United States · Bill · HR
H.R. 956 (104th)
Product Liability Fairness Act of 1995
Introduced
15 February 1995
Last action
15 March 1996 · Floor
Status
On motion to refer the bill and the accompanying veto message to the Committee on Judiciary. Agreed to without objection.
Sponsors
Rep. Hyde, Henry J. [R-IL-6], Rep. Hoke, Martin R. [R-OH-10]
Subjects
Defence, Aviation
Source updated
7 April 2025
Summary
TABLE OF CONTENTS: Title I: Product Liability Reform Title II: Punitive Damages Reform Title III: Effect on Other Law; Effective Date Common Sense Legal Standards Reform Act of 1995 - Title I: Product Liability Reform - Common Sense Product Liability Reform Act of 1995 - Declares that: (1) U.S. district courts shall not have jurisdiction pursuant to this title based on specified provisions of the Federal judicial code; (2) this title governs any product liability action brought in any State or Federal court against a manufacturer or product seller on any theory for harm caused by a product, except actions brought under the General Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994 and civil actions brought against a manufacturer or product seller for commercial losses which shall be governed only by applicable commercial or contract law; and (3) this title supersedes State law only to the extent that such law applies to an issue covered by this title. (Sec. 104) Makes a product seller other than a manufacturer liable to a claimant in a product liability action only if the claimant establishes that: (1) the seller sold the product which allegedly caused the harm complained of was sold by the product seller, the seller failed to exercise reasonable care with respect to the product, and such failure was a proximate cause of the claimant's harm; (2) the seller made an express warranty applicable to the product independent of any express warranty made by the manufacturer, the product failed to conform to the warranty, and such failure caused the claimant's harm; or (3) the seller engaged in intentional wrongdoing as determined under applicable State law and such intentional wrongdoing was a proximate cause of the harm complained of by the claimant. Specifies that a product seller shall: (1) not be considered to have failed to exercise reasonable care based upon an alleged failure to inspect a product where there was no reasonable opportunity to inspect the product in a manner which would have revealed the aspect of the product which allegedly caused the claimant's harm; and (2) be liable, in a product liability action, for harm to the claimant caused by such product as if the seller were the manufacturer of such product if the manufacturer is not subject to service of process under the laws of any State in which the action might have been brought, or the court determines that the claimant would be unable to enforce a judgement against the manufacturer. (Sec. 105) Makes it a complete defense to a product liability action that the claimant: (1) was intoxicated or under the influence of intoxicating alcohol or any drug; and (2) as a result of such influence, was more than 50 percent responsible for the accident or event which resulted in such claimant's harm. (Sec. 106) Specifies that in a product liability action the liability of each defendant for noneconomic loss shall be several only and not joint, and that each defendant shall be liable only for the amount of noneconomic loss attributable to such defendant's proportionate share of fault or responsibility for the claimant's harm, as determined by the trier of fact. (Sec. 107) Bars a product liability action unless the complaint is served and filed within 15 years after the time of delivery of the product, with exceptions. Title II: Punitive Damages Reform - Authorizes punitive damages, to the extent permitted by applicable State law, in any civil action in Federal or State court against a defendant if the claimant establishes by clear and convincing evidence that the harm suffered was the result of conduct specifically intended to cause harm or conduct manifesting a conscious, flagrant indifference to the safety of those persons who might be harmed by the product for which the action was brought. Sets forth provisions regarding: (1) proportional awards; (2) applicability and preemption; and (3) bifurcation of proceedings at either party's request. Title III: Effect on Other Law; Effective Date - Specifies that nothing in title I or II shall be construed to: (1) waive or affect any defense of sovereign immunity asserted by any State or by the United States; (2) supersede any Federal law, except the Federal Employers Compensation Act and the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act; (3) affect the applicability of Federal judicial code provisions regarding the jurisdictional immunities of foreign states; (4) preempt State choice-of-law rules with respect to claims brought by a foreign nation or a citizen of a foreign nation; (5) affect the right of any court to transfer venue or to apply the law of a foreign nation or to dismiss a claim of a foreign nation or of a citizen of a foreign nation on the ground of inconvenient forum; or (6) supersede any Federal law that prescribes a specific regimen for punitive damages.
This text is taken from the official record. PoliticalRepo does not editorialize.
Timeline
15 February 1995
Introduced
Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
Source: IntroReferral
15 February 1995
Introduced
Introduced in House
Source: IntroReferral
15 February 1995
Introduced
Introduced in House
Source: IntroReferral
22 February 1995
Committee
Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held.
Source: Committee
23 February 1995
Vote
Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 31 - 11.
Source: Committee
23 February 1995
Committee
Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held.
