United States · United States Congress · 21 October 1988
Acid Deposition Control Act of 1988 - Amends title I (Air Pollution Prevention and Control) of the Clean Air Act to allocate required reductions in sulfur dioxide emissions among powerplants and States. Requires States to set emission limitations for oxides of nitrogen from: (1) electric utility steam generating units using tangential and wall-fired boilers; and (2) other electric utility steam generating units if the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency determines that reductions at comparable cost-effectiveness are reasonably feasible. Directs each State which is required to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide or oxides of nitrogen pursuant to this Act to submit a revised State implementation plan to the Administrator which establishes enforceable emissions limitations, compliance schedules, conservation measures, and other enforceable measures necessary to achieve such emission reductions. Prohibits a State from allocating an emission reduction to a small utility powerplant whose costs of compliance would significantly exceed the Statewide average for all fossil-fuel fired powerplants and result in significant adverse competitive effects on the small utility. Requires the Administrator to issue guidelines, within nine months of this Act's enactment, for the development and implementation of emissions trading programs. Prohibits the Administrator from approving emission trading unless the electric utility: (1) demonstrates that the total aggregate tonnage of emissions reduction will be no less than would be achieved absent such trading; (2) agrees to install and operate continuous emission monitoring for sulfur dioxide; and (3) maintains, and makes available to the public, records of its operations and emissions. Directs the Administrator to impose fees on persons who generate or import electric energy which shall be credited to the Acid Deposition Control Fund out of which payments will be made to electric utilities to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions. Makes the portion of costs covered dependent on the control measures employed. Imposes other conditions on such payments to ensure that utilities are rewarded for cost-effective emission control measures. Requires the Administrator to survey the history of reviews and revisions of new source performance standards for sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen applicable to electric utility boilers and report to the Congress, within nine months of this Act's enactment, on the results of such survey. Directs the Secretary of Energy to establish a Clean Coal, Acid Deposition and Climate Change Control Technology Installation Program which shall provide grants, from FY 1989 through 1993, to owners or operators of fossil-fuel fired steam generating units for the installation of clean coal technology, conservation measures, or renewable resource technology, or any combination thereof, which has not been adequately demonstrated on a commercial scale and has a reasonable likelihood of achieving more cost-effective continuous emission reductions than measures or technology which has been adequately demonstrated on a commercial scale. Authorizes appropriations for such program for FY 1989 through 1992. Authorizes the Administrator to issue an extension on emission standards compliance deadlines to owners or operators of fossil-fuel fired steam generating units who made a good faith effort to install and operate the measures or technology for which a grant has been authorized under this Act.
United States · United States Congress · 20 October 1988
International Peacekeeping Activities Authorization Act of 1988 - Authorizes the President to transfer specified funds during FY 1989 to the Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities Account or the Peacekeeping Operations Account of the Department of State in order to meet requests for contributions or other assistance for new international peacekeeping activities. Provides that such transferred funds shall be deemed to be authorized to be appropriated for such accounts. Subjects any transfer or obligation of such funds to the regular reprogramming procedures of the relevant committees of the Congress.
United States · United States Congress · 4 October 1988
Extends the period of congressional review specified in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 with respect to the proposed arrangement under the Agreement for Cooperation between the United States and Japan involving U.S. approval for the sea transport of plutonium from France or the United Kingdom to Japan.
United States · United States Congress · 4 October 1988
Commends the selection of the United Nations peacekeeping forces as the recipients of the 1988 Nobel Peace Prize. Recognizes their coverage and supports their continued efforts to strengthen international peace and security. Urges the United Nations to redouble its efforts to secure the release of the U.S. citizens and other hostages being held in the Middle East.
United States · United States Congress · 4 October 1988
Expresses the sense of the Congress that: (1) the Amateur Basketball Association United States of America and the U.S. Olympic Committee should promote the adoption of rules that would make all basketball players eligible to compete in the Olympic games; and (2) the U.S. Olympic Committee should promote the elimination of the distinction between amateur and professional athletes in all sports for purposes of eligibility to compete in the Olympic games.
United States · United States Congress · 30 September 1988
Waste Act to Save the Environment - Amends the Solid Waste Disposal Act to establish as an objective of such Act the assurance that solid waste exports are managed in accordance with environmental standards no less strict than Federal standards in this country. Prohibits the export of solid waste except when there is an agreement between the United States and the receiving country which provides for the exchange of information regarding such export and its management, cooperation in the enforcement of the agreement, and biannual review of the agreement's effectiveness. Requires exporters of solid waste to register with and submit specified export and export management information to the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency who shall annually submit a report to the Congress summarizing such information. Prohibits the export of a solid waste until the Administrator finds that the transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal of such export will be carried out in accordance with environmental standards no less strict than Federal standards in this country. Authorizes the Administrator to impose fees on exporters to defray the costs of administering this Act. Imposes criminal penalties against persons who knowingly violate this Act's requirements.
United States · United States Congress · 27 September 1988
Declares that the Congress urges the Administration to refrain from submitting any proposal in the GATT negotiations that would consider maritime transportation activity as being within the scope of "trade in services" and to reject any proposals made by foreign nations which are similar or which would lead to a contraction of the merchant marine.
United States · United States Congress · 23 September 1988
Amends title XVIII (Medicare) of the Social Security Act to cover telebinocular low vision aids or telescopic eyeglasses for individuals with low vision.
United States · United States Congress · 23 September 1988
Indoor Air Quality Act of 1988 - Directs the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish a national research, development, and demonstration program to assure the quality of indoor air, including coordinating and accelerating efforts related to the causes, detection, and correction of contaminated air. Requires such program to include information collection and dissemination, cooperative research, grants, studies, development of techniques, facility construction, and conferences. Requires that research focus on human health effects and the identification of types and levels of contaminants likely to cause harm, including the development of methodology and techniques for detection and control. Authorizes the Administrator to assist technology demonstration activities based on a technology's potential to cost-effectively control sources of contaminants which pose the greatest risk. Limits Federal funding to 75 percent of costs. Directs the Administrator to periodically publish general reports on the findings of such demonstration activities and provide such reports to the Indoor Air Clearinghouse. Requires the Administrator to publish and furnish the Indoor Air Clearinghouse with bulletins assessing technologies and management practices for the control and measurement of indoor air contaminants. Directs the Administrator to: (1) develop protocols for the measurement of radon gas in child care facilities; and (2) disseminate information concerning techniques for measuring and reducing radon levels in child care facilities and characteristics of child care facilities with high radon risks. Authorizes the Administrator to: (1) provide States with devices and the use of EPA laboratories for testing child care facilities for radon; and (2) undertake diagnostic and remedial efforts to reduce radon levels in nonresidential child care facilities. Requires the Administrator to conduct a study and report to the Congress within three years of this Act's enactment on the appropriateness, feasibility, and implications of considering human exposure to indoor air pollutants in developing ambient air quality standards and national emissions standards for hazardous air pollutants under the Clean Air Act. Directs the Administrator to conduct and report to the Congress within two years of this Act's enactment on a national assessment of the seriousness and extent of indoor air contamination in buildings owned by local educational agencies. Directs the Administrator to report to the Congress by the beginning of FY 1989 on activities conducted under this Act. Requires the Administrator to publish and biennially revise a list of contaminants known to occur in indoor air. Provides for additions to such list upon application of a State Governor. Requires the Administrator to publish advisory materials addressing the human health effects of listed contaminants which describe the properties, effects, risks, and concentrations of such contaminants. Directs the Indoor Air Panel of the EPA Science Advisory Board to assist in the listing and advisories. Requires that such advisories be updated every five years. Directs the Administrator to develop and publish a national indoor air quality response plan describing actions to be taken pursuant to existing statutory authority to reduce listed indoor air contaminants to safe levels. Requires that such plans include the dissemination of information, education programs, and the provision of technical assistance. Requires that the response plan identify the contaminant, the basis for the action, the nature of the response, the responsible Federal authority, the necessary financial resources, and situations where existing statutory authority or technology is inadequate to address contamination problems. Requires the Administrator of the General Services Administration (GSA) to prepare a response plan to reduce listed indoor air contaminants to safe levels in Federal buildings. Exempts certain Federal buildings for national security, demolition, or special use purposes. Requires response plans to be submitted to the Congress on a biennial basis. Directs the GSA to reserve 0.5 percent of funds appropriated for the construction of new Federal buildings for the design and construction of air contaminant reduction measures and report upon the completion of each Federal building on the use made of reserved funds. Requires that any new EPA headquarters be designed and operated as a model to demonstrate principles and practices for the protection of indoor air quality. Authorizes grants to States for the development of management strategies and indoor air quality assessment and response programs similar to those of the Federal program. Directs the Administrator to establish an Office of Indoor Air Quality within EPA's Office of Air and Radiation to implement agency responsibilities under this Act. Establishes a Council on Indoor Air Quality to coordinate Federal activities and advise the President. Requires the Council to report to the Congress on a biennial basis. Directs the Administrator and the Secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban Development to enter into a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), within six months of this Act's enactment, to define their respective responsibilities and planned actions to address radon hazards. Requires the Secretary to report to the Congress on actions taken to implement such MOU within two years of this Act's enactment. Directs the Administrator to establish a national indoor air quality clearinghouse which shall operate a toll-free line on indoor air quality. Requires the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to implement a Building Assessment Demonstration Program to support the development of methods for assessing indoor air contamination in non-residential, non-industrial buildings and to provide building owners and occupants with assistance and guidance in reducing indoor air contamination. Authorizes building owners or occupants, or representatives of employees working in a building, to submit building assessment proposals which shall be selected or denied on the basis of specified considerations, including the apparent seriousness and extent of building air contamination. Sets forth reporting requirements. Directs the Administrator to make grants to institutions of higher learning to establish and operate five regional radon training centers to provide instruction on radon diagnosis and mitigation and disseminate information on radon. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1989 through 1993.
