United States · United States Congress · 9 March 2023
Protecting Critical Ecosystems and Military Readiness in Florida Act of 2023 This bill prohibits the Department of the Air Force from entering into an agreement that would provide for or permit the joint use of Homestead Air Reserve Base in Homestead, Florida, by the Air Force and civil aircraft.
United States · United States Congress · 9 March 2023
No Taxpayer Funding for Health Centers Providing Abortion Act This bill prohibits grants that are awarded by the Health Resources and Services Administration through the Health Center Program from being used to provide an abortion unless the abortion is necessary to save the life of the mother. (The Health Center Program supports the operations and activities of health centers that primarily provide preventative and primary care to low-income individuals and other medically underserved populations.)
United States · United States Congress · 8 March 2023
This joint resolution nullifies the final rule submitted by the Department of Homeland Security titled Public Charge Ground of Inadmissibility and published on September 9, 2022. The 2022 final rule nullified an August 14, 2019, final rule. The 2019 final rule made it more likely that a non-U.S. national ( alien under federal law) would be denied admission or lawful permanent resident status because that individual is likely to become a public charge (i.e., receive certain public benefits). This joint resolution restores into effect the nullified 2019 final rule.
United States · United States Congress · 8 March 2023
Working Dog Commemorative Coin Act This bill directs the Department of the Treasury to mint and issue 50,000 $5 gold coins, 500,000 $1 silver coins, and 750,000 half-dollar clad coins in commemoration of the service that working dogs provide to society. The designs of the coins minted under this bill shall be emblematic of the contributions of working dogs to society, including in detection, military service, therapy, and assistance. Treasury may issue coins only during the one-year period beginning on January 1, 2025. All sales of coins shall include a surcharge, which shall be paid to America's VetDogs for general expenses associated with the fulfillment of its mission.
United States · United States Congress · 8 March 2023
Freedom To Invest in Tomorrow's Workforce Act This bill allows the use of funds in a qualified tuition program (commonly known as a 529 account) to pay for expenses associated with obtaining or maintaining recognized postsecondary credentials.
United States · United States Congress · 8 March 2023
Reduce Exacerbated Inflation Negatively Impacting the Nation Act This bill requires the Office of Management and Budget and the Council of Economic Advisers to provide an inflation estimate for each executive order that is projected to cause an annual gross budgetary or economic effect of at least $1 million. The estimate must determine whether the executive order will have no significant impact on inflation, a quantifiable inflationary impact on the Consumer Price Index or the Producer Price Index, or a significant impact on inflation that cannot be quantified at the time the estimate is prepared. The estimate must also (1) incorporate the inflationary impact of the debt servicing costs associated with the executive order; and (2) take into account the spending patterns of military personnel and of residents of non-metropolitan areas, including rural areas and farm households. The requirements do not apply to executive orders that (1) provide for emergency assistance or relief at the request of any state or local government or an official of the government, or (2) are necessary for national security or the ratification or implementation of international treaty obligations.
United States · United States Congress · 8 March 2023
Drug Cartel Terrorist Designation Act This bill requires the Department of State to designate four specified Mexican drug cartels as foreign terrorist organizations. (Among other things, such a designation allows the Department of the Treasury to require financial institutions to block transactions involving the organization.) The bill also requires the State Department to designate other Mexican drug cartels, or factions of such cartels, as foreign terrorist organizations if they meet certain criteria.
United States · United States Congress · 7 March 2023
GAO Database Modernization Act of 2023 This bill requires federal agencies to report to the Government Accountability Office certain information about agency rules that are made ineffective due to an agency action or other reason.
United States · United States Congress · 7 March 2023
Safe Social Media Act This bill requires a study on the use of social media platforms among individuals under age 18. A social media platform is a public-facing website, internet application, or mobile internet application (e.g., social network, search engine, or email service) with at least 30 million active monthly users in the United States. The Federal Trade Commission must coordinate with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to carry out the study, and the study must address matters such as frequency of usage, mental health effects linked to such usage, and policy recommendations.
