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United States · Bill · HR

H.R. 956 (104th)

Product Liability Fairness Act of 1995

passedUnited States· United States Congress· EN

Introduced

15 February 1995

Last action

15 March 1996 · Floor

Status

On motion to refer the bill and the accompanying veto message to the Committee on Judiciary. Agreed to without objection.

Sponsors

Rep. Hyde, Henry J. [R-IL-6], Rep. Hoke, Martin R. [R-OH-10]

Subjects

Defence, Aviation

Source updated

7 April 2025

Defence · Aviation

Summary

TABLE OF CONTENTS: Title I: Product Liability Reform Title II: Punitive Damages Reform Title III: Effect on Other Law; Effective Date Common Sense Legal Standards Reform Act of 1995 - Title I: Product Liability Reform - Common Sense Product Liability Reform Act of 1995 - Declares that: (1) U.S. district courts shall not have jurisdiction pursuant to this title based on specified provisions of the Federal judicial code; (2) this title governs any product liability action brought in any State or Federal court against a manufacturer or product seller on any theory for harm caused by a product, except actions brought under the General Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994 and civil actions brought against a manufacturer or product seller for commercial losses which shall be governed only by applicable commercial or contract law; and (3) this title supersedes State law only to the extent that such law applies to an issue covered by this title. (Sec. 104) Makes a product seller other than a manufacturer liable to a claimant in a product liability action only if the claimant establishes that: (1) the seller sold the product which allegedly caused the harm complained of was sold by the product seller, the seller failed to exercise reasonable care with respect to the product, and such failure was a proximate cause of the claimant's harm; (2) the seller made an express warranty applicable to the product independent of any express warranty made by the manufacturer, the product failed to conform to the warranty, and such failure caused the claimant's harm; or (3) the seller engaged in intentional wrongdoing as determined under applicable State law and such intentional wrongdoing was a proximate cause of the harm complained of by the claimant. Specifies that a product seller shall: (1) not be considered to have failed to exercise reasonable care based upon an alleged failure to inspect a product where there was no reasonable opportunity to inspect the product in a manner which would have revealed the aspect of the product which allegedly caused the claimant's harm; and (2) be liable, in a product liability action, for harm to the claimant caused by such product as if the seller were the manufacturer of such product if the manufacturer is not subject to service of process under the laws of any State in which the action might have been brought, or the court determines that the claimant would be unable to enforce a judgement against the manufacturer. (Sec. 105) Makes it a complete defense to a product liability action that the claimant: (1) was intoxicated or under the influence of intoxicating alcohol or any drug; and (2) as a result of such influence, was more than 50 percent responsible for the accident or event which resulted in such claimant's harm. (Sec. 106) Specifies that in a product liability action the liability of each defendant for noneconomic loss shall be several only and not joint, and that each defendant shall be liable only for the amount of noneconomic loss attributable to such defendant's proportionate share of fault or responsibility for the claimant's harm, as determined by the trier of fact. (Sec. 107) Bars a product liability action unless the complaint is served and filed within 15 years after the time of delivery of the product, with exceptions. Title II: Punitive Damages Reform - Authorizes punitive damages, to the extent permitted by applicable State law, in any civil action in Federal or State court against a defendant if the claimant establishes by clear and convincing evidence that the harm suffered was the result of conduct specifically intended to cause harm or conduct manifesting a conscious, flagrant indifference to the safety of those persons who might be harmed by the product for which the action was brought. Sets forth provisions regarding: (1) proportional awards; (2) applicability and preemption; and (3) bifurcation of proceedings at either party's request. Title III: Effect on Other Law; Effective Date - Specifies that nothing in title I or II shall be construed to: (1) waive or affect any defense of sovereign immunity asserted by any State or by the United States; (2) supersede any Federal law, except the Federal Employers Compensation Act and the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act; (3) affect the applicability of Federal judicial code provisions regarding the jurisdictional immunities of foreign states; (4) preempt State choice-of-law rules with respect to claims brought by a foreign nation or a citizen of a foreign nation; (5) affect the right of any court to transfer venue or to apply the law of a foreign nation or to dismiss a claim of a foreign nation or of a citizen of a foreign nation on the ground of inconvenient forum; or (6) supersede any Federal law that prescribes a specific regimen for punitive damages.

This text is taken from the official record. PoliticalRepo does not editorialize.

Timeline

  1. 15 February 1995

    Introduced

    Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

    Source: IntroReferral

  2. 15 February 1995

    Introduced

    Introduced in House

    Source: IntroReferral

  3. 15 February 1995

    Introduced

    Introduced in House

    Source: IntroReferral

  4. 22 February 1995

    Committee

    Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held.