United States · United States Congress · 23 September 1988
Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to authorize the President to furnish disaster assistance to Jamaica to alleviate the suffering caused by Hurricane Gilbert. Authorizes appropriations. Requires that a certain amount of such appropriations be transferred to the Peace Corps for disaster relief programs in Jamaica under the Peace Corps Act.
United States · United States Congress · 22 September 1988
Amends rule I of the Rules of the House of Representatives to require the Speaker of the House to implement closed caption broadcasting of floor proceedings for hearing-impaired individuals.
United States · United States Congress · 16 September 1988
Immigration Nursing Relief Act of 1988 - Amends the Immigration and Nationality Act to grant special immigrant status to an immigrant (and accompanying spouse and children): (1) who entered the United States before January 1, 1988, as a nonimmigrant to perform services as a registered nurse; (2) who is working in such capacity with a valid visa as of the date of enactment of this Act; and (3) with respect to whom a labor certification has been filed prior to the granting of special immigrant status. Sets forth the following conditions for admission of nonimmigrant nurses during the five-year period beginning on April 1, 1989: (1) a professional nursing license from the country where the alien studied nursing or a degree from a U.S. or Canadian nursing school; (2) completion of an appropriate examination or possession of a license in the State of intended employment; (3) such alien's employment will not adversely affect wages and working conditions of similarly employed nurses; (4) a substantial disruption of the hiring health facility's services will occur without the services of such alien; (5) the facility has taken steps toward recruitment and retention of U.S. citizens or immigrant nurses; and (6) there is no ongoing labor dispute or related activity at such facility. Provides for an initial admission period of up to three years, with extensions up to a five-year total (six years under extraordinary circumstances). Directs the Secretary of Labor to provide for the appointment by April 1, 1990, of an advisory group to advise the Secretary: (1) concerning the impact of this Act on the nursing shortage; (2) regarding programs to recruit U.S. citizens or immigrant nurses; and (3) regarding the advisability of extending the provisions of this Act beyond April 1, 1994. Directs the Secretary to conduct a study and report to the Congress by April 1, 1991, regarding the amendments made by this Act.
United States · United States Congress · 8 September 1988
Title I: Overseas Private Investment Corporation - Overseas Private Investment Corporation Amendments Act of 1988 - Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to update and increase the per capita income levels established for countries with respect to which the Overseas Private Investment Corporation is required to either give preferential consideration (the least developed countries) or restrict its activities (the higher income developing countries). Authorizes the Corporation to designate up to 25 percent of any loan from the Direct Investment Fund for use by a project sponsor in the development or adaptation in the United States of new technologies or new products or services that are likely to contribute to the economic or social development of less developed countries. Authorizes the Corporation to establish a four-year pilot program in sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean Basin to assist eligible projects through the provision of limited equity capital. Requires the Corporation, in conducting such pilot project, to give preferential consideration to projects sponsored by or significantly involving U.S. small businesses or cooperatives. Authorizes the Corporation to establish a fund to be available solely for the purposes of such pilot project and to make a one-time transfer to such fund of a specified amount from its income and revenues. Requires the Corporation to undertake cooperative programs with the private insurance industry designed to enhance the private political risk insurance industry in the United States. Requires the Corporation to establish a group to advise the Corporation on the development and implementation of such cooperative programs. Requires the Corporation to include in its annual report to the Congress an assessment of such programs. Specifies the types of information to be included in such assessment. Increases the ceiling on the Corporation's investment guaranty authority. Extends the authority of the Corporation to issue investment insurance and guaranties until September 30, 1992. Removes Romania from the list of countries eligible for Corporation programs upon a finding that such programs in those countries would be in the national interest. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the Corporation should continue to: (1) encourage U.S. small businesses to invest in the world's developing countries; and (2) encourage minority-owned U.S. small businesses to invest in the world's developing countries, as such businesses are well suited to the economic and social development needs of such countries. Specifies that prohibitions on U.S. assistance for Haiti during FY 1988 shall not be construed to apply with respect to the Corporation unless the prohibition specifically states that it does apply. Title II: Board for International Broadcasting - Amends the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989 to authorize appropriations to the Board for International Broadcasting for radio transmitter construction and modernization. Authorizes appropriations for the construction of a relay station in Israel.
United States · United States Congress · 8 September 1988
National Guardianship Rights Act of 1988 - Grants the following rights to allegedly incapacitated individuals with respect to guardianship proceedings: (1) the nonwaivable right of prompt notice that includes specified required contents; (2) the right to a convenient forum; (3) the right to be present at all proceedings, unless disability prevents attendance; (4) the right to counsel; and (5) the right to an independent professional guardianship evaluation team of specified membership to examine the individual, report, and be available for cross examination during the guardianship proceedings. Requires dismissal of the guardianship action if the team determines the individual to be free of any incapacity. Grants the right to a jury in a guardianship proceeding, as well as the right to present evidence, call witnesses, and cross examine. Requires clear and convincing evidence that an individual is incapacitated and that no less restrictive form of intervention is available before a guardianship order may be issued. Discounts age as a basis for determining incapacity. Limits both the scope and duration of transfers of responsibility for the care and protection of an incapacitated person or the management of his or her estate to the minimum necessitated by the particular incapacity. Permits the individual to retain all rights not expressly transferred in the guardianship order. Dissolves the order if its justification ceases to exist. Grants to an incapacitated individual the right to a competent and trained guardian. Prohibits convicted felons from serving as guardians. Permits the right of appeal and the right to a prompt reconsideration of the determination of incapacity, the guardianship order, or the choice of guardian. Requires: (1) guardians to report to the court at least annually on the financial, mental, physical, and personal status of the incapacitated person; and (2) courts to investigate at least annually the well-being of persons protected under their guardianship orders. Directs States to submit to the Attorney General implementation plans indicating compliance with this Act. Describes procedures and timetables associated with these plans, including mandatory sanctions for States that fail to comply. Authorizes waiver of this Act's provisions if necessary to provide an emergency guardianship of up to 72 hours to provide emergency medical treatment or shelter for an individual. Empowers the Attorney General to make grants to the States to enable compliance with this Act. Enumerates permitted grant uses. Describes application and selection procedures. Authorizes appropriations. Permits States to impose additional or more extensive protections that do not conflict with this Act.
United States · United States Congress · 8 September 1988
Directs the President to: (1) exert U.S. leadership to achieve negotiation of an international convention to preserve biological diversity; and (2) report to the Congress on the progress toward such negotiation.