United States · United States Congress · 7 March 2023
Data and Algorithm Transparency Agreement Act or the DATA Act This bill requires certain internet platforms (e.g., large websites and social networks) that use algorithms for suggesting content to obtain express consent from their users before collecting or sharing their personal data. These platforms must notify users of this requirement. The notice must include specified information, including the type of data collected and the names of any third parties with which the data is shared. The bill provides for enforcement by the Federal Trade Commission and a private right of action against a violator of the bill.
United States · United States Congress · 7 March 2023
VSO Equal Tax Treatment Act or the VETT Act This bill expands the deductibility of charitable contributions to all federally-chartered tax-exempt organizations serving current and former members of the Armed Forces.
United States · United States Congress · 7 March 2023
Taylor Force Martyr Payment Prevention Act of 2023 This bill expands the institutional factors the Department of the Treasury must consider when making a finding that a foreign financial institution is of primary money laundering concern and is therefore subject to special measures, including the prohibition of opening or maintaining correspondent accounts in U.S financial institutions. Specifically, Treasury must consider (1) the extent to which an institution knowingly provides financial services to Hamas, or to an agent of Hamas; and (2) the extent to which an institution, transaction, or type of account is used to facilitate or promote payments for certain acts of terrorism against U.S. and Israeli citizens.
United States · United States Congress · 2 March 2023
Everett Alvarez, Jr., Congressional Gold Medal Act of 2023 This bill provides for the award of a Congressional Gold Medal to Everett Alvarez, Jr. in recognition of his service to the United States.
United States · United States Congress · 2 March 2023
Fair Removal of Existing and Enforced Bans on Immunization Relating to Destination Act or the FREEBIRD Act This bill nullifies the order issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) titled Amended Order Implementing Presidential Proclamation on Advancing the Safe Resumption of Global Travel During the COVID-19 Pandemic and published on April 7, 2022. (The order restricts the entry of noncitizens who are not immigrants into the United States by air travel unless they are fully vaccinated against COVID-19 or otherwise attest that they will take public health measures to prevent the spread of the disease.) The bill also nullifies any successor or subsequent orders that require foreign persons traveling by air to show proof of a COVID-19 vaccination as a condition of entry and prohibits the use of federal funds to administer or enforce such a requirement. However, the bill does not affect the CDC order published on January 5, 2023, that governs COVID-19 testing or documentation of COVID-19 recovery for certain individuals traveling from China to the United States by aircraft. In addition, the CDC must report to Congress about the number of visitors who were denied entry into the United States from April 7, 2022, until the date of the bill's enactment.
United States · United States Congress · 2 March 2023
ATF Transparency Act This bill modifies procedural requirements related to the transfer or making of firearms that are subject to regulation under the National Firearms Act (e.g., machine guns, short-barreled shotguns, and silencers). The bill permits the transfer of a firearm if 90 days have elapsed since the application to transfer the firearm was filed, and the application has not been denied. Additionally, the bill establishes an administrative relief process with respect to an application to transfer that is denied. The bill permits the making of a firearm if 90 days have elapsed since the application to make the firearm was filed, and the application has not been denied. Finally, the bill requires reports on firearms-related background check inquiries that remain unresolved after 90 days and the percentage of firearms-related background check inquiries related to the transfer of a firearm that were administered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
United States · United States Congress · 2 March 2023
Crucial Communism Teaching Act This bill directs the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation to develop a civic education curriculum and oral history resources for high school students to promote understanding of certain political ideologies (e.g., communism and totalitarianism) that conflict with principles of U.S. democracy.
United States · United States Congress · 2 March 2023
Title X Abortion Provider Prohibition Act This bill prohibits the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) from awarding family planning grants to entities that perform abortions or provide funding to other entities that perform abortions. To receive a grant, an entity must certify it will refrain from those activities during the grant period. The bill provides exceptions for abortions (1) in cases of rape or incest; or (2) when the life of the woman is in danger due to a physical disorder, injury, or illness. It also exempts hospitals unless they provide funds to non-hospital entities that provide abortions. HHS must report annually on this prohibition.
United States · United States Congress · 1 March 2023
COVID-19 Origin Act of 2023 This bill requires the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) to declassify all information relating to potential links between the Wuhan Institute of Virology and the origin of COVID-19. The ODNI must submit to Congress an unclassified report with all such information with redactions only as necessary to protect sources and methods.
