Omnibus Patent Act of 1997

Summary

TABLE OF CONTENTS: Title I: Patent and Trademark Office Modernization Subtitle A: United States Patent and Trademark Office Subtitle B: Effective Date; Technical Amendments Subtitle C: Miscellaneous Provisions Title II: Examining Procedure Improvements: Publication with Provisional Royalties; Term Extensions; Further Examination Title III: Protection for Prior Domestic Users of Patented Technologies Title IV: Enhanced Protection of Inventors' Rights Title V: Improved Reexamination Procedures Title VI: Miscellaneous Improvements 21st Century Patent System Improvement Act - Title I: Patent and Trademark Office Modernization - Patent and Trademark Office Modernization Act - Subtitle A: United States Patent and Trademark Office - Reestablishes the Patent and Trademark Office as a wholly owned Government corporation under the policy direction of the Secretary of Commerce, except as otherwise provided in this title. Requires the Office to maintain its principal office in the District of Columbia metropolitan area. Makes the Office responsible, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, for authorizing the transfer of not to exceed $100,000 in any year to the Department of State to make special payments to international intergovernmental organizations for studies and programs for advancing international cooperation concerning patents, trademarks, and related matters. Authorizes the Office to retain and use all of its revenues and receipts, subject to the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990. (Sec. 113) Requires Office management to be vested in a Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office. (Currently, such management is vested in a Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks.) Requires the Director to appoint a Commissioner for Patents and a Commissioner for Trademarks. Exempts the Office from any administratively or statutorily imposed limitations on positions or personnel. Subjects Office employees to provisions governing Federal employees and requires the Office to adopt all existing labor agreements. (Sec. 114) Requires the Office to have a Management Advisory Board to review and report annually to the President and specified congressional committees on the Office's policies, goals, performance, budget, and user fees and to advise the Director. (Sec. 115) Repeals provisions subjecting the Director's performance (including regulations governing agents and attorneys representing the Office) to the direction or approval of the Secretary of Commerce. (Sec. 116) Revises the composition of the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board to include the Director, the Commissioner for Patents, the Commissioner for Trademarks, and appointed members. (Sec. 117) Sets forth provisions regarding: (1) revised membership of the Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences; (2) suits by, and against, the Office; (3) annual report disclosure of the purposes for which receipts were spent; (4) the Director's discretion to designate Office attorneys to conduct hearings relating to the suspension or exclusion from practice of certain individuals; (5) Office receipts, expenditures, and borrowing authority; and (6) the transfer to the Office of Department of Commerce functions, powers, duties, funds, and property related to the authority and functions vested in the Office by this title. Subtitle B: Effective Date; Technical Amendments - Makes this title effective four months after its enactment. Subtitle C: Miscellaneous Provisions - Makes existing appropriations and funds for the performance of functions, programs, and activities terminated pursuant to this title available for their duration for necessary expenses in connection with such action. Title II: Examining Procedure Improvements: Publication With Provisional Royalties; Term Extensions; Further Examination - Examining Procedure Improvements Act - Amends Federal patent law to require each application for a patent, other than certain design patents, to be published promptly after the expiration of 18 months from the earliest filing date for which a benefit is sought. Allows an earlier application publication at the request of the applicant. Prohibits information concerning published patent applications from being made available to the public, except as the Director determines, such decision being final and nonreviewable. Provides publication requirement exceptions. Authorizes the Director to establish appropriate procedures to ensure that this title does not create new opportunities for pre-issuance opposition. (Sec. 203) Entitles a patent applicant to claim the benefit of an earlier filing date in a foreign country if a claim (identifying the original foreign application by its application number, country, and date of filing) is filed in the Office at any such time during the pendency of the application as required by the Director. Allows the Director to: (1) consider the failure by the applicant to file a timely claim for priority as a waiver of such claim; (2) require the payment of a surcharge as a condition of accepting an untimely claim during such pendency; and (3) require a certified copy of the original foreign application and related information, as necessary. (Sec. 204) Specifies that a patent shall include the right to obtain a reasonable royalty from any person who, between the date of publication of the application and the date the patent is issued: (1) makes, uses, or sells in or imports into the United States the claimed invention; or (2) if the invention is a process, uses, offers for sale, or sells in or imports into the United States products made by that process; and (3) had actual notice of the published application or a translation of the international application. Bases the right to such royalty on substantially identical inventions only and only when brought within six years after patent issuance. Specifies the commencement date of the period for obtaining a royalty based upon the publication of an international application designating the United States. (Sec. 205) Provides that a person shall