Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986

Summary

Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 - Title I: Interception of Communications and Related Matters - Amends the Federal criminal code to extend the prohibition against the unauthorized interception of communications to include specific types of electronic communications. (Present law prohibits the interception of wire and oral communications only.) Specifies certain exceptions with respect to electronic communications. Extends such prohibition to the communications of any provider of wire or electronic communication services. (Present law extends only to communications common carriers.) Provides for reduced criminal penalties where the unauthorized access to the electronic communication is not for a tortious or illegal purpose or private commercial gain. States that the interception of certain satellite transmissions is not an offense unless it is for the purposes of direct or indirect commercial advantage or private financial gain. Prohibits any person or entity providing an electronic communication service, with specified exceptions, from knowingly divulging the contents of any communication carried on that service. Allows any person whose wire, oral, or electronic communication is intercepted, disclosed, or willfully used to bring a civil action to recover damages. (Present law allows such a civil action only for the interception or use of wire or oral communications.) Revises the amount of damages which may be recovered in such actions. Specifies a two-year statute of limitations for the commencement of such actions. Specifies additional crimes for which the interception of wire, oral, or electronic communications can be authorized in the course of the investigation of such crimes. Sets forth additional requirements for applications, court orders, and the implementation of court orders for the interception of such communications. Provides that certain intelligence activities approved by the Attorney General shall not be affected by certain provisions of Federal law. Allows a court-authorized mobile tracking device to be used outside the jurisdiction of that court. Makes it a criminal offense to warn a person that he or she is the subject of surveillance. Allows the Attorney General to initiate a civil action to obtain an injunction to prevent felony level violations of this Act. Title II: Stored Wire and Electronic Communications and Transactional Records Access - Makes it a criminal offense to: (1) willfully access, without authorization, a facility through which an electronic communication service is provided; or (2) willfully exceed an authorized access to such facility. Prohibits the provider of an electronic communication service or remote computing service, except under certain circumstances, from divulging the contents of any communication stored, carried, or maintained by such service. Sets forth the procedural requirements for a governmental entity to obtain access to electronic communications in electronic storage, including court-ordered back-up copies of the contents of such communications. Allows any subscriber or customer of a communication service who is aggrieved by a willful or intentional violation of this Act to initiate a civil action to recover appropriate relief. Grants the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) access to telephone or communication service information and records relevant to any authorized foreign counterintelligence investigation. Prohibits any official or employee or a communications common carrier or service provider from disclosing to any person that the FBI has sought or obtained such access. Title III: Pen Registers - Prohibits the installation or use of a pen register or a tracking device without a court order pursuant to this Act or under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978. Imposes criminal penalties for violations of such prohibition. Authorizes Government attorneys and State law enforcement officers to apply for a court order allowing the installation and use of a pen register or tracking device. Allows the issuance of such an order if the attorney or law enforcement officer certifies that information likely to be obtained by such installation is relevant to an ongoing criminal investigation. Requires providers of wire communications, landlords, custodians, and other persons to furnish all information, facilities, and technical assistance necessary to accomplish the installation of a pen register if such assistance is ordered by the court. Requires that anyone providing such assistance be compensated for any reasonable expenses incurred. Requires the Attorney General to report annually to the Congress on the number of pen register orders applied for by law enforcement agencies of the Department of Justice.

This text is taken from the official record. PoliticalRepo does not editorialize.

Timeline

1. 19 June 1986

   Introduced

   Read twice and referred to the Committee on Judiciary.

   Source: IntroReferral

2. 19 June 1986

   Introduced

   Introduced in Senate

   Source: IntroReferral

3. 24 June 1986

   Referred

   Committee on Judiciary. Jointly referred to the Subcommittee on Criminal Law.

   Source: Committee

4. 29 July 1986

   Committee

   Committee on Judiciary received executive comment from Justice Department.

   Source: Committee

5. 30 July 1986

   Committee

   Committee on Judiciary received executive comment from Administrative Office of the United States Courts.

   Source: Committee

6. 12 August 1986

   Committee

   Subcommittee on Patents, Copyrights and Trademarks. Approved for full committee consideration with an amendment in the nature of a substitute favorably.

   Source: Committee

7. 19 September 1986

   Reported

   Committee on Judiciary. Ordered to be reported with an amendment in the nature of a substitute favorably.

   Source: Committee

8. 27 September 1986

   Calendars

   Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 1010.

   Source: Calendars

9. 27 September 1986

   Reported

   Committee on Judiciary. Reported to Senate by Senator Thurmond with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Without written report.

   Source: Committee

10. 27 September 1986

    Reported

    Committee on Judiciary. Reported to Senate by Senator Thurmond with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Without written report.

    Source: Committee

11. 1 October 1986

    Introduced

    Referred to the Committee on Commerce by unanimous consent for a period of 24 hours.

    Source: IntroReferral

12. 2 October 1986

    Calendars

    Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 1064.

    Source: Calendars

13. 2 October 1986

    Discharge

    Senate Committee on Commerce discharged. Pursuant to the order of October 1, 1986.

    Source: Discharge

14. 2 October 1986

    Committee

    Senate Committee on Commerce discharged. Pursuant to the order of October 1, 1986.

    Source: Committee

15. 17 October 1986

    Floor

    By Senator Thurmond from Committee on Judiciary filed written report. Report No. 99-541.

    Source: Floor

16. 17 October 1986

    Committee

    By Senator Thurmond from Committee on Judiciary filed written report. Report No. 99-541.

    Source: Committee

Votes

No vote records are attached yet.

Versions

No version snapshots stored. Document URLs remain at the source.

Documents

2 official files

• Reported to Senate with amendment(s)

  summary · EN · 27 September 1986

  Open at official source

• Introduced in Senate

  summary · EN · 19 June 1986

  Open at official source

Sponsors

• Sen. Leahy, Patrick J. [D-VT] · D · Sponsor
• Sen. Mathias, Charles McC., Jr. [R-MD] · R · Sponsor
• Sen. Thurmond, Strom [R-SC] · R · Cosponsor
• Rep. Andrews, Mark [R-ND-At Large] · R · Cosponsor
• Sen. Stafford, Robert T. [R-VT] · R · Cosponsor
• Sen. DeConcini, Dennis [D-AZ] · D · Cosponsor
• · sscm00 · Standing
• · ssju00 · Standing

Related records

No cross-record relationships stored yet.