United States · United States Congress · 1 March 2023
Fight Inflation Through Balanced Budgets Act This bill establishes points of order that may be raised in the Senate against (1) budget resolutions that do not include a balanced budget; and (2) provisions that would cause the total amount of appropriations for a program, project, or activity to exceed the authorized amount. The bill also limits waivers of budget points of order in the Senate, including by prohibiting (1) waiving multiple points of order against a measure using a single motion, and (2) waiving a point of order that has not been specifically raised by a Senator.
United States · United States Congress · 1 March 2023
This resolution recognizes that (1) large deficits are unsustainable, irresponsible, and dangerous; (2) the acceptance of Modern Monetary Theory will lead to higher deficits and higher inflation; and (3) it is the duty of the Senate to abandon the theory.
United States · United States Congress · 1 March 2023
Military Spouse Hiring Act This bill expands the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) to include the hiring of a qualified military spouse. (The WOTC permits employers who hire individuals who are members of a targeted group such as qualified veterans, ex-felons, or long-term unemployment recipients to claim a tax credit equal to a portion of the wages paid to those individuals.) A qualified military spouse is any individual who is certified by the designated local agency as being (as of the hiring date) a spouse of a member of the Armed Forces.
United States · United States Congress · 1 March 2023
No People's Liberation Army in Logistical Operations and Other Pertinent Humanitarian Operations Leading to Endangered Security Act or the No PLA LOOPHOLES Act This bill increases restrictions on military-to-military exchanges or contacts between the U.S. Armed Forces and the Chinese military. Specifically, the bill expands an existing prohibition on exchanges or contacts that include inappropriate exposure to advanced logistical operations to cover logistical operations instead. Additionally, the bill eliminates an exception to the prohibited exchanges or contacts in the case of search and rescue or humanitarian operations or exercises.
United States · United States Congress · 1 March 2023
CCP Visa Ban Act of 2023 This bill prohibits the Department of State from issuing certain visas to members of the Chinese Communist Party. Specifically, the bill prohibits the issuance of temporary visas for business (B-1 visas) or tourism (B-2 visas) to party members. Further, U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the Bureau of Consular Affairs must cancel any such unexpired visas that have been issued to party members.
United States · United States Congress · 1 March 2023
Sunshine Protection Act of 2023 This bill makes daylight saving time the new, permanent standard time. States with areas exempt from daylight saving time may choose the standard time for those areas.
United States · United States Congress · 1 March 2023
This resolution recognizes that the national debt is a threat to national security and that deficits are unsustainable, irresponsible, and dangerous. It also commits to (1) restoring regular order to the appropriations process, and (2) preventing the looming the fiscal crisis faced by the United States.
United States · United States Congress · 1 March 2023
Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2023 This bill generally prohibits school athletic programs from allowing individuals whose biological sex at birth was male to participate in programs that are for women or girls. Specifically, the bill provides that it is a violation of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 for federally funded education programs or activities to operate, sponsor, or facilitate athletic programs or activities that allow individuals of the male sex to participate in programs or activities that are designated for women or girls. (Title IX prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in federally funded education programs or activities, including in public elementary and secondary schools and in colleges and universities.) Under the bill, sex is based on an individual's reproductive biology and genetics at birth.
United States · United States Congress · 1 March 2023
American Space Commerce Act of 2023 This bill allows a special allowance for bonus depreciation for qualified domestic space launch property and extends the termination of such allowance until the end of 2032. The bill defines qualified domestic space launch property as property placed in service before January 1, 2033, that is (1) a space transportation vehicle or payload that is launched from the United States, or (2) other property or equipment placed in service to facilitate a space launch from the United States.
United States · United States Congress · 1 March 2023
Social Security Fairness Act This bill repeals provisions that reduce Social Security benefits for individuals who receive other benefits, such as a pension from a state or local government. The bill eliminates the government pension offset , which in various instances reduces Social Security benefits for spouses, widows, and widowers who also receive government pensions of their own. The bill also eliminates the windfall elimination provision , which in some instances reduces Social Security benefits for individuals who also receive a pension or disability benefit from an employer that did not withhold Social Security taxes. These changes are effective for benefits payable after December 2023.