United States · United States Congress · 11 August 1988
Helping Expand Access to Long-Term Health Care Act of 1988 - Amends title XVIII (Medicare) of the Social Security Act to establish a new program under part C of such title providing grants to States for the provision of home care, adult day health care, and respite care (noninstitutional long-term care) to Medicare beneficiaries. Makes a Medicare beneficiary eligible for home care and adult day health care benefits if he or she cannot perform at least two activities from a specified list of daily living activities or suffers from a similar level of disability as a result of cognitive impairment. Makes a beneficiary eligible for respite care benefits if he or she cannot perform at least one daily living activity or suffers from a similar level of disability as a result of cognitive impairment and is dependent on the uncompensated daily assistance of a primary caregiver with whom he or she resides. Requires case managers to review the eligibility of individuals for noninstitutional long-term care and conduct follow-up assessments of an individual's care to ensure that appropriate utilization levels are maintained. Provides individuals with a reconsideration of an eligibility determination and an administrative hearing in the event of an adverse reconsideration. Authorizes States to: (1) limit payment for home care benefits to 65 percent of the average annual cost of Medicare skilled nursing facility services and charge individuals whose income exceeds 200 percent of the Federal poverty level a copayment of five dollars per home visit; (2) cover no more than 125 days of adult day health care each year, set a reasonable cost limit on payments for such care, and impose a five dollar copayment for each day of care for individual's whose income exceeds 200 percent of the Federal poverty level; and (3) set a $2,000 limit on total expenses incurred for respite care and impose a 25 percent copayment for such incurred expenses. Imposes conditions on the participation of adult day health care centers, including the requirement that each center have a multidisciplinary team of personnel which evaluates the needs of eligible individuals and develops individualized treatment and service plans which address such needs. Requires each State to maintain its current level of expenditures on noninstitutional long-term care for Medicare beneficiaries, with the Federal Government covering the additional cost of the part C program. Prohibits any State from having to finance more than 25 percent of the costs of such program, but requires States to cover at least five percent of such costs. Requires any State which has noninstitutional long term care savings by reason of the Federal Government's coverage of 75 percent of program costs to use such savings to provide health care for medically underserved individuals in the State. Increases the State contribution percentage when States exceed projected program costs. Establishes the Long-Term Care Estimates Board which shall rule on a State's appeal of the Secretary of Health and Human Services' estimate of the amount which will be expended by the State to provide noninstitutional long-term care benefits for a calendar year. Authorizes States to submit their own estimates of such amount to the Secretary by August 1 of the preceding calendar year. Establishes the Federal Long-Term Care Assistance Trust Fund from which part C payments shall be made. Requires the transfer to such trust fund of amounts saved in other Federal programs by reason of part C coverage. Amends part B (Peer Review) of title XI of the Act to require peer review organizations to periodically review the part C eligibility determinations made by case managers. Limits total Federal part C funding for 1989 to $1,000,000,000. Authorizes the Secretary to allow a State to temporarily conduct a modified part C program if such State does not have sufficient service networks or trained personnel to provide the benefits set forth in this Act. Finances this Act's expansion of Medicare benefits by eliminating the limit on wages or self-employment income subject to the Medicare hospital insurance tax and transferring resultant revenues from the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund to the Federal Long-Term Care Assistance Trust Fund. Sets forth study and reporting requirements relating to the part C program.
United States · United States Congress · 11 August 1988
States that the U.S. delegation to the United Nations Environment Program working group meeting in Geneva, Switzerland, for the purpose of drafting a global convention on the transboundary movement of hazardous waste should support inclusion in the convention of: (1) a global ban on all transboundary movements of hazardous waste; (2) a definition of hazardous waste that includes all wastes potentially adversely affecting human health; (3) provisions fostering environmentally sound technologies; and (4) a requirement that the ban apply even if the receiving country is not a party to the convention.
United States · United States Congress · 8 August 1988
Closed-Captioned Television Services for the Hearing-Impaired Act of 1988 - Amends part A (General Provisions) of title XI of the Social Security Act to permit participation in the Medicaid and Medicare programs only to hospitals which certify that each patient is provided, upon request, with a room furnished with a television capable of displaying closed-captioning and that notice of this service is given to the patient at the time of admission. Exempts hospitals that do not make televisions available to patients. Institutes comparable requirements for nursing care facilities and intermediate care facilities for the mentally retarded, requiring that televisions in common areas of the relevant facility be capable of displaying closed-captioning. Amends the Public Health Service Act and other Federal law to institute the same requirements for Public Health Service facilities and for hospitals, nursing homes, and domiciliary facilities under the direct jurisdiction of the Veterans Administration. Amends the Higher Education Act of 1965 to require institutions of higher education and vocational schools, in order to be eligible for student assistance programs, to certify that televisions capable of displaying closed-captioning are available for use in classrooms and common areas, unless the Secretary of Education determines that waiver or modification is appropriate. Amends the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to require any local educational agency conducting programs that include television program viewing to certify that the televisions used are capable of displaying closed-captioning, unless the Secretary of Education determines that waiver or modification is appropriate. Directs all Federal entities that use television or video programming to provide public information or educational services to make reasonable efforts to caption the programming and make it available to the general public and to organizations that serve the hearing-impaired. Prohibits Federal funding of conferences, seminars, or similar activities held in a public lodging establishment that does not, upon request, provide guests with rooms furnished with televisions capable of displaying closed-captioning. Permits the Secretary of the Treasury to waive this prohibition if the entity sponsoring or funding the event certifies that the waiver would be appropriate. Requires federally funded or federally sponsored public service announcements to be closed-captioned.
United States · United States Congress · 4 August 1988
Pays tribute to the friendship between the Republic of Korea and the United States. Supports the choice of Seoul as the host city for the 1988 Summer Olympic Games and commends the Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee for its work. Urges the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to participate in the Games as an important gesture in the reduction of tensions in northeast Asia.
United States · United States Congress · 3 August 1988
Commends President Vassiliou of Cyprus and Turkish Cypriot leader Denktash for agreeing to meet to resolve the Cyprus issue. Congratulates United Nations Secretary General Javier Perez de Cuellar for arranging the meeting and expresses support for continued U.N. mediation in Cyprus.
United States · United States Congress · 2 August 1988
Directs the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to make grants to the State of Washington Puget Sound Water Quality Authority for use in: (1) implementing and updating the Puget Sound Water Quality Management Plan; (2) implementing a program for ambient monitoring of the water quality of Puget Sound; (3) supporting research which will increase understanding of Puget Sound and human impacts on the Sound; and (4) conducting other activities related to improving the water quality of Puget Sound. Limits Federal funding to no more than 75 percent of the costs of grant activities. Requires the Authority to report to the Administrator by January 31 of each year on the grant activities of the preceding year. Authorizes appropriations.
United States · United States Congress · 28 July 1988
Condemns the Romanian Government's systematic violation of human rights. Protests the planned program of destruction of traditional settlements in violation of human rights, minority cultural rights, and property rights. Urges institutional reforms by the Romanian Government to comply with international agreements, including the Helsinki Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Urges continued presidential and Secretary of State action to bring about reforms. Urges the President not to consider providing any special benefit for Romania until a thorough human rights reform is instituted, including substantial actual improvement in the right of emigration, the rights of national minorities, and freedom of religion.
