance Depositary Account. Requires the Managing Trustee of the social security trust funds to deposit the portions of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund, the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund, and the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund that are not required to meet current withdrawals from such funds into the corresponding depositary accounts so established. Revises investment requirements with respect to trust fund assets deposited in such accounts. Requires the addition of two members of the public from different political parties to the Board of Trustees of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund, the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund, the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund, and the Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund.
United States · United States Congress · 26 January 1983
Amends title II (Old Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance) of the Social Security Act to define "retirement age" to mean: (1) 65 years of age in the case of an individual who reaches the "early retirement age" (age 62 in the case of old-age, wife's, or husband's benefits and age 60 in the case of widow's or widower's benefits) before January 1, 2000; and (2) 65 years of age plus the number of months in the "age increase factor" for the year in which an individual reaches the "early retirement age" in the case of an individual who reaches the "early retirement age" after December 31, 1999. Provides for the determination of the number of months in the "age increase factor" for individuals who reach the "early retirement age" in the year 2000 and thereafter. Requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services to periodically revise the reduction factors for early retirement benefits.
United States · United States Congress · 26 January 1983
Constitutional Amendment - Establishes a Commission to fix the annual rate of pay for Members of Congress on July 1 of each even-numbered year to take effect on the 3rd of January of the next calendar year.
United States · United States Congress · 26 January 1983
Constitutional Amendment - Requires Congress, prior to each fiscal year, to adopt a statement of receipts and outlays for that year in which total outlays are no greater than total receipts. Permits Congress in such statement to provide for a specific excess of outlays over receipts by a three-fifths vote directed solely to that subject. Prohibits total receipts for any fiscal year set forth in such statement from increasing by a rate greater than the rate of increase in national income in the last calendar year ending before such fiscal year, unless Congress passes a bill directed solely to approving specific additional receipts and such bill has become law. Permits Congress to waive the provisions of this Act with respect to any fiscal year in which a declaration of war is in effect. Declares that total receipts shall include all receipts of the United States, except those derived from borrowing and total outlays shall include all outlays of the United States except those for repayment of debt principal.
United States · United States Congress · 26 January 1983
Constitutional Amendment - Declares that the right to life is the paramount and most fundamental right of a person. States that for the purposes of the fifth and fourteenth amendments to the Constitution, the word "person" applies to all human beings without regard to age, health, function, or condition of dependency. Declares that no unborn person shall be deprived of life by any person, but permits a law allowing justification to be shown for medical procedures required to prevent the death of the pregnant woman or her unborn offspring, if this law requires every reasonable effort to be made to preserve the life of each.
United States · United States Congress · 26 January 1983
Constitutional Amendment - Declares that the right to life is the paramount and most fundamental right of a person. States that for the purposes of the fifth and fourteenth amendments to the Constitution, the word "person" applies to all human beings without regard to age, health, function, or condition of dependency. Declares that no unborn person shall be deprived of life by any person, but permits a law allowing justification to be shown for medical procedures required to prevent the death of the pregnant woman or her unborn offspring, if this law requires every reasonable effort to be made to preserve the life of each.
United States · United States Congress · 26 January 1983
Constitutional Amendment - Defines "person" to include the unborn for the purpose of the right to life guarantee. Makes such amendment inapplicable to laws permitting medical procedures required to prevent the death of the mother.
United States · United States Congress · 10 December 1982
Expresses the sense of the Congress that the national security policy should reflect a national strategy of peace through strength. Sets forth the principles and goals of such a policy.
United States · United States Congress · 6 December 1982
Amends the Internal Revenue Code to exempt from the windfall profit tax economic interests in crude oil held by charitable organizations which provide medical care to patients with lengthly or terminal illnesses or which provide financial assistance to medical research.
United States · United States Congress · 3 December 1982
Reaffirms the commitment of Congress to locating and repatriating Americans unaccounted for in Southeast Asia. Expresses congressional appreciation to the Lao Government for its expressed willingness to help. Supports the President's actions to locate and return missing Americans. Urges the President to respond to the indicated willingness of the Lao Government to cooperate in this effort.