United States · United States Congress · 1 March 2023
Contracts and Obligations Modernization for Efficient Terms of Service Act or the COMETS Act This bill permits the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to acquire supplies and services through its procurement channels for non-NASA space activities carried out by other entities on NASA properties if certain conditions are met. NASA may acquire supplies and services at the request of a private or commercial company or state government if NASA determines that doing so (1) is in the best interest of the federal government, and (2) neither interferes with NASA requirements nor competes with other commercial space activities. NASA must also have full reimbursable funding from a company or state government before incurring any obligation for the delivery of supplies or services acquired on behalf of the company or state government.
United States · United States Congress · 1 March 2023
Financial Defense for Industrial Contractors Act of 2023 or the FDIC Act of 2023 This bill requires the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to begin proceedings for terminating the insured status of large depository institutions that deny banking services to federal contractors that otherwise qualify for such services.
United States · United States Congress · 1 March 2023
Coronavirus Origin Validation, Investigation, and Determination Act of 2023 or the COVID Act of 2023 This bill requires the President to impose sanctions and take other actions related to COVID-19 if certain conditions are not met. Specifically, if the President is unable to certify within 90 days of this bill's enactment that China's government has allowed a transparent international forensic investigation into the origins of COVID-19 at certain laboratories in the city of Wuhan, the President must impose visa- and property-blocking sanctions against (1) individuals with leadership positions in the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); and (2) officials of the Chinese Communist Party, China's military, or China's State Council who were involved in concealing or restricting information about the initial COVID-19 outbreak in China. If the certification cannot be made, the President must also (1) prohibit federal funding for collaborative projects between U.S.-based researchers and CAS researchers in any academic field, and (2) prohibit U.S.-based researchers and institutions that receive federal funding from engaging in certain research on viruses with individuals or institutions based in China.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 2023
HUD Health and Safety Accountability Act of 2023 This bill requires the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to make changes to policies and procedures applicable to HUD multifamily housing programs, including Section 8 project-based rental assistance (PBRA). The bill requires management and occupancy reviews conducted by the Office of Multifamily Housing Programs to include specified graded factors, including (1) responsiveness to local code violations; and (2) remediation of health, sanitation, and structural integrity issues. Additionally, the bill establishes or changes requirements regarding local code enforcement response, HUD oversight of individual units that receive PBRA assistance, tenant surveys issued by performance-based contract administrators, and the disclosure of program contact information to tenants.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 2023
First Rhode Island Regiment Congressional Gold Medal Act This bill provides for the award of a single Congressional Gold Medal to the First Rhode Island Regiment, collectively, in recognition of their dedicated service during the Revolutionary War.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 2023
HUD Inspection Reform and Capital Improvement Act of 2023 This bill establishes authorities and requirements for the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) regarding employee misconduct and performance, maintenance standards for properties, property inspections, and rent adjustments. Specifically, the bill authorizes HUD to remove or reduce the pay of certain HUD employees for misconduct or performance. The bill also requires an entity receiving housing assistance payments for a dwelling unit to ensure that the unit is maintained to safe and sanitary conditions. HUD is required to take enforcement actions for failure to meet certain maintenance standards. If the entity fails to fully correct all deficiencies, HUD may impose various penalties, including financial penalties, requiring the immediate replacement of the project management, the reduction of housing assistance payments, or the transfer of housing assistance payment contracts. Additionally, the bill provides for rent adjustments for certain properties receiving Section 8 project-based rental assistance, including certain properties that underwent a mortgage restructuring and were transferred to a different owner for failing to meet physical condition standards. The bill also sets forth scoring and inspection frequency guidelines for properties receiving project-based rental assistance. Finally, HUD must publish an annual report on Real Estate Assessment Center (REAC) inspections of properties assisted or insured under a HUD program, and the Government Accountability Office must publish recommended reforms and improvements to REAC inspections.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 2023
Energy Security Cooperation with Allied Partners in Europe Act of 2023 This bill establishes requirements related to U.S. international energy strategy. Applications to export natural gas to North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) member countries, Japan, and certain other countries must be granted on an expedited basis without modification or delay. The President must impose sanctions on a person (individual or entity) that provides certain equipment, investment, or services to the Russian government or related entities for constructing or servicing Russian energy export pipelines. The Department of State must report to Congress on a strategy to enhance the energy security of NATO member countries and increase U.S. energy exports to such countries.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 2023