    Source: Committee

  5. 23 February 1995

    Vote

    Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 31 - 11.

    Source: Committee

  6. 23 February 1995

    Committee

    Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held.

    Source: Committee

  7. 28 February 1995

    Floor

    Mr. Solomon notified the House that Members should submit 55 copies of proposed amendments to the bill to the Rules Committee by 3 p.m. Friday, March 3, 1995.

    Source: Floor

  8. 2 March 1995

    Introduced

    Referred sequentially to the House Committee on Commerce for a period ending not later than March 7, 1995 for consideration of such provisions of the bill and amendment as fall within the jurisdiction of that committee pursuant to clause 1(e), rule X.

    Source: IntroReferral

  9. 2 March 1995

    Reported

    Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Judiciary. H. Rept. 104-64, Part I.

    Source: Committee

  10. 2 March 1995

    Reported

    Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Judiciary. H. Rept. 104-64, Part I.

    Source: Committee

  11. 7 March 1995

    Reported

    Rules Committee Resolution H. Res. 108 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 956 with 2 hours of general debate. After general debate the Committee of the Whole shall rise without motion. No further consideration of the bill shall be in order except pursuant to a subsequent order of the House.

    Source: Floor

  12. 7 March 1995

    Discharge

    Committee on Commerce discharged.

    Source: Discharge

  13. 7 March 1995

    Calendars

    Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 35.

    Source: Calendars

  14. 7 March 1995

    Committee

    Committee on Commerce discharged.

    Source: Committee

  15. 8 March 1995

    Floor

    Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union rises leaving H.R. 956 as unfinished business.

    Source: Floor

  16. 8 March 1995

    Reported

    Rules Committee Resolution H. Res. 109 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 956. Previous question shall be considered as ordered without intervening motions except motion to recommit with or without instructions. Measure will be considered read. Specified amendments are in order. It shall be in order to consider as an original bill for the purpose of amendment under the five-minute rule an amendment in the nature of a substitute consisting of the text of H.R. 1075. No amendment to the substitute shall be in order except those printed in the report accompanying this resolution, if offered in the order and manner specified. Said amendments shall not be subject to further amendment, or subject to a demand for division of the question in the House or in the Committee of the Whole.

    Source: Floor

  17. 8 March 1995

    Floor

    Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 956 with 2 hours of general debate. After general debate the Committee of the Whole shall rise without motion. No further consideration of the bill shall be in order except pursuant to a subsequent order of the House.

    Source: Floor

  18. 8 March 1995

    Floor

    The Speaker designated the Honorable David Dreier to act as Chairman of the Committee.

    Source: Floor

  19. 8 March 1995

    Floor

    House resolved itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union pursuant to H. Res. 108 and Rule XXIII.

    Source: Floor

  20. 8 March 1995

    Floor

    Considered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 108. (consideration: CR H2873-2888)

    Source: Floor

  21. 8 March 1995

    Passed

    Rule H. Res. 108 passed House.

    Source: Floor

  22. 9 March 1995

    Floor

    The House resolved into Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for further consideration.

    Source: Floor

  23. 9 March 1995

    Floor

    Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H2914-2967)

    Source: Floor

  24. 9 March 1995

    Passed

    Rule H. Res. 109 passed House.

    Source: Floor

  25. 9 March 1995

    Floor

    Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union rises leaving H.R. 956 as unfinished business.

    Source: Floor

  26. 9 March 1995

    Passed

    On motion that the Committee rise Agreed to by voice vote.

    Source: Floor

  27. 9 March 1995

    Floor

    Mr. Hyde moved that the Committee rise.

    Source: Floor

  28. 9 March 1995

    Floor

    DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 109, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Geren amendment, as modified.

    Source: Floor

  29. 10 March 1995

    Floor

    The Clerk was authorized to correct section numbers, punctuation, and cross references, and to make other necessary technical and conforming corrections in the engrossment of H.R. 956.

    Source: Floor

  30. 10 March 1995

    Passed

    Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.

    Source: Floor

  31. 10 March 1995

    Vote

    On passage Passed by recorded vote: 265 - 161 (Roll no. 229).

    Source: Floor

  32. 10 March 1995

    Vote

    Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by recorded vote: 265 - 161 (Roll no. 229).

    Source: Floor

  33. 10 March 1995

    Vote

    On motion to recommit with instructions Failed by recorded vote: 195 - 231 (Roll no. 228). (consideration: CR H3026-3027)

    Source: Floor

  34. 10 March 1995

    Floor

    The House resolved into Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for further consideration.