United States · United States Congress · 30 November 1982
Federal Anti-Tampering Act - Amends the Federal criminal code to make it a Federal offense to maliciously cause or attempt to cause injury or death to any person, or injury to any business' reputation, by adulterating a food, drug, cosmetic or other product. Provides for a prison term of up to 20 years and a fine of up to $20,000 if personal injury results, or a prison term of up to life if death results. Establishes a separate offense, with similar penalties, for any person who willfully or maliciously conveys false information concerning an attempt at such adulteration, if injury or death results.
United States · United States Congress · 1 October 1982
Title I: Armed Forces, Soldiers' Home, Coast Guard, Lighthouse Service, and Merchant Marine - Amends Federal Military laws dealing with the Army, the Navy, the Air Force, and the Coast Guard to eliminate gender-based distinctions. Title II: Elimination of Gender-Based Distinctions Under the Old Age, Surviviors, and Disability Insurance Program, Railroad Retirement and the Work Incentive Program - Eliminates gender-based distinctions in the social security and railroad retirement programs. Title III: Amendments to United States Code - Amends the Immigration and Nationality Act, the Walsh-Healey Act, the Child Nutrition Act of 1966, the Federal Criminal Code and other Acts dealing with Indian affairs, transportation, public lands and provisions relating to Saint Elizabeth Hospital and contract law to eliminate gender-based distinctions.
United States · United States Congress · 1 October 1982
Designates 1983 as the "Tricentennial Anniversary Year of German Settlement in America". Expresses congressional support for the President's Youth Exchange Initiative, and especially the concept of a United States-German teenage exchange sponsored by the Congress and the West German Bundestag.
United States · United States Congress · 30 September 1982
Amends the Internal Revenue Code to provide that in the case of accrual method taxpayers: (1) a debt owed to the taxpayer shall not be included in the income of such taxpayer and (2) a debt owed by the taxpayer shall not be deductible from the income of such taxpayer unless such debt is enforceable under the laws of the State in which it was incurred or unless such debt is paid.
United States · United States Congress · 30 September 1982
Permits the use of specified appropriations to pay the claims of certain Indian tribes for expenses incurred by such tribes for community impact planning activities relating to the potential deployment of the MX missile system.
United States · United States Congress · 30 September 1982
Declares that it should be U.S. policy to: (1) support the people of Afghanistan in their struggle to be free from foreign domination; (2) provide the Afghans, upon request, with material assistance; and (3) pursue a negotiated settlement of the war in Afghanistan based on the total withdrawal of Soviet troops and the recognition of the right of the Afghans to choose their own destiny.
United States · United States Congress · 17 September 1982
Amends the Davis-Bacon Act to direct the Secretary of Labor to base the determination of the wages prevailing for the classes of laborers, mechanics, and helpers corresponding to workers under a Federal contract upon: (1) the wage paid to 50 percent or more of such corresponding classes of laborers, mechanics, and helpers employed doing work similar to the Federal contract work in the urban or rural civil subdivision of the State in which the contract work is to be performed; or (2) the weighted average of wages paid such classes of workers, if the same wage is not paid to 50 percent or more of such workers. Raises the minimum amount of any Federal contract to which such Act applies from $2,000 to $100,000. Adds "helpers" to the list of workers to whom such Act applies.
United States · United States Congress · 14 September 1982
Amends the Federal criminal code to make it an affirmative defense to a Federal prosecution that at the time of the offense the defendant, as a result of mental disease or defect, lacked entirely the ability to understand the nature and the quality of his acts and to distinguish right from wrong. Places the burden of proving insanity on the defendant. Requires the court to hold a hearing to determine the present mental condition of the defendant. Directs the court to commit such person to the custody of the Attorney General upon a finding by a preponderance of the evidence that the person is presently suffering from a mental disease or defect, rendering him mentally incompetent. Directs the Attorney General to hospitalize such person in a suitable facility. Provides that when the defendant has recovered and is able to understand the nature and consequences of the proceedings against him, the court will order his release and set a date for trial. Authorizes a special verdict of "not guilty only by reason of insanity" for any criminal defendant who raises the issue of insanity by notice as provided by Rule 12 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. Provides for the hospitalization of persons found not guilty only by reason of insanity, convicted persons, imprisoned persons, and persons due for release who are found to suffer from mental disease or defect. Allows for discharge when such person is found to have recovered. Requires reimprisonment of any such person for whom a term of prison sentence has not yet expired.
![Official portrait of Sen. Laxalt, Paul D. [R-NV]](https://www.congress.gov/img/member/l000148_200.jpg)