Haiti Economic Lift Program Extension Act of 2023 This bill extends through FY2035 the special duty-free rules for Haiti. It also extends through FY2035 the duty-free treatment provided for certain apparel products assembled in and imported from Haiti.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 2023
Independent and Objective Oversight of Ukrainian Assistance Act The bill establishes the Office of the Special Inspector General for Ukrainian Military, Economic, and Humanitarian Aid. The office's duties shall include (1) conducting and coordinating audits and investigations of the handing of funds made available for aid to Ukraine, and (2) monitoring and reviewing contracts and activities involving those funds. The Special Inspector General shall report directly to, and be under the general supervision of, the Secretary of State and Secretary of Defense. Federal agencies may not prevent the office from carrying out any audit or investigation related to aid to Ukraine. However, the office is not authorized to audit or investigate the intelligence community. The office shall terminate 180 days after the date on which there is less than $250 million in unexpended amounts that were made available for the reconstruction of Ukraine.
United States · United States Congress · 27 February 2023
National Right-to-Work Act This bill repeals those provisions of the National Labor Relations Act and the Railway Labor Act that permit employers to make an agreement with a labor union to require employees to join such union as a condition of employment. Currently, at least 27 states have enacted laws prohibiting employers from compelling employees to become members of a union as a condition of employment.
United States · United States Congress · 27 February 2023
Fighting Oppression until the Reign of Castro Ends Act or the FORCE Act This bill imposes various prohibitions and requirements related to Cuba. Specifically, the bill prohibits removing Cuba from the list of state sponsors of terrorism until the President determines that a transition government in Cuba is in power. Furthermore, persons (individuals or entities) subject to U.S. jurisdiction may not engage in certain direct financial transactions with an entity under the control of or acting on behalf of the Cuban military, intelligence, or security services or personnel. Specifically, such a transaction is prohibited if it would disproportionately benefit the Cuban military, intelligence, or security services or personnel at the expense of the Cuban people or private enterprise in Cuba. The Department of State must publish and annually update a list of the Cuban entities that are subject to these transaction restrictions. The prohibition on financial transactions shall terminate 90 days after the President certifies that Cuba's government has (1) taken the steps necessary to begin transparent, free, and fair elections; and (2) met the requirements to allow for the termination of U.S. economic embargo on Cuba. The bill also requires the State Department to notify Congress of any U.S. engagement with Cuba no later than 14 days after such engagement.
United States · United States Congress · 27 February 2023
This bill requires the President to seize Russian government funds that are subject to U.S. jurisdiction. The confiscated funds must be deposited in the Treasury to offset the costs of FY2023 emergency supplemental appropriations that were provided for assistance in Ukraine.
United States · United States Congress · 27 February 2023
Fair and Open Competition Act or the FOCA Act This bill prohibits federal construction contracts or controlling documents for federally supported construction projects from requiring or prohibiting project labor agreements. Such documents also may not discriminate against or give preference to a bidder or contractor who signs or refuses to sign a project labor agreement. An agency may exempt a project from this prohibition to avert an imminent threat to public health or safety or to serve the national security.
United States · United States Congress · 16 February 2023
American Security Drone Act of 2023 This bill bans the procurement or use by the federal government of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) that are manufactured or assembled by certain foreign entities, including entities subject to influence or control by China, with exceptions. The ban includes associated elements that enable the operator to operate the aircraft in the national airspace system. The Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Defense, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, and the Department of Justice are exempt from the restriction under specified circumstances. The bill sets forth further exemptions regarding the Department of Transportation, the Federal Aviation Administration, the National Transportation Safety Board, and the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration. All executive agencies must account for existing inventories of UAS manufactured or assembled by a covered foreign entity in their personal property accounting systems. The Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council shall prescribe regulations or guidance to implement this bill's requirements pertaining to federal contracts. Government-issued purchase cards may not be used to procure any UAS from a covered foreign entity. The Office of Management and Budget shall establish a government-wide policy for the procurement of UAS, taking into account information security. The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment must report to Congress on the supply chain for certain UAS. The bill terminates five years after enactment.