    Source: Floor

  35. 10 March 1995

    Floor

    Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H3015-3027)

    Source: Floor

  36. 10 March 1995

    Floor

    The previous question on the motion to recommit with instructions was ordered without objection.

    Source: Floor

  37. 10 March 1995

    Floor

    DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 109, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 30 minutes of debate on the Gekas amendment.

    Source: Floor

  38. 10 March 1995

    Floor

    Mr. Gordon moved to recommit with instructions to Judiciary.

    Source: Floor

  39. 10 March 1995

    Passed

    The House adopted the amendment in the nature of a substitute as agreed to by the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union.

    Source: Floor

  40. 10 March 1995

    Floor

    The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.

    Source: Floor

  41. 10 March 1995

    Floor

    The House rose from the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union to report H.R. 956.

    Source: Floor

  42. 14 March 1995

    Calendars

    Received in the Senate. Read the first time. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under Read the First Time.

    Source: Calendars

  43. 15 March 1995

    Calendars

    Read the second time. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 29.

    Source: Calendars

  44. 24 April 1995

    Floor

    Measure laid before Senate. (consideration: CR S5571-5602)

    Source: Floor

  45. 25 April 1995

    Floor

    Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S5638-5663)

    Source: Floor

  46. 26 April 1995

    Floor

    Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S5683-5685, S5689-5725)

    Source: Floor

  47. 27 April 1995

    Floor

    Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S5751-5802, S5854-5856)

    Source: Floor

  48. 1 May 1995

    Floor

    Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S5870-5871, S5874-5909)

    Source: Floor

  49. 2 May 1995

    Floor

    Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S5931-5941, S5945-5961, S5986-5995)

    Source: Floor

  50. 3 May 1995

    Floor

    Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S6033-6078)

    Source: Floor

  51. 4 May 1995

    Floor

    Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S6148-6159)

    Source: Floor

  52. 5 May 1995

    Floor

    Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S6198, S6225-6226)

    Source: Floor

  53. 8 May 1995

    Floor

    Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S6242-6263, S6275)

    Source: Floor

  54. 9 May 1995

    Floor

    Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S6305-6306, S6318-6322, S6325-6335)

    Source: Floor

  55. 10 May 1995

    Vote

    Passed/agreed to in Senate: Passed Senate with an amendment by Yea-Nay Vote. 61-37. Record Vote No: 161.

    Source: Floor

  56. 10 May 1995

    Floor

    Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S6369-6412)

    Source: Floor

  57. 11 May 1995

    Floor

    Message on Senate action sent to the House.

    Source: Floor

  58. 23 June 1995

    Passed

    Senate ordered measure printed as passed.

    Source: Floor

  59. 9 November 1995

    Floor

    Message on House action received in Senate and at the desk: House requests a conference.

    Source: Floor

  60. 9 November 1995

    Passed

    Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.

    Source: ResolvingDifferences

  61. 9 November 1995

    ResolvingDifferences

    The Speaker appointed conferees - from the Committee on the Judiciary for consideration of the House bill, and the Senate amendment, and modifications committed to conference: Hyde, Sensenbrenner, Gekas, Inglis, Bryant (TN), Conyers, Schroeder, and Berman.

    Source: ResolvingDifferences

  62. 9 November 1995

    Passed

    On motion that the House disagree to the Senate amendment, and request a conference Agreed to by voice vote.

    Source: ResolvingDifferences

  63. 9 November 1995

    Floor

    DEBATE - The House proceeded with one hour of debate on the Conyers motion to instruct House conferees to disagree to any provision that would limit the total damages recoverable for injuries by aged individuals, women, or children to an amount less than that recoverable by other plaintiffs with substantially similar injuries.

    Source: Floor

  64. 9 November 1995

    ResolvingDifferences

    The previous question was ordered without objection.

    Source: ResolvingDifferences

  65. 9 November 1995

    ResolvingDifferences

    Mr. Hyde moved that the House disagree to the Senate amendment, and request a conference.

    Source: ResolvingDifferences

  66. 28 November 1995

    ResolvingDifferences

    Senate insists on its amendment agrees to request for a conference, appoints conferees Pressler; Gorton; Lott; Stevens; Snowe; Ashcroft; Hollings; Inouye; Ford; Exon; Rockefeller.

    Source: ResolvingDifferences

  67. 30 November 1995

    Floor

    Message on Senate action sent to the House.

    Source: Floor

  68. 15 December 1995

    ResolvingDifferences

    Conference held.