United States · United States Congress · 14 July 1988
Women's Business Ownership Act of 1988 - Title I: Congressional Findings and Purposes - Sets forth congressional findings and purposes with respect to small businesses owned and controlled by women. Title II: Demonstration Projects - Amends the Small Business Act to direct the Small Business Administration (SBA) to provide financial assistance to private organizations to conduct demonstration projects giving financial, management, and marketing assistance to small businesses, including start-up businesses, owned and controlled by women. Describes application criteria. Requires the SBA to report to the congressional Small Business Committees on the projects. Terminates authority for this pilot program on October 1, 1991. Authorizes appropriations. Title III: Procurement Assistance - Amends the Small Business Act to include small business concerns owned and operated by women as a discrete group for purposes of Government contracts and subcontracts and procurement programs. (Current law governing these programs refers expressly only to small business concerns and small business concerns owned and controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals as groups targeted for assistance.) Instructs the Director of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization of each Federal agency to designate a Women-in-Business Specialist to be responsible for programs designed to assist concerns owned and controlled by women. Directs Federal agencies, in their procurement activities, to engage in affirmative action to identify and solicit offers from small businesses owned and controlled by either women or socially and economically disadvantaged individuals. Title IV: Access to Capital - Amends the Consumer Credit Protection Act to prohibit the Federal Reserve Board, except under limited circumstances, from exempting from such Act's provisions any class of transactions that are primarily for personal, family, or household purposes, or business or commercial loans made available by a financial institution. Limits to five years any exemption authorized under the circumstances specified in this Act, unless a subsequent determination is made that the exemption remains appropriate. Requires lenders to keep records relating to loans and to provide written notice to applicants of their right to receive notice of reasons for a loan denial. Authorizes the SBA to establish a certified loan program for lenders that display knowledge and proficiency with respect to SBA regulations and programs. Directs the SBA to encourage small business loans of $50,000 or less under both this new program and the preferred lenders program in FY 1989 through 1991 by permitting participating lenders to: (1) use their own forms without regard to SBA paperwork; and (2) retain one-half of the loan guarantee fee. Requires SBA reporting to specified congressional committees in connection with the certified loan program. Directs the Federal Reserve Board, the Comptroller of the Currency, the Department of Commerce, and the SBA jointly to study levels of availability of and demand for debt and equity capital by small businesses, as well as innovative financing techniques to meet any unmet demand. Requires reporting to the congressional Small Business Committees. Title V: National Women's Business Council - Establishes the National Women's Business Council to review the status of women-owned businesses nationwide and to develop detailed multiyear plans in connection with both private and public sector actions to assist and promote such businesses. Requires annual reporting to both the President and the Congress. Title VI: Statistical Data and Effect on Other Programs - Directs: (1) the Bureau of Labor Statistics to include in its census reports on women-owned businesses specified information on sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations; (2) the Bureau of the Census to include in its Business Census data the number of corporations that are 51 percent or more owned by women; (3) the SBA's Office of the Chief Counsel for Advocacy to report on the most cost-effective and accurate ways to gather and present the statistics required in these census reports; and (4) Federal agencies to report to the Office of Federal Procurement Policy the number of first-time contract recipients that are small businesses owned and controlled either by women or by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals. Requires the President's annual Report on Small Business and Competition to include in separate detail information relevant to small businesses owned and controlled either by women or by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals.
United States · United States Congress · 14 July 1988
Expresses U.S. support for the restoration of full and genuine democracy in Chile. Condemns Chilean violence. Urges the Chilean Government to create a climate of freedom and fair competition before the upcoming plebiscite by guaranteeing termination of states of exception, registration of voters, access to the media, freedom of assembly, access by international visitors to polling places, and the public tabulation of ballots.
United States · United States Congress · 14 July 1988
Resolves that the Congress should implement policies under which: (1) the Bell operating companies would be permitted to provide information services, conduct research, design and market software, and design, manufacture, and market telecommunications equipment and customer premises equipment; and (2) statutory safeguards would ensure that these Bell activities would not harm telephone service customers or competition in the information services or manufacturing industries and would prevent cross subsidies between regulated and unregulated service offerings.
United States · United States Congress · 13 July 1988
Automobile Fuel Efficiency Amendments of 1988 - Title I: Amendments to Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act - Amends the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act to require the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to consult with the Secretary of Energy before establishing testing and calculation procedures for measuring automobile fuel economy. Authorizes (currently, directs) the Administrator to require fuel economy tests in conjunction with emissions tests conducted under the Clean Air Act. Directs the Administrator to measure a sampling of production passenger automobiles for each model type and year during the first month of manufacture for sale. Requires the adjustment of average fuel economy standards when necessary. Requires manufacturers to reflect any changes in such standards on automobile labels not more than 90 days after such changes are available. Requires that Federal testing and calculation procedures be repeated over a period of years to monitor automobile performance in use to determine the extent of decline in fuel economy. Increases fuel economy standards for model years 1995 through 1999 and thereafter. Authorizes the Secretary of Transportation, by rule, to amend such standards to a level determined feasible. Establishes the average fuel economy standard for automobiles which are not passenger automobiles (light trucks) for model years 1991 through 1998 and thereafter. Exempts manufacturers of less than 10,000 light trucks per year from such standards to a level determined feasible. Establishes the average fuel economy standard for automobiles which are not passenger automobiles (light trucks) for model year 1991 through 1998 and thereafter. Exempts manufacturers of less than 410,000 light trucks per year from such standards. Conditions such exemption upon the Secretary's establishing alternative standards. Directs the President to promulgate rules requiring light trucks used by the Federal Government to meet average fuel economy standards. Directs the Administrator to update the booklet containing fuel economy data at least twice a year. Directs the Secretary of Energy to distribute at least 100 booklets each year to each dealer and additional numbers if requested. Directs the Secretary of Transportation to award fuel efficiency incentive grants to States which have in effect qualified revenue-raising measures designed to encourage automobile fuel efficiency. Vests jurisdiction in the U.S. district courts for injunctive enforcement of labeling and mileage guide requirements. Directs the Secretary, within two years of enactment of this Act, to submit suggestions to the Congress for additional legislation to carry out its purposes and the purposes of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act. Requires the Director of the Office of Technology Assessment to determine whether manufacturers are likely to comply with the revised average fuel economy standards without new incentives. Requires the Director to suggest cost-effective incentives if necessary to assure compliance. Requires the Secretary to promulgate test procedures for determining the relative fuel economy of automobile tires. Directs the Secretary to prescribe labeling rules applicable to all tires for which test procedures are established and requires manufacturers to comply with such rules. Sets forth civil penalties for violations of such labeling requirements and vests jurisdiction in the U.S. district courts to restrain such violations. Title II: Amendments to Internal Revenue Code Relating to Compliance With Average Fuel Economy Standards by Automobile Manufacuturers - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to impose a low average fuel economy excise tax on automobile manufacturers for model years 1991, 1994, and 1988. Allows a credit against such fuel economy tax for manufacturers who exceed the average fuel economy standard.
United States · United States Congress · 13 July 1988
Amends the Export Administration Act of 1979 to prohibit the export of petroleum products (from Alaska and from the rest of the United States) that are domestically produced by oil refineries owned by non-U.S. citizens. Sets forth specified exceptions.