United States · United States Congress · 16 February 2023
Taiwan Invasion Prevention Act This bill authorizes the President to use the Armed Forces to defend Taiwan against a direct attack by China's military, a taking of Taiwan's territory by China, or a threat that endangers the lives of civilians in Taiwan or members of Taiwan's military. The bill also directs the Department of Defense to convene an annual regional security dialogue with Taiwan and other partners to improve U.S. security relationships with countries in the Western Pacific. (China considers Taiwan a part of China.)
United States · United States Congress · 16 February 2023
This joint resolution nullifies the final rule submitted by the Department of Commerce titled Procedures Covering Suspension of Liquidation, Duties and Estimated Duties in Accord With Presidential Proclamation 10414 and published on September 16, 2022. The rule allows for the suspension of duties on certain crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells and modules (i.e., solar panels) that are completed in Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, or Vietnam using parts and components manufactured in China that are not already subject to an antidumping or countervailing duty order.
United States · United States Congress · 16 February 2023
No CCP (Chinese Communist Police) in the United States Act of 2023 This bill requires the Department of State and the Federal of Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to provide notifications and public information about certain Chinese police-related activities outside of China. The State Department must publish (and keep updated) on its travel alert systems a list of all countries that have a bilateral security agreement or joint police initiative with the Chinese government or the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The FBI must annually brief Congress on the Chinese government's presence internationally through bilateral security agreements and joint police initiatives. Furthermore, if the FBI discovers in the United States a police station operated by China's government or the CCP, the FBI must (1) notify the applicable state and local law enforcement agencies within 24 hours of the discovery, (2) notify the public through law enforcement bulletin within 72 hours of the discovery, (3) provide a briefing to Congress within 15 days of the discovery, and (4) provide periodic updates to Congress after the initial briefing.
United States · United States Congress · 16 February 2023
This joint resolution recognizes the sacrifice of veterans of the Vietnam War and commends them for their sacrifice to the United States. The joint resolution also urges the President to formally acknowledge the widespread mistreatment of such veterans as part of the ongoing Vietnam War Commemoration and issue a formal apology to the veterans and their families. Additionally, the joint resolution expresses urgent support for increased education to better reflect the sacrifice and treatment of Vietnam veterans.
United States · United States Congress · 16 February 2023
Deterring Communist Chinese Aggression against Taiwan through Financial Sanctions Act of 2023 This bill requires sanctions and other actions if China's government makes any attempt to subject Taiwan to China's control, including by invading Taiwan's territory. If China's government makes such an attempt, the bill requires certain actions, including (1) imposing sanctions against Chinese nationals, citizens, and entities that participate in the attempt; (2) prohibiting the trading in the securities of Chinese entities on national securities exchanges; and (3) imposing sanctions on global financial communications services providers that continue to provide financial communications services to the Central Bank of China or any foreign financial institutions subject to sanctions under this bill.
United States · United States Congress · 16 February 2023
This resolution condemns those acting on behalf of Russia for committing acts of genocide against the Ukrainian people. It also calls on the United States, in cooperation with North Atlantic Treaty Organization and European Union allies, to undertake measures to support the Ukrainian government to prevent acts of Russian genocide against the Ukrainian people. It also urges the President to impose sanctions on those responsible for or complicit in such acts of genocide.
United States · United States Congress · 16 February 2023
Iran Nuclear Treaty Act This bill requires Senate approval of certain actions with respect to Iran's nuclear program. Specifically, the bill deems any agreement reached between the President and Iran relating to Iran's nuclear program to be a treaty that is subject to the advice and consent of the Senate. Further, the bill prohibits the President from (1) limiting the application of certain sanctions, or (2) refraining to apply such sanctions pursuant to an agreement unless the agreement is subject to the advice and consent of the Senate as a treaty.