not be entitled to a patent if the invention was described in a published application by another filed in the United States, or in a published international application, before the invention thereof by the applicant. (Sec. 206) Requires the Director to recover the cost of an early publication by adjusting the filing, issue, and maintenance fees, by charging a separate publication fee, or by any combination of such fees. (Sec. 208) Provides for the extension of the term of a patent the issue of which is delayed due to an unusual Office administrative delay. Limits to ten years the total duration of extensions which result from administrative or judicial review, Office administrative delay, or both. Reduces the extension period by the time in which the applicant failed to engage in reasonable efforts to conclude prosecution of the application. (Sec. 209) Requires the Director to prescribe regulations for the further limited reexamination of patent applications. (Sec. 210) Extends to the next business day the last day of pendency of a provisional application when such day will normally fall on a Saturday, Sunday, or Federal holiday. (Sec. 211) Requires the Director, beginning in 2001, to report annually to the Congress regarding the impact of patent applications filed by an applicant who has been accorded the status of independent inventor. Title III: Protection for Prior Domestic Users of Patented Technologies - Protection for Prior Domestic Commercial Users of Patented Technologies Act - Amends Federal patent law to create a defense to patent infringement with respect to any subject matter that would otherwise infringe one or more claims in the patent being asserted, if a person had, acting in good faith, commercially used the subject matter before the effective filing date of such patent. Specifies that the sale or other disposition of the subject matter of a patent by a person entitled to assert the defense shall exhaust the patent owner's rights to the extent they would have been exhausted had such disposition been made by the patent owner. Subjects the defense to specified limitations and qualifications, including those regarding: (1) burden of proof; (2) abandonment of use; (3) who may assert the defense (it is a personal defense); (4) unsuccessful assertion of the defense; and (5) invalidity of a patent. Title IV: Enhanced Protection of Inventors' Rights - Enhanced Protection of Inventors' Rights Act - Requires that every contract for invention development services be in writing and that a copy of the signed written contract be given to the customer at the time the customer enters into the contract. Outlines information required to be included in the contract by the invention developer. Allows a customer to terminate such a contract by sending a written letter to the invention developer stating the intent to cancel. Prescribes language and information required to be included in a cover notice on every such contract. Requires the invention developer to deliver to the customer quarterly progress reports. Outlines mandatory terms for invention development services contracts. Makes voidable by the customer any such contract which does not comply with provisions of this title or which is entered into in reliance upon any material false, fraudulent, or misleading information, representation, notice, or advertisement of the invention developer. Provides appropriate remedies through civil actions, including damages, costs, and reasonable attorney's fees. Requires the Director to make publicly available all complaints received by the Office involving invention developers. Provides penalties for fraudulent representations by invention developers. Title V: Improved Reexamination Procedures - Improved Reexamination Procedures Act - Amends Federal patent law concerning patent reexamination request authority to authorize the filing of such requests by any person on the basis of patent specification requirements, except for the best mode requirements. (Current law permits reexamination requests only on the basis of prior art.) Establishes procedures for reexamination proceedings based upon third- party (persons other than the patent owner) requests. Requires documents filed in such proceedings to be served upon all parties. Grants third-party requesters: (1) one opportunity to file written comments; and (2) the right to appeal final reexamination decisions. Requires all appealable claims to be brought up during an original reexamination procedure or be thereafter barred. Requires the Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences to review adverse decisions of examiners in reexamination proceedings and authorizes appeals to the Board by patent owners and third-party requesters with respect to reexamination decisions. Permits appeals of Board decisions to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Title VI: Miscellaneous Improvements - Revises provisions regarding abandonment of original applications to allow, notwithstanding the absence of a claim, a provisional application to be treated as a patent application, under specified conditions. Grants, under specified conditions, benefits of an earlier filing date to an invention patent application filed in this country that has previously and regularly been filed for the same invention in a foreign country which affords similar privileges in the case of applications filed in a World Trade Organization country. (Sec. 603) Allows a patent to be issued for a tuber propagated plant, with the same protections against reproduction, sale, or import into the United States. (Sec. 604) Allows the use of an electronic medium to file papers in the Office. (Sec. 605) Provides that, in the case in which patent issue restriction is required on the ground that two or more independent and distinct inventions are claimed in one application, the applicant shall be entitled to submit an examination fee and request examination for each independent and distinct invention. Allows an examination fee refund to an applicant who requests reconsideration of a restriction requirement when such requirement is determined to be improper.