United States · United States Congress · 12 July 1988
Drought Assistance Act of 1988 - Title I: Emergency Livestock Assistance - Amends the Agricultural Act of 1949 to add a new title VI which may be cited as the "Emergency Livestock Feed Assistance Act of 1988." Directs the Secretary of Agriculture to provide emergency feed assistance in any State, county, or area of a State where disease or other natural disaster has created a livestock emergency. States that the Governor of a State or a county committee may request the Secretary to make a livestock emergency determination and to provide assistance. Authorizes the Secretary to make such determination on his own initiative. Requires the Secretary to make such determination within 30 days of request and to notify the requesting party of any proposed action. States that producers in counties eligible for the emergency feed or emergency feed assistance programs in 1988 shall maintain such eligibility and be eligible for assistance under this title. Directs the Secretary to determine such counties' eligibility for assistance under this title. States that an eligible producer may receive assistance as follows: (1) assistance to offset inadequate feed stocks resulting from on-farm losses; and (2) assistance to maintain foundation herds if the producer does not have, and is unable to obtain through normal channels without undue cost, necessary feed stocks. Sets forth the following assistance programs available under this title: (1) Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) feed donations and reduced price sales; (2) partial reimbursement of feed purchase expenses; and (3) partial reimbursement of transportation and handling costs for such CCC feed, for hay, and for transporting livestock to and from available grazing areas (not to exceed $24 a head). Permits the Secretary to: (1) make in-kind payments; and (2) provide assistance through feed dealers or manufacturers. Authorizes the Secretary to provide the following additional assistance if necessary: (1) CCC feed donations for stranded and unidentified livestock, including transportation costs; (2) water assistance; and (3) CCC catalog commodities in lots appropriate to family farmers. Limits total assistance under this title for each livestock disaster to any one person to $50,000. Subjects each person (including individual members of a cooperative producer association) to the overall payment limitation ($100,000) under this Act. Prohibits a person from receiving assistance under this title for lost feed production due to the 1988 drought to the extent that such person receives production disaster payments under this Act. Subjects persons who misuse such assistance to a civil penalty equal to the market value of the involved fee, and a fine of up to $1000 or imprisonment for up to one year, or both. Amends the Agricultural Act of 1949 to repeal the Secretary's authority to reduce 1989 milk price supports (50-cents per hundredweight). Title II: Disaster Payment - Provides that, for producers of the 1988 crops of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, extra long staple cotton, or rice who participated in the production adjustment program under the Agricultural Act of 1949, the Secretary shall make disaster payments to those producers who have suffered at least 35 percent production losses due to the 1988 drought or related condition. States that such payments shall be made at a rate equal to 65 percent of the established price for deficiencies below 65 percent. Exempts such producers from advance deficiency repayments for up to 35 percent of crop losses. Permits eligible producers who had elected not to receive such payments prior to enactment of this Act to change their decision. Provides similar disaster payments to producers who did not participate in such production adjustment program. Bases payments on the basic county loan rate (or comparable price). Provides similar disaster payments to producers of the 1988 crops of peanuts, tobacco, sugar beets, and sugarcane. Bases payments for peanuts and tobacco on the basic county loan rate (or comparable price), and for sugar beets and sugarcane on 1988 price support levels. Provides for prevented planting credit. Sets forth special payment provisions for peanuts, including deficiency payments based on quota and additional peanuts. Provides similar disaster payments to producers of the 1988 soybean and nonprogram crops. Bases payments on a specified percentage of the average market price received in three of the last five years (excluding high and low years). Provides for prevented planting credit. Reduces payments to producers with Federal crop insurance under a specified crop-type determination. Authorizes the Secretary to transfer CCC funds during FY 1988 to the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service to carry out the provisions of this title. Directs the Secretary, within 15 days after enactment of this Act, to announce the terms by which producers may prove their yield on crops harvested for silage or other forage uses. Directs the Secretary to make disaster payments under this title in the form of cash, commodities, or commodity certificates. Limits individuals to $100,000 in disaster payments. Limits a person to $100,000 of combined assistance for crop disaster assistance and livestock disaster assistance. Permits a person to elect which form of assistance to receive. Prohibits a person from receiving disaster payments attributable to 1988 drought-caused crop losses to the extent that such person receives livestock emergency benefits for such lost production under the Agricultural Act of 1949. Title III: General Provisions - Subtitle A: Commodity Stock Adjustment - Amends the Agricultural Act of 1949 to authorize the Secretary, if an acreage limitation program is in effect for 1989 and 1990, to permit producers to plant soybeans or sunflowers on between ten percent and 35 percent of permitted crop acreage. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the Secretary should provide export assistance for cottonseeds and sunflower seeds if such crop prices are adversely affected by soybean and sunflower plantings under this title. Directs the Secretary to permit producers to designate any portion of their 1989 or 1990 farm acreage base for oats if the feed grain acreage base for such years is less than 12.5 percent. Expresses the sense of the Congress that, with respect to the 1989 and 1990 feed grain crops, if such crops' acreage limitation percentage exceeds 12.5 percent the Secretary should establish the lowest possible oats acreage limitation if market imbalances for barley and oats exist. Provides that, effective for the 1988 marketing year for wheat and feed grains, producers may repay specified commodity loans without additional interest or other specified charges if the producer reserve program trigger level has been met. Provides that, if during the 1988 marketing year the Secretary permits producers to place wheat and feed grains into the producer reserve, no storage payments nor interest forgiveness shall be permitted on such stored commodities during the marketing year. Subtitle B: Disaster Credit and Forbearance - Directs the Secretary to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, that Farmers Home Administration direct operating loans for 1989 crop production are made available to producers suffering major losses resulting from the 1988 drought or related condition. Directs the Secretary to make available in FY 1989 specified operating loan guarantees, in addition to existing purposes for such guarantees, to refinance and reamortize 1988 operating debt resulting from major farming or ranching losses resulting from the drought or related condition. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the Secretary should exercise forbearance in debt collection and encourage similar actions by commercial lenders and expedited loan restructuring with respect to producers suffering major drought losses. Subtitle C: Conservation and Water Assistance - Provides that with respect to a producer who harvested hay during the 1988 crop year on conservation reserve program acreage, such producer's rental payments shall not be reduced to the extent that he or she shares the cost of carrying out practices designed to enhance soil, water, and wildlife conservation on such land (or in the vicinity of such land) in accordance with a Soil Conservation Service approved plan. Authorizes the Secretary to: (1) undertake water-problem related projects, including research, grants, technical assistance, loans, and extension services; (2) cooperate with other Federal agencies, State or local units, or public or private entities; and (3) accept funds from non-Federal sources to carry out such activities. Authorizes appropriations. Subtitle D: Rural Businesses - Directs the Secretary to make rural industrialization loans or loan guarantees during FY 1989 to assist rural businesses (including cooperatives) adversely affected by the 1988 drought or related condition. Requires any such loan to meet applicable Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act eligibility requirements. Directs the Secretary, within 90 days of enactment of this Act, to conduct a survey of agriculture-related rural businesses to determine the adverse effects of the 1988 drought and report to the appropriate congressional committees.
United States · United States Congress · 12 July 1988
Waste Export Prohibition Act - Amends the Solid Waste Disposal Act to prohibit the exportation of solid waste from the United States, except as provided for by this Act. Permits the exportation of solid waste in compliance with a bilateral agreement entered into before this Act's enactment between the United States and the country to which the waste is exported. Makes the exportation prohibition inapplicable to materials exported and destined for recycling or reuse unless such material is: (1) a hazardous waste; (2) a substance whose storage, treatment, or disposal is regulated under the Toxic Substances Control Act; (3) mixed municipal solid waste; or (4) ash or other residue from the incineration of solid waste. Subjects persons who violate the solid waste exportation prohibition to a fine and/or imprisonment.
United States · United States Congress · 7 July 1988
Statehood Centennial Commemorative Coin Act of 1989 - Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to mint and issue not more than a specified number of five dollar palladium coins in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the statehood of Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Washington, and Wyoming. Sets forth restrictions on the procurement of palladium for such coins. Sets forth certain features of such coins and provides for their design, issuance, and sale. Requires the Secretary to deposit in the Treasury all surcharges received from the sale of the coins, to be used to reduce the national debt.
United States · United States Congress · 6 July 1988
Urges the Government of Singapore to: (1) release all political prisoners; (2) respect the rights of lawyers; (3) investigate mistreatment of political detainees; and (4) respect the rights of Singaporeans to openly criticize Government policies and speak freely with representatives of human rights organizations, foreign diplomats, and the media. Commends the State Department and the U.S. Embassy in Singapore for monitoring human rights in Singapore. Calls upon the Secretary of State to: (1) urge the Singaporean Government to release persons imprisoned without trial for the peaceful expression of their beliefs; and (2) communicate to the Government of Singapore that contacts between Singaporean citizens and U.S. Embassy officials are an essential aspect of U.S. foreign policy.
United States · United States Congress · 30 June 1988
Black Lung Benefits Check Delivery Assurance Act of 1988 - Amends the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 to provide that if the regularly scheduled delivery date for black lung benefit checks falls on a weekend or a legal public holiday, then such checks shall be mailed for delivery on the first day preceding the weekend or holiday, even if the delivery would be made before the end of the month for which such checks are issued. Provides that if, as a consequence of such modified delivery date, the payment is more than the correct authorized amount, no action shall be taken to recover the incorrect portion.
United States · United States Congress · 30 June 1988
Military Retirement Benefits Check Delivery Assurance Act of 1988 - Requires the early mailing of benefit checks for military retired and retainer pay, Retired Serviceman's Family Protection Plan annuities, and military Survivor Benefit Plan annuities if the day regularly designated for the delivery of such checks falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday.
United States · United States Congress · 30 June 1988
Civil Service and Federal Employee Retirement Check Delivery Assurance Act of 1988 - Provides that if the usual delivery date for civil service retirement checks falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or legal public holiday, then such checks shall be mailed a day earlier than usual.
United States · United States Congress · 30 June 1988
Federal Retirement Applications Processing Act of 1988 - Requires Federal agencies to ensure that employee personnel files include information of all Federal employment for retirement purposes within 180 days after an employee begins service with an agency. Requires an agency, if an employee gives at least four months to one year's notice of intent to retire, to: (1) inform such employee of the agency retirement counselor and applicable seminars; and (2) begin processing disability retirement applications not later than 30 days after the date of the application. Requires the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) to compile quarterly information on the number of retirement applications submitted by agencies and their timeliness and accuracy. Requires agencies that are less than 90 percent timely or more than ten percent inaccurate to prepare corrective action plans to achieve compliance. Directs OPM to report to the Congress annually on such compliance. Requires the agency retirement counselor to conduct seminars at least twice a year.