Source: Committee
28 February 1995
Floor
Mr. Solomon notified the House that Members should submit 55 copies of proposed amendments to the bill to the Rules Committee by 3 p.m. Friday, March 3, 1995.
Source: Floor
2 March 1995
Introduced
Referred sequentially to the House Committee on Commerce for a period ending not later than March 7, 1995 for consideration of such provisions of the bill and amendment as fall within the jurisdiction of that committee pursuant to clause 1(e), rule X.
Source: IntroReferral
2 March 1995
Reported
Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Judiciary. H. Rept. 104-64, Part I.
Source: Committee
2 March 1995
Reported
Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Judiciary. H. Rept. 104-64, Part I.
Source: Committee
7 March 1995
Reported
Rules Committee Resolution H. Res. 108 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 956 with 2 hours of general debate. After general debate the Committee of the Whole shall rise without motion. No further consideration of the bill shall be in order except pursuant to a subsequent order of the House.
Source: Floor
7 March 1995
Discharge
Committee on Commerce discharged.
Source: Discharge
7 March 1995
Calendars
Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 35.
Source: Calendars
7 March 1995
Committee
Committee on Commerce discharged.
Source: Committee
8 March 1995
Floor
Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union rises leaving H.R. 956 as unfinished business.
Source: Floor
8 March 1995
Reported
Rules Committee Resolution H. Res. 109 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 956. Previous question shall be considered as ordered without intervening motions except motion to recommit with or without instructions. Measure will be considered read. Specified amendments are in order. It shall be in order to consider as an original bill for the purpose of amendment under the five-minute rule an amendment in the nature of a substitute consisting of the text of H.R. 1075. No amendment to the substitute shall be in order except those printed in the report accompanying this resolution, if offered in the order and manner specified. Said amendments shall not be subject to further amendment, or subject to a demand for division of the question in the House or in the Committee of the Whole.
Source: Floor
8 March 1995
Floor
Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 956 with 2 hours of general debate. After general debate the Committee of the Whole shall rise without motion. No further consideration of the bill shall be in order except pursuant to a subsequent order of the House.
Source: Floor
8 March 1995
Floor
The Speaker designated the Honorable David Dreier to act as Chairman of the Committee.
Source: Floor
8 March 1995
Floor
House resolved itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union pursuant to H. Res. 108 and Rule XXIII.
Source: Floor
8 March 1995
Floor
Considered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 108. (consideration: CR H2873-2888)
Source: Floor
8 March 1995
Passed
Rule H. Res. 108 passed House.
Source: Floor
9 March 1995
Floor
The House resolved into Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for further consideration.
Source: Floor
9 March 1995
Floor
Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H2914-2967)
Source: Floor
9 March 1995
Passed
Rule H. Res. 109 passed House.
Source: Floor
9 March 1995
Floor
Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union rises leaving H.R. 956 as unfinished business.
Source: Floor
9 March 1995
Passed
On motion that the Committee rise Agreed to by voice vote.
Source: Floor
9 March 1995
Floor
Mr. Hyde moved that the Committee rise.
Source: Floor
9 March 1995
Floor
DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 109, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Geren amendment, as modified.
Source: Floor
10 March 1995
Floor
The Clerk was authorized to correct section numbers, punctuation, and cross references, and to make other necessary technical and conforming corrections in the engrossment of H.R. 956.
Source: Floor
10 March 1995
Passed
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
Source: Floor
10 March 1995
Vote
On passage Passed by recorded vote: 265 - 161 (Roll no. 229).
Source: Floor
10 March 1995
Vote
Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by recorded vote: 265 - 161 (Roll no. 229).
Source: Floor
10 March 1995
Vote
On motion to recommit with instructions Failed by recorded vote: 195 - 231 (Roll no. 228). (consideration: CR H3026-3027)
Source: Floor
10 March 1995
Floor
The House resolved into Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for further consideration.
Source: Floor
10 March 1995
Floor
Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H3015-3027)
Source: Floor
10 March 1995
Floor
The previous question on the motion to recommit with instructions was ordered without objection.
Source: Floor
10 March 1995
Floor
DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 109, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 30 minutes of debate on the Gekas amendment.
Source: Floor
10 March 1995
Floor
Mr. Gordon moved to recommit with instructions to Judiciary.
Source: Floor
10 March 1995
Passed
The House adopted the amendment in the nature of a substitute as agreed to by the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union.
Source: Floor
10 March 1995
Floor
The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.
Source: Floor
10 March 1995
Floor
The House rose from the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union to report H.R. 956.
Source: Floor
14 March 1995
Calendars
Received in the Senate. Read the first time. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under Read the First Time.