This text is taken from the official record. PoliticalRepo does not editorialize.

Timeline

1. 9 January 1997

   Introduced

   Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

   Source: IntroReferral

2. 9 January 1997

   Introduced

   Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (CR E76-78)

   Source: IntroReferral

3. 9 January 1997

   Introduced

   Introduced in House

   Source: IntroReferral

4. 9 January 1997

   Introduced

   Introduced in House

   Source: IntroReferral

5. 28 January 1997

   Referred

   Referred to the Subcommittee on Courts and Intellectual Property.

   Source: Committee

6. 26 February 1997

   Committee

   Subcommittee Hearings Held.

   Source: Committee

7. 5 March 1997

   Committee

   Forwarded by Subcommittee to Full Committee (Amended) by Voice Vote.

   Source: Committee

8. 5 March 1997

   Committee

   Subcommittee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held.

   Source: Committee

9. 12 March 1997

   Reported

   Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by Voice Vote.

   Source: Committee

10. 12 March 1997

    Committee

    Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held.

    Source: Committee

11. 20 March 1997

    Calendars

    Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 27.

    Source: Calendars

12. 20 March 1997

    Reported

    Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Judiciary. H. Rept. 105-39.

    Source: Committee

13. 20 March 1997

    Reported

    Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Judiciary. H. Rept. 105-39.

    Source: Committee

14. 8 April 1997

    Introduced

    Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (CR H1295)

    Source: IntroReferral

15. 10 April 1997

    Introduced

    Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (CR H1406-1408)

    Source: IntroReferral

16. 16 April 1997

    Reported

    Rules Committee Resolution H. Res. 116 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 400 with 1 hour of general debate. Previous question shall be considered as ordered without intervening motions except motion to recommit. Measure will be read by section. Bill is open to amendments. It shall be in order to consider as an original bill for the purpose of amendment the amendment in the nature of a substitute recommended by the Committee on the Judiciary now printed in the bill, as modified by the amendment specified in sec. 2 of the resolution. All points of order against the committee amendment, as modified, shall be waived.

    Source: Floor

17. 17 April 1997

    Floor

    Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union rises leaving H.R. 400 as unfinished business.

    Source: Floor

18. 17 April 1997

    Passed

    On motion that the Committee rise Agreed to by voice vote.

    Source: Floor

19. 17 April 1997

    Floor

    Mr. Coble moved that the Committee rise.

    Source: Floor

20. 17 April 1997

    Floor

    The Speaker designated the Honorable Ray LaHood to act as Chairman of the Committee.

    Source: Floor

21. 17 April 1997

    Floor

    House resolved itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union pursuant to H. Res. 116 and Rule XXIII.

    Source: Floor

22. 17 April 1997

    Floor

    Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 400 with 1 hour of general debate. Previous question shall be considered as ordered without intervening motions except motion to recommit. Bill is open to amendments. It shall be in order to consider as an original bill for the purpose of amendment the amendment in the nature of a substitute recommended by the Committee on the Judiciary now printed in the bill, as modified by the amendment specified in sec. 2 of the resolution. All points of order against the committee amendment, as modified, shall be waived.

    Source: Floor

23. 17 April 1997

    Floor

    Considered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 116. (consideration: CR H1636-1684)

    Source: Floor

24. 17 April 1997

    Passed

    Rule H. Res. 116 passed House.

    Source: Floor

25. 23 April 1997

    Floor

    The Clerk was authorized to correct section numbers, punctuation, and cross references, and to make other necessary technical and conforming corrections in the engrossment of H.R. 400.