United States · United States Congress · 30 June 1988
Railroad Retirement Benefits Check Delivery Assurance Act of 1988 - Amends the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974 to provide that if the regularly scheduled delivery date for certain railroad benefits checks falls on a weekend or a legal public holiday, then such checks shall be mailed for delivery on the first day preceding the weekend or holiday, even if the delivery would be made before the end of the month for which such checks are issued. Provides that if, as a consequence of such modified delivery date, the payment is more than the correct authorized amount, no action shall be taken to recover the incorrect portion.
United States · United States Congress · 30 June 1988
Amends the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949 to provide for the vesting in such officer or agency as the President may designate of a portion of Vietnamese property (other than property of private persons) in which transactions were prohibited as of April 30, 1975, under specified regulations. Requires that the property vested shall be a portion of property which, when liquidated, will render: (1) an amount necessary to pay all certified awards made by the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States for claims against Vietnam; and (2) an amount equal to five percent of the total of such certified awards to pay the costs of the Commission and the Department of the Treasury. Requires the designee of the President to liquidate the vested property as expeditiously as possible. Requires that the proceeds from such liquidation be covered over into the Claims Fund established for Vietnamese claims. Provides that upon full payment of such certified awards, the United States shall succeed to all of the rights against Vietnam which form the basis of such awards. Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to require the recipients of such awards to provide release to the U.S. Government of all claims against the U.S. Government or Vietnam arising from the expropriations that are the basis of such awards. Directs the Secretary of State, in developing the U.S. position for balancing of claims in future negotiations with Vietnam, to give full credit to Vietnam upon the establishment of formal diplomatic relations between Vietnam and the United States for the property vested under the provisions of this Act.
United States · United States Congress · 30 June 1988
Revises conflict-of-interest provisions concerning Department of Defense procurement to prohibit former Department officers and employees and former or retired members of the armed services who participated in decisionmaking responsibilities concerning defense contractors from accepting compensation from such contractors for a two-year period following separation from the Department. (Present law imposes such prohibitions only on those officials who performed procurement functions for a majority of working days or who participated in negotiations of contracts or claims in excess of $10,000,000.) Imposes criminal penalties for violations of such prohibition. (Present law provides only civil penalties.) Imposes criminal penalties upon any person who knowingly offers or provides such compensation to a former defense procurement official. (Present law imposes only civil penalties.) Authorizes the Secretary of Defense to exempt from such requirements certain persons appointed to sensitive civilian procurement executive positions. Specifies that such an exemption shall be made with the concurrence of the Director of the Office of Government Ethics. Requires the Secretary to report to the Congress concerning any such exemptions. Requires the Secretary to provide each defense procurement official separated from service a written notice containing: (1) an explanation of the provisions of this Act; and (2) the name of each contractor from whom such person is prohibited from accepting compensation. Specifies that the provisions of this Act shall not apply to contracts for less than $100,000 or to contractors who did less than $100,000 worth of business with the Department in the preceding fiscal year. Allows any person who is considering the propriety of accepting compensation from a defense contractor to apply to the Director of the Office of Government Ethics for advice on the applicability of this Act.
United States · United States Congress · 30 June 1988
Declares that all parties seeking a settlement of the conflict in Cambodia, including the United States, should have among their highest priorities the restoration of an independent Cambodia and the protection of the Cambodian people from a return to power by the Khmer Rouge. Calls on Vietnam to withdraw its forces from Cambodia and deny haven to the Khmer Rouge. Declares that the United States and the international community should use all means available to prevent a return to power of Pol Pot. Calls on the President to seek inclusion, in United Nations resolutions relating to Cambodia, the principle that those responsible for acts of genocide and human rights violations shall not return to power in Cambodia upon the withdrawal of foreign occupation forces. Encourages support of non-Communist Cambodian forces. Declares that the United States, in consultation with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, should consider whether a Cambodian settlement could be facilitated by an international conference on Cambodia and international peacekeeping forces.
United States · United States Congress · 29 June 1988
Caribbean Regional Development Act of 1988 - Declares it to be the policy of the United States in providing development and other economic assistance to the Caribbean to: (1) help the poor to participate in the development of their societies; (2) support development that is environmentally sustainable; (3) promote Caribbean self-reliance; (4) increase food security; (5) promote the diversification of production; (6) advance the process of regional economic integration; (7) support national programs of economic adjustment that promote the policies of this Act; (8) avoid the displacement of traditional lines of small-scale production; (9) preserve and reinforce traditional Caribbean culture and social values; and (10) consult with the intended beneficiaries of U.S. economic assistance. Requires that priority in providing development assistance to the Caribbean shall be given to supporting indigenous Caribbean institutions (including farmers' unions, cooperatives, labor organizations, women's groups, and community organizations) that represent, work with, and benefit the poor. Specifies that Economic Support Fund assistance (ESF) shall be used for assistance for those nations in the Caribbean that are experiencing a scarcity of foreign exchange. Provides that priority in the use of such assistance shall be given to the purchase of: (1) critical commodity imports by small- and medium-sized industries, farms, and cooperatives that have limited access to foreign exchange; and (2) key consumer goods in critically short supply. Provides that preference in the purchase of commodity imports purchased with ESF funds or with local currencies shall be given to commodities within the Caribbean region. Specifies that in providing assistance to the Caribbean area priority in the allocation of funds provided for development assistance and through the ESF and in the allocation of local currencies shall be given to: (1) food self-sufficiency; (2) integrated rural development; (3) community-based agro-industries; (4) financial resources for small- and medium-sized farm and manufacturing enterprises; (5) expansion of tourism; (6) regional integration; (7) upgrading technical and managerial skills; and (8) enhancing the natural resource base. Prohibits the provision of any development assistance for: (1) any government or economic enterprise in the Caribbean that does not enforce internationally recognized worker rights; or (2) the construction of any physical infrastructure in the Caribbean for use by an economic enterprise that does not enforce internationally recognized worker rights. Requires the Agency for International Development (AID) to ensure that any physical infrastructure which is constructed using U.S. development assistance is not thereafter used by any economic enterprise that does not enforce internationally recognized worker rights. Requires AID to investigate (through public hearings) allegations that a government or economic enterprise in the Caribbean which receives such funds does not enforce internationally recognized worker rights. Prohibits AID from providing any assistance, directly or indirectly, for the use of any chemical or other substance in the Caribbean if such use: (1) is not permitted under the public health laws of that nation; or (2) would not be permitted in the United States under U.S. public health laws. Specifies that in the provision of development assistance to the Caribbean, emphasis shall be placed on ensuring the active participation of Caribbean women in the development process. Requires AID to: (1) consult with Caribbean organizations that work with the poor in all stages of the design and implementation of assistance policies; and (2) monitor socioeconomic conditions in the Caribbean and the effect of U.S. economic assistance programs and policies on those conditions. Requires the Office of Technology Assessment to conduct an evaluation of and report to the Congress on the performance of AID in carrying out this Act. Requires the Administrator of AID to report annually to the Congress concerning AID's efforts to implement the provisions of this Act.
United States · United States Congress · 21 June 1988
Expresses the sense of the Congress that the Secretary of the Treasury should not regulate the donation of articles intended to relieve human suffering in Nicaragua, except as authorized for the President under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act.