Source: Calendars
15 March 1995
Calendars
Read the second time. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 29.
Source: Calendars
24 April 1995
Floor
Measure laid before Senate. (consideration: CR S5571-5602)
Source: Floor
25 April 1995
Floor
Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S5638-5663)
Source: Floor
26 April 1995
Floor
Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S5683-5685, S5689-5725)
Source: Floor
27 April 1995
Floor
Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S5751-5802, S5854-5856)
Source: Floor
1 May 1995
Floor
Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S5870-5871, S5874-5909)
Source: Floor
2 May 1995
Floor
Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S5931-5941, S5945-5961, S5986-5995)
Source: Floor
3 May 1995
Floor
Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S6033-6078)
Source: Floor
4 May 1995
Floor
Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S6148-6159)
Source: Floor
5 May 1995
Floor
Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S6198, S6225-6226)
Source: Floor
8 May 1995
Floor
Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S6242-6263, S6275)
Source: Floor
9 May 1995
Floor
Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S6305-6306, S6318-6322, S6325-6335)
Source: Floor
10 May 1995
Vote
Passed/agreed to in Senate: Passed Senate with an amendment by Yea-Nay Vote. 61-37. Record Vote No: 161.
Source: Floor
10 May 1995
Floor
Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S6369-6412)
Source: Floor
11 May 1995
Floor
Message on Senate action sent to the House.
Source: Floor
23 June 1995
Passed
Senate ordered measure printed as passed.
Source: Floor
9 November 1995
Floor
Message on House action received in Senate and at the desk: House requests a conference.
Source: Floor
9 November 1995
Passed
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
9 November 1995
ResolvingDifferences
The Speaker appointed conferees - from the Committee on the Judiciary for consideration of the House bill, and the Senate amendment, and modifications committed to conference: Hyde, Sensenbrenner, Gekas, Inglis, Bryant (TN), Conyers, Schroeder, and Berman.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
9 November 1995
Passed
On motion that the House disagree to the Senate amendment, and request a conference Agreed to by voice vote.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
9 November 1995
Floor
DEBATE - The House proceeded with one hour of debate on the Conyers motion to instruct House conferees to disagree to any provision that would limit the total damages recoverable for injuries by aged individuals, women, or children to an amount less than that recoverable by other plaintiffs with substantially similar injuries.
Source: Floor
9 November 1995
ResolvingDifferences
The previous question was ordered without objection.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
9 November 1995
ResolvingDifferences
Mr. Hyde moved that the House disagree to the Senate amendment, and request a conference.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
28 November 1995
ResolvingDifferences
Senate insists on its amendment agrees to request for a conference, appoints conferees Pressler; Gorton; Lott; Stevens; Snowe; Ashcroft; Hollings; Inouye; Ford; Exon; Rockefeller.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
30 November 1995
Floor
Message on Senate action sent to the House.
Source: Floor
15 December 1995
ResolvingDifferences
Conference held.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
15 December 1995
ResolvingDifferences
Conference committee actions: Conference held.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
29 February 1996
Passed
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
29 February 1996
Vote
On motion that the House instruct conferees Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 256 - 142 (Roll no. 43). (consideration: CR H1576-1582)
Source: ResolvingDifferences
29 February 1996
Passed
DEBATE - The House proceeded with one hour of debate on the Conyers motion to instruct conferees on the part of the House to insist upon the provisions contained in sec. 107 of the House-passed version of the bill, which would require foreign manufacturers who sell products in the U.S. to abide by the same legal standards that govern the conduct of American companies.
Source: Floor
29 February 1996
ResolvingDifferences
Mr. Conyers moved that the House instruct conferees.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
13 March 1996
ResolvingDifferences
The Speaker appointed an additional conferee in lieu of Mr. Wyden: Markey.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
13 March 1996
Passed
Conferees agreed to file conference report.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
13 March 1996
Passed
Conference committee actions: Conferees agreed to file conference report.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
14 March 1996
ResolvingDifferences
Conference report H. Rept. 104-481 filed. (text of conference report: CR H2239-2247)
Source: ResolvingDifferences
14 March 1996
ResolvingDifferences
Conference report filed: Conference report H. Rept. 104-481 filed.(text of conference report: CR H2239-2247)
Source: ResolvingDifferences
14 March 1996
ResolvingDifferences
Conference papers: Senate report and managers' statement held at the desk in Senate.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
15 March 1996
Floor
Cloture motion on the conference report presented in Senate. (consideration: CR S2211)
Source: Floor
Showing 80 of 110 timeline events.