    Source: Floor

26. 23 April 1997

    Passed

    Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.

    Source: Floor

27. 23 April 1997

    Passed

    On passage Passed by voice vote.

    Source: Floor

28. 23 April 1997

    Passed

    Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by voice vote.

    Source: Floor

29. 23 April 1997

    Passed

    The House adopted the amendment in the nature of a substitute as agreed to by the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union.

    Source: Floor

30. 23 April 1997

    Floor

    The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.

    Source: Floor

31. 23 April 1997

    Floor

    The House rose from the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union to report H.R. 400.

    Source: Floor

32. 23 April 1997

    Passed

    At the conclusion of debate, the Chair put the question on the Campbell amendment and announced that, by voice vote, the amendment was not agreed to. Mr. Campbell demanded a recorded vote and, pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 116, further proceedings were postponed.

    Source: Floor

33. 23 April 1997

    Floor

    The House resolved into Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for further consideration.

    Source: Floor

34. 23 April 1997

    Floor

    Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H1719-1742)

    Source: Floor

35. 24 April 1997

    Introduced

    Received in the Senate and read twice and referred to the Committee on Judiciary.

    Source: IntroReferral

36. 7 May 1997

    Committee

    Committee on Judiciary. Hearings held.

    Source: Committee

37. 22 May 1997

    Reported

    Committee on Judiciary. Ordered to be reported with an amendment in the nature of a substitute favorably.

    Source: Committee

38. 23 March 1998

    Calendars

    Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 331.

    Source: Calendars

39. 23 March 1998

    Reported

    Committee on Judiciary. Reported to Senate by Senator Hatch with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Without written report.

    Source: Committee

40. 23 March 1998

    Reported

    Committee on Judiciary. Reported to Senate by Senator Hatch with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Without written report.

    Source: Committee

Votes

No vote records are attached yet.

Versions

• Reported to Senate · 23 March 1998 · Download file
• Referred in Senate · 24 April 1997 · Download file
• Engrossed in House · 23 April 1997 · Download file
• Reported in House · 20 March 1997 · Download file
• Introduced in House · 9 January 1997 · Download file

Documents

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• Reported to Senate (text)

  Reported to Senate · EN · 23 March 1998

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• Reported to Senate (PDF)

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• Reported to Senate with amendment(s)

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• Referred in Senate (text)

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• Referred in Senate (PDF)

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• Engrossed in House (text)

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• Engrossed in House (PDF)

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• Passed House amended

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• Reported in House (text)

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• Reported in House (PDF)

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• Reported to House with amendment(s)

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• Introduced in House (text)

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• Introduced in House (PDF)