United States · United States Congress · 16 June 1988
Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 - Makes the legislative history of H.R. 3 applicable to this Act, with specified exceptions. Title I: Trade, Customs, and Tariff Laws - Sets forth congressional findings and purposes with respect to U.S. trade. Subtitle A: United States Trade Agreements - Part 1: Negotiation and Implementation of Trade Agreements - Declares that the overall U.S. negotiating objectives with respect to trade agreements are to obtain: (1) more open and equitable market access; (2) the reduction or elimination of barriers and other trade-distorting practices; and (3) a more effective system of international trading procedures. Sets forth the principal U.S. trade negotiating objectives with respect to: (1) dispute settlement procedures; (2) improvement of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and multilateral trade negotiation agreements; (3) transparency; (4) developing countries; (5) current account surpluses; (6) trade and monetary coordination; (7) agriculture; (8) unfair trade practices; (9) trade in services; (10) intellectual property; (11) foreign direct investment; (12) safeguard measures; (13) specific trade barriers, including the reduction and elimination of tariff and nontariff trade barriers; (14) worker rights; (15) access to high technology; and (16) border taxes. Grants the President the authority, whenever he determines that one or more existing duties or import restrictions of any foreign country or the United States are unduly burdening and restricting the foreign trade of the United States, to: (1) enter, before June 1, 1993, into trade agreements with foreign countries; and (2) proclaim any modification or continuance of duties, continuance of duty-free treatment, or imposition of additional duties, as appropriate. Grants the President the authority to enter, before June 1, 1993, into trade agreements with foreign countries to reduce or eliminate nontariff trade barriers or other distortions or to prohibit or limit the imposition of such barriers or distortions if he determines that they unduly burden or restrict U.S. commerce or adversely affect the U.S. economy, or that the imposition of such barriers or distortions is likely to result in a burden, restriction, or adverse effect. Grants the President the authority, before June 1, 1993, to enter into bilateral trade agreements with foreign countries to eliminate or reduce U.S. duties or trade barriers or distortions to international trade of a foreign country or the United States. Requires the President, before entering into such trade agreements, to consult with specified congressional committees. Sets forth the procedure for entering into such trade agreements. Amends the Trade Act of 1974 to authorize the President, whenever specified actions increase or impose a duty or import restriction, to enter into trade agreements to grant new concessions as compensation to a foreign country that has an existing trade agreement with the United States or to proclaim the modification or continuance of existing duties or duty-free treatment with respect to such agrement if it is necessary to meet U.S. international obligations. Requires the President to determine, before June 1, 1993, whether any major industrial country has failed to make reciprocal trade concessions to the United States under a trade agreement. Requires the President to recommend certain legislation to the Congress with respect to such country if the country has failed to make such concessions. Requires the President to make certain determinations based on specified criteria, regarding state trading enterprises before a foreign country accedes to the GATT. Requires the President, if a country's state trading enterprises meet such criteria, to reserve the right of the United States to withhold extension of such trade agreement between the United States and such country. Provides that, if a country's state trading enterprises meet such criteria, such trade agreement shall not apply between the United States and such country until: (1) such country and the United States enter into an agreement providing that the state trading enterprises will make certain purchases and sales in accordance with commercial considerations and sales; or (2) a bill which approves the extension of such agreement between the United States and such foreign country is enacted. Provides for expedited congressional consideration of such an implementing bill. Part 2: Hearings and Advice Concerning Negotiations - Requires the President, in connection with any proposed trade agreements under this Act, to publish and furnish the International Trade Commission (ITC) with lists of articles which may be considered for modification or continuance of duties, continuance of duty-free or excise treatment, or additional duties. Authorizes the President, in connection with non-tariff trade agreements, to publish and furnish the ITC with lists of non-tariff matters which may be considered for modification. Requires the ITC, with respect to each article or non-tariff matter, to advise the President of the probable economic effects of such modifications on: (1) industries producing like or directly competitive articles; and (2) U.S. manufacturing, agriculture, mining, fishing, services, intellectual property, investment, labor, and consumers. Requires the ITC, in order to assist the President with respect to entering into proposed trade agreements and developing U.S. trade policy, to investigate and report to the President as to the effects of modification of any barrier or other distortion to international trade on domestic workers, industries or sectors, purchasers, prices, and quantities of articles in the United States. Sets forth specified actions the ITC must take in preparing advice on trade matters to the President. Requires the President, before entering into certain trade agreements, to: (1) seek information and advice with regard to such an agreement from the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Interior, Labor, State, and Treasury and from the United States Trade Representative (USTR); and (2) hold public hearings for comments. Permits the President, when seeking certain trade agreements, to make a formal offer for the modification or continuance of any U.S. duty, import restrictions, barriers or distortions to international trade, the continuance of U.S. duty free or excise treatment, or the imposition of additional duties, import restrictions, or other barriers to international trade, including trade in services, foreign direct investment, and intellectual property, with respect to any article or matter only after receiving a summary of the public hearings on such actions and advice from the ITC. Directs the President with respect to offers made in the course of trade negotiations for the modification or continuance of any U.S. duty, import restriction, or barrier to international trade to take into account any advice or reports submitted by: (1) the ITC; (2) the Advisory Committee For Trade Negotiations; or (3) any organization that holds public hearings with respect to any article, or domestic industry that is sensitive or potentially sensitive to imports. Part 3: Other Trade Agreement and Negotiation Provisions - Repeals the Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Materials Importation Act of 1982. Amends the Tariff Schedules of the United States to exempt from duty the following items: (1) catalogs of films, recordings, or other visual and auditory material of an educational, scientific, or cultural character; (2) architectural, engineering, industrial, or commercial drawings and plans, whether originals or reproductions; (3) loose illustrations, reproduction proofs or reproduction films used for the production of books; (4) microfilm, microfiches, and similar film media of printed matter issued by literary or scientific institutions, books with the exception of Bibles and prayer books, newspapers, periodicals, tourist and other literature containing geographic, historical, hotel, or similar information, and manuscripts; (5) puzzles, game, sport, gymnastic, athletic or playground equipment; (6) microfilm, microfiches, or similar film media of crossword puzzle books and toy books; and (7) microfilm, microfiches, or similar film media of official Government publications and documents. Provides that no article of developed photographic film may be exempted from duty unless: (1) a Federal agency designated by the President determines that such article is visual or auditory material of an educational, scientific, or cultural character; or (2) such article is imported by, or certified by the importer to be for the use of, any public or private institution or association approved as educational, scientific, or cultural by a Federal agency designated by the President and is certified by the importer to be visual or auditory material of an educational, scientific, or cultural character or to have been produced by the United Nations. Provides that if the President determines that there is or may be profitmaking exhibition or use of developed photographic film which interferes significantly with domestic production of similar articles he may prescribe regulations imposing restrictions on the entry of that item to insure its use only for nonprofitmaking activities. Provides that the exemption from duty for holograms for laser projection, motion-picture films, sound records and patterns and wall charts will apply only if such items are: (1) imported by, or certified by the importer to be for the use of, educational, scientific, or cultural institutions certified by a Federal agency; and (2) certified by the importer to be of an educational, scientific, or cultural character or to have been produced by the United Nations. Grants duty-free treatment to: (1) holograms for laser projection; (2) motion picture film; (3) sound recordings; (4) patterns and wall charts; (5) tools specially designed to be used for the maintenance, checking, gauging, or repair of scientific instruments; and (6) articles specially designed or adapted for the use or benefit of the blind or other physically or mentally handicapped person. Removes toy models from the exemption from duty. Authorizes the President to restrict the duty-free treatment accorded to tools for scientific instruments or apparatus or articles for the blind and for other handicapped persons if the duty-free treatment has significant adverse impact on a domestic industry manufacturing or producing a like or directly competitive article and the effect of such change is consistent with the provisions of the relevant annexes of the Florence Agreement or the Nairobi Protocol. Provides that if the President proclaims changes to the Tariff Schedules of the United States to limit duty-free treatments, the rate of duty thereafter applicable shall be the rate determined by the President as the rate which would then be applicable to such article from such source if the duty-free treatment had not been enacted. Allows the President to resume duty-free treatment if he determines it could be restored without significant adverse impact on a domestic industry or portion thereof. Requires the President, before limiting or resuming duty-free treatment, to afford an opportunity for interested Government agencies and private persons to present their views concerning the proposed action. Authorizes the President to remove or modify any condition or restriction imposed for visual or auditory material to implement the Nairobi Protocol. Requires the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Commerce to obtain statistical information with respect to printed matter. Implements changes in the tariff treatment of the following products pursuant to the United States-European Communities Agreement on Citrus and Pasta: (1) anchovies; (2) certain cheeses; (3) satsuma oranges (mandarin); (4) olives; (5) capers; (6) paprika; (7) cider; and (8) olive oil. Authorizes the President to modify or terminate such changes at any time. Amends the International Coffee Agreement Act of 1980 to extend the effective period of such Act until October 1, 