Votes
21 March 1996 · Conference Report Agreed to · On the Conference Report H.R. 956 · Conference Report Agreed to · Official source
Yes 59 · No 40 · Abstain — · Absent/not voting 1
- Sen. Simpson, Alan K. [R-WY]Nay
- Sen. D'Amato, Alfonse [R-NY]Nay
- Sen. Specter, Arlen [R-PA]Nay
- Sen. Boxer, Barbara [D-CA]Nay
Showing the first 4 recorded positions. Vote totals above are complete.
20 March 1996 · Cloture Motion Agreed to · On the Cloture Motion H.R. 956 · Cloture Motion Agreed to · Official source
Yes 60 · No 40 · Abstain — · Absent/not voting 0
- Sen. Simpson, Alan K. [R-WY]Nay
- Sen. D'Amato, Alfonse [R-NY]Nay
- Sen. Specter, Arlen [R-PA]Yea
- Sen. Boxer, Barbara [D-CA]Nay
Showing the first 4 recorded positions. Vote totals above are complete.
10 May 1995 · Bill Passed · On Passage of the Bill H.R. 956 · Bill Passed · Official source
Yes 61 · No 37 · Abstain — · Absent/not voting 2
- Sen. Simpson, Alan K. [R-WY]Nay
- Sen. D'Amato, Alfonse [R-NY]Nay
- Sen. Specter, Arlen [R-PA]Nay
- Sen. Boxer, Barbara [D-CA]Nay
Showing the first 4 recorded positions. Vote totals above are complete.
Versions
- Enrolled Bill · — · Download file
- Public Print · 23 June 1995 · Download file
- Engrossed Amendment Senate · 10 May 1995 · Download file
- Placed on Calendar Senate · 15 March 1995 · Download file
- Engrossed in House · 10 March 1995 · Download file
- Committee Discharged House · 7 March 1995 · Download file
- Reported in House · 2 March 1995 · Download file
- Introduced in House · 15 February 1995 · Download file
Documents
20 official files
Enrolled Bill (text)
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Enrolled Bill (text)
Enrolled Bill · EN
Enrolled Bill (PDF)
Enrolled Bill · EN
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Conference report filed in House
summary · EN · 14 March 1996
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Public Print (text)
Public Print · EN · 23 June 1995
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Public Print (PDF)
Public Print · EN · 23 June 1995
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Engrossed Amendment Senate (text)
Engrossed Amendment Senate · EN · 10 May 1995
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Engrossed Amendment Senate (PDF)
Engrossed Amendment Senate · EN · 10 May 1995
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Passed Senate amended
summary · EN · 10 May 1995
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Placed on Calendar Senate (text)
Placed on Calendar Senate · EN · 15 March 1995
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Placed on Calendar Senate (PDF)
Placed on Calendar Senate · EN · 15 March 1995
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Engrossed in House (text)
Engrossed in House · EN · 10 March 1995
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Engrossed in House (PDF)
Engrossed in House · EN · 10 March 1995
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Passed House amended
summary · EN · 10 March 1995
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Committee Discharged House (text)
Committee Discharged House · EN · 7 March 1995
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Committee Discharged House (PDF)
Committee Discharged House · EN · 7 March 1995
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Reported in House (text)
Reported in House · EN · 2 March 1995
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Reported in House (PDF)
Reported in House · EN · 2 March 1995
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Introduced in House (text)
Introduced in House · EN · 15 February 1995
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Introduced in House (PDF)
Introduced in House · EN · 15 February 1995
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Introduced in House
summary · EN · 15 February 1995
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Sponsors
- Rep. Hyde, Henry J. [R-IL-6] · R · Sponsor
- Rep. Hoke, Martin R. [R-OH-10] · R · Sponsor
- · hsif00 · Standing
- · hsju00 · Standing
Related records
- related to → Common Sense Product Liability Reform Act of 1995
- related to → Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 956) to establish legal standards and procedures for product liability litigation, and for other purposes.
- related to → Providing for further consideration of the bill (H.R. 956) to establish legal standards and procedures for product liability litigation, and for other purposes.
- related to → Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany the bill (H.R. 956) to establish legal standards and procedures for product liability litigation, and for other purposes.
- related to ← Common Sense Product Liability and Legal Reform Act of 1995
- related to ← Product Liability Fairness Act of 1995
- amends ← SAMDT 625
- amends ← SAMDT 606
- amends ← SAMDT 624
- amends ← SAMDT 633
- amends ← SAMDT 634
- amends ← SAMDT 632
Showing 12 of 173 related records.
Sources
PoliticalRepo is an index and interpretation layer, not the authoritative legal source.
- Official source: https://www.congress.gov/bill/104th-congress/house-bill/956
- Open data entity: https://api.congress.gov/v3/bill/104/hr/956
- us · 104-hr-956 · source updated 7 April 2025