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• Introduced in House

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Sponsors

• Rep. Coble, Howard [R-NC-6] · R · Sponsor
• Rep. Conyers, John, Jr. [D-MI-13] · D · Sponsor
• Rep. Goodlatte, Bob [R-VA-6] · R · Sponsor
• Rep. Lofgren, Zoe [D-CA-18] · D · Sponsor
• Rep. Gekas, George W. [R-PA-17] · R · Cosponsor
• Rep. Cannon, Chris [R-UT-3] · R · Cosponsor
• Rep. Condit, Gary A. [D-CA-18] · D · Cosponsor
• Rep. Kelly, Sue W. [R-NY-19] · R · Cosponsor
• Rep. Bilbray, Brian P. [R-CA-50] · R · Cosponsor
• Rep. Berman, Howard L. [D-CA-28] · D · Cosponsor
• Rep. Horn, Stephen [R-CA-38] · R · Cosponsor
• Rep. Sensenbrenner, F. James, Jr. [R-WI-5] · R · Cosponsor
• Rep. Towns, Edolphus [D-NY-10] · D · Cosponsor
• Rep. Hyde, Henry J. [R-IL-6] · R · Cosponsor
• Rep. Smith, Robert [R-OR-2] · R · Cosponsor
• Rep. LaHood, Ray [R-IL-18] · R · Cosponsor
• Rep. DeGette, Diana [D-CO-1] · D · Cosponsor
• Rep. Hinchey, Maurice D. [D-NY-22] · D · Cosponsor
• Rep. Lewis, John [D-GA-5] · D · Cosponsor
• Rep. Wexler, Robert [D-FL-19] · D · Cosponsor
• Rep. Delahunt, William D. [D-MA-10] · D · Cosponsor
• Rep. Farr, Sam [D-CA-20] · D · Cosponsor
• Rep. Meek, Carrie P. [D-FL-17] · D · Cosponsor
• Rep. Houghton, Amo [R-NY-31] · R · Cosponsor
• Rep. Nadler, Jerrold [D-NY-12] · D · Cosponsor
• Rep. Furse, Elizabeth [D-OR-1] · D · Cosponsor
• Rep. Frost, Martin [D-TX-24] · D · Cosponsor
• Sen. Chambliss, Saxby [R-GA] · R · Cosponsor
• Rep. Dellums, Ronald V. [D-CA-9] · D · Cosponsor
• Rep. Lowey, Nita M. [D-NY-17] · D · Cosponsor
• Rep. Slaughter, Louise McIntosh [D-NY-25] · D · Cosponsor
• Rep. Dicks, Norman D. [D-WA-6] · D · Cosponsor
• Rep. Vento, Bruce F. [D-MN-4] · D · Cosponsor
• Rep. Ackerman, Gary L. [D-NY-5] · D · Cosponsor
• Rep. Gutknecht, Gil [R-MN-1] · R · Cosponsor
• Rep. Brown, George E., Jr. [D-CA-42] · D · Cosponsor
• · ssju00 · Standing
• · hsju00 · Standing

Related records

• related to → Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 400) to amend title 35, United States Code, with respect to patents, and for other purposes.
• related to ← Omnibus Patent Act of 1997
• amends ← An amendment to make several technical changes to the bill, including the following: 1. Allow small businesses and independent inventors to forestall the publication of their patents until three months after the second inspection and approval; 2. continue the current practice of charging small businesses and independent inventors a reduced fee; require that inventors be included as members of the proposed Patent and Trademark Office Advisory Board; 3. eliminates provisions in the bill allowing the Patent Office to borrow money from priveate entities to fund operations; 4. Allows inventor and university patent applicants to respond to Patent examiner's inquiries without reducing the intervening time from their 17-year patent protection; 5. noarrow the limitation on multiple patent re-examination requests from a single inventor to a single proceeding. from a single inventor to a single proceeding.
• amends ← An amendment in the nature of a substitute, printed as amendment No. 11 in the Congressional Record of April 16, 1997, to establish a firm 17-year patent for inventions beginning from the date the patents are granted, or a 20-year patent term from the date on which patent applications are filed for approval. The amendment would also allow patent applications to be published only under the following circumstances: when the information in the application is in the public domain of other countries at the time of U.S. filing; when an application that has been on file for five years, but a patent has not yet been granted, and publication would serve the national interest; when the inventor deliberately withholds publication for the purpose of taking legal action against persons or companies who unknowingly file similar patents.
• amends ← An amendment, printed as amendment No. 1 in the Congressional Record of April 16, 1997, to limit the extent to which prior commercial users of subsequently patented inventions without paying royalties. The amendment would restrict prior use to the scope and volume of use prior to the time a patent was granted.
• amends ← An amendment, printed as amendment No. 2 in the Congressional Record of April 16, 1997, to limit publication of information of all patent applications until after there have been two substative actions by the Patent and Trademark Office which would indicate the probability of a patent being granted.
• amends ← An amendment to exempt small businesses, universities, and individual inventors from the provisions of the bill that require publication of patent applications 18 months after filing. The amendment would permit early publication of a patent application only if the data exists in the public domain of other countries; if an application has been pending for more than five years and the Patent Office determines publication to be in the public interest; or if it has been determined that the inventor has intentionally delayed the patent granting procedures.
• amends ← And amendment to require that all patent examinations and searches within the Patent Office be performed by employees who are U. S. citizens and employees of the U.S. government, and that all patent applications are reviewed by qualified patent examiners who have spent at least 5% of their duty time in training. The amendment would specify that the Patent and Trademark Office not be subject to any administratively or statutorily imposed limitation on positions or personnel.