    Source: ResolvingDifferences

  69. 15 December 1995

    ResolvingDifferences

    Conference committee actions: Conference held.

    Source: ResolvingDifferences

  70. 29 February 1996

    Passed

    Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.

    Source: ResolvingDifferences

  71. 29 February 1996

    Vote

    On motion that the House instruct conferees Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 256 - 142 (Roll no. 43). (consideration: CR H1576-1582)

    Source: ResolvingDifferences

  72. 29 February 1996

    Passed

    DEBATE - The House proceeded with one hour of debate on the Conyers motion to instruct conferees on the part of the House to insist upon the provisions contained in sec. 107 of the House-passed version of the bill, which would require foreign manufacturers who sell products in the U.S. to abide by the same legal standards that govern the conduct of American companies.

    Source: Floor

  73. 29 February 1996

    ResolvingDifferences

    Mr. Conyers moved that the House instruct conferees.

    Source: ResolvingDifferences

  74. 13 March 1996

    ResolvingDifferences

    The Speaker appointed an additional conferee in lieu of Mr. Wyden: Markey.

    Source: ResolvingDifferences

  75. 13 March 1996

    Passed

    Conferees agreed to file conference report.

    Source: ResolvingDifferences

  76. 13 March 1996

    Passed

    Conference committee actions: Conferees agreed to file conference report.

    Source: ResolvingDifferences

  77. 14 March 1996

    ResolvingDifferences

    Conference report H. Rept. 104-481 filed. (text of conference report: CR H2239-2247)

    Source: ResolvingDifferences

  78. 14 March 1996

    ResolvingDifferences

    Conference report filed: Conference report H. Rept. 104-481 filed.(text of conference report: CR H2239-2247)

    Source: ResolvingDifferences

  79. 14 March 1996

    ResolvingDifferences

    Conference papers: Senate report and managers' statement held at the desk in Senate.

    Source: ResolvingDifferences

  80. 15 March 1996

    Floor

    Cloture motion on the conference report presented in Senate. (consideration: CR S2211)

    Source: Floor

Showing 80 of 110 timeline events.

Votes

21 March 1996 · Conference Report Agreed to · On the Conference Report H.R. 956 · Conference Report Agreed to · Official source

Yes 59 · No 40 · Abstain — · Absent/not voting 1

Showing the first 4 recorded positions. Vote totals above are complete.

20 March 1996 · Cloture Motion Agreed to · On the Cloture Motion H.R. 956 · Cloture Motion Agreed to · Official source

Yes 60 · No 40 · Abstain — · Absent/not voting 0

Showing the first 4 recorded positions. Vote totals above are complete.

10 May 1995 · Bill Passed · On Passage of the Bill H.R. 956 · Bill Passed · Official source

Yes 61 · No 37 · Abstain — · Absent/not voting 2

Showing the first 4 recorded positions. Vote totals above are complete.

Versions

Documents

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Enrolled Bill (text)

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  • Enrolled Bill (text)

    Enrolled Bill · EN

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  • Enrolled Bill (PDF)

    Enrolled Bill · EN

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  • Conference report filed in House

    summary · EN · 14 March 1996

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  • Public Print (text)

    Public Print · EN · 23 June 1995

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  • Public Print (PDF)

    Public Print · EN · 23 June 1995

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  • Engrossed Amendment Senate (text)

    Engrossed Amendment Senate · EN · 10 May 1995

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  • Engrossed Amendment Senate (PDF)

    Engrossed Amendment Senate · EN · 10 May 1995

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  • Passed Senate amended

    summary · EN · 10 May 1995

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  • Placed on Calendar Senate (text)

    Placed on Calendar Senate · EN · 15 March 1995

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  • Placed on Calendar Senate (PDF)

    Placed on Calendar Senate · EN · 15 March 1995

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  • Engrossed in House (text)

    Engrossed in House · EN · 10 March 1995

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  • Engrossed in House (PDF)

    Engrossed in House · EN · 10 March 1995

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  • Passed House amended

    summary · EN · 10 March 1995

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  • Committee Discharged House (text)

    Committee Discharged House · EN · 7 March 1995

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  • Committee Discharged House (PDF)

    Committee Discharged House · EN · 7 March 1995

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  • Reported in House (text)

    Reported in House · EN · 2 March 1995

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  • Reported in House (PDF)

    Reported in House · EN · 2 March 1995

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  • Introduced in House (text)

    Introduced in House · EN · 15 February 1995

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  • Introduced in House (PDF)

    Introduced in House · EN · 15 February 1995

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  • Introduced in House

    summary · EN · 15 February 1995

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