1989. Requires the Secretary of the Treasury to initiate bilateral currency negotiations with a foreign country on an expedited basis whenever, in the course of trade negotiations, the President is advised by the Secretary that such foreign country satisfies specified criteria for initiating bilateral currency negotiations. Requires the President to update each report on wine exports that the President submitted to specified congressional committees pursuant to the Wine Equity and Export Expansion Act of 1984. Requires each updated report to contain: (1) a description of the tariff or nontariff barriers to trade in U.S. wine of each major wine trading country with respect to which the USTR has carried out consultations; (2) the status of such consultations; and (3) other information based on developments since the submission of the President's report on wine exports. Subtitle B: Implementation of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule - Declares that the Congress approves the U.S. accession to the International Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System. Requires the President to submit a copy of each final instrument of the Convention to the Congress. Amends the Tariff Act of 1930 to require the President to make such modifications to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule as are necessary to conform the old Tariff Schedules to the format of the Convention. Requires the ITC periodically to review and recommend modifications to the President with respect to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule. Permits the President to proclaim such modifications if he determines that they: (1) conform to U.S. obligations under the Convention; and (2) do not run counter to U.S. economic interests. Requires the ITC to publish the Harmonized Tariff Schedule. Directs the Secretary of Commerce to compile U.S. import and export trade statistics. Makes the USTR responsible for coordinating U.S. trade policy with respect to the Convention. Sets forth provisions with respect to U.S. participation in the Customs Cooperation Council. Provides for conversion to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule. Amends the Trade Act of 1974 to include digital processing units for automatic data processing machines among the products subject to the President's authority to modify their tariff treatment with respect to the enforcement of trade agreements with foreign countries. Subtitle C: Response to Unfair International Trade Practices - Part I: Enforcement of United States Rights Under Trade Agreements and Response to Certain Foreign Trade Practices - Amends the Trade Act of 1974 to require the USTR, subject to the direction of the President, to take specified action to enforce U.S. trade rights under an agreement or to eliminate unfair trade practices if the USTR determines that: (1) the rights of the United States under any agreement are being denied; or (2) a foreign act, policy, or practice violates or otherwise denies U.S. benefits under any agreement, or burdens or restricts U.S. commerce. Sets forth circumstances under which the USTR is not required to take such action. Requires the USTR to take appropriate action to eliminate any foreign act, policy, or practice whenever he determines: (1) that such act, policy, or practice is unreasonable or discriminatory and burdens or restricts U.S. commerce; and (2) that action by the United States is appropriate. Permits any interested person to file a petition with the USTR requesting action to enforce U.S. trade rights under an agreement or eliminate unfair trade practices. Requires the USTR to initiate an investigation with regard to such petition if an affirmative determination is made. Requires the USTR to consult with the foreign country concerned regarding the issues involved in such investigation. Requires the USTR, based on his investigation and the consultations, to: (1) determine whether U.S. trade rights are being denied under any agreement, or any unfair trade act, policy, or practice exists; and (2) determine what action to take if an affirmative determination is made. Sets forth a timetable for such determinations. Requires the USTR to implement action to eliminate such unfair trade practices or enforce U.S. trade rights within 30 days after such determination is made. Requires the USTR, if he makes an affirmative determination involving export targeting by a foreign country and determines not to take action with respect to such affirmative determination, to: (1) establish an advisory panel to recommend measures to promote the competitiveness of the domestic industry affected by the export targeting; (2) on the basis of a specified panel report, take administrative actions or propose legislation that would restore international competitiveness of the affected domestic industry; and (3) submit to the Congress a report on such actions and legislative proposals. Requires the USTR to monitor each measure undertaken or each agreement entered into by a foreign country to: (1) enforce U.S. trade rights under the agreement; or (2) eliminate any unfair trade practice. Provides for modification or termination of actions to enforce U.S. trade rights or eliminate unfair trade practices. Requires the USTR to make available to any person upon request information concerning: (1) trade practices of a foreign country with respect to goods, services, investment, or intellectual property rights; (2) U.S. trade rights under any agreement and the remedies available under such agreement; and (3) past and present domestic and international proceedings with respect to such practices. Requires the USTR to identify U.S. trade liberalization priorities, including major trade barriers and trade distorting practices which if eliminated would have the most potential to increase U.S. exports. Requires the USTR to initiate an investigation with respect to all priority practices identified by the USTR for each of the priority foreign countries. Requires the USTR to identify: (1) those foreign countries that deny adequate protection of intellectual property rights or deny fair market access to U.S. persons that rely upon intellectual property protection; and (2) those foreign countries that have been determined by the USTR to be priority foreign countries. Requires the national trade estimate prepared annually by the USTR to include a list of the trade barriers of each foreign country and an estimate of the value of additional U.S. goods and services and the value of additional foreign direct investment by U.S. persons that would have been exported to, or invested in, each foreign country if each of such trade barriers did not exist. Requires the USTR to consider the value of such U.S. exports and investments in determining the trade distorting impact of such trade barriers. Changes the date on which such annual report (to be known as the National Trade Estimate) is due to April 30, 1989, and on or before March 31 of each succeeding calendar year. Requires the USTR to initiate an investigation with respect to Japanese practices that are barriers to the offering or performance by U.S. persons of architectural, engineering, construction, and consulting services in Japan. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the President should propose to the Japanese Prime Minister that a summit be held between the leaders of the United States and Japan to: (1) address trade and economic issues; and (2) establish an agreement that provides objectives for improvement in trade and economic relations, including targets for achieving such objectives. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the USTR and other U.S. officials should: (1) give highest priority to concluding and enforcing agreements with Japan which achieve improved market access for U.S. manufacturers of supercomputers and end predatory pricing activities of Japanese companies in the United States, Japan, and other countries; and (2) continue to monitor the efforts of U.S. manufacturers of supercomputers to gain access to Japanese markets while recognizing that Japan may continue to manipulate the government procurement process to maintain the market dominance of Japanese manufacturers. Part 2: Improvement in the Enforcement of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Laws - Amends the Tariff Act of 1930 to require the administering authority, with respect to antidumping duty cases, to determine whether a foreign subsidy has been provided to a specific foreign enterprise or industry. Requires a finding that subsidies exist with respect to the manufacture, production, or exportation of certain agricultural products processed from raw agricultural products. Permits the USTR to revoke the status of a foreign country as a country under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures if such foreign country: (1) announces that it does not intend, or is not able, to honor its obligations with respect to the United States or the Agreement; or (2) does not in fact honor such obligations. Requires the administering authority, with respect to countervailing duty investigations, to cumulate all subsidies provided to members of any international consortium in determining any countervailing duty upon merchandise that is manufactured by such consortium. Requires the administering authority, if the merchandise involved in a dumping investigation is exported from a nonmarket economy country and it is not possible to accurately determine the foreign market value of such merchandise from the information submitted by such country, to determine the foreign market value on the basis of the trade-weighted average price at which comparable merchandise is sold by a specified eligible market economy country. Provides for determining such foreign market value when there is inadequate information for making such determination. Defines "nonmarket economy country" to mean any country that the administering authority determines does not operate on market principles of cost or pricing structures. Requires the Commissioner of Customs and the ITC to provide the administering authority, upon request, with a copy of all public and proprietary information that they possess that is relevant to dumping proceedings involving merchandise from nonmarket economy countries. Authorizes the administering authority to suspend an antidumping investigation involving a nonmarket economy country if specified conditions are met. Allows a domestic industry that produces a product that is like or directly competitive with merchandise produced by a foreign country to petition the USTR for antidumping action if such industry has reason to believe that: (1) such merchandise is being dumped in an Agreement country (Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade-relating to antidumping measures); and (2) such industry is being materially injured, or threatened with material injury, by reason of such dumping. Sets forth provisions relating to input dumping. Allows the administering authority to consider the occurrence of different movements in the prices at which different forms of merchandise subject to an antidumping duty order are sold after the issuance of such order in the foreign country markets from which such merchandise is exported as evidence of the establishment of a fictitious market for the merchandise if the movement in such prices appears to reduce the amount by which the foreign market value of such merchandise exceeds the U.S. price of the merchandise. Authorizes any domestic producer of an article that is like a "component part" or a "downstream product" to petition the administering authority to designate a downstream product for monitoring. Defines "component part" to mean an import that: (1) during the five years preceding the petition has been subject to a countervailing or antidumping duty order or agreement; and (2) is used routinely as a major part in other manufactured articles. Defines "downstream product" to mean any import into which is incorporated any component part. Requires the administering authority, within 14 days of receiving the petition, to determine whether there is a reasonable likelihood that imports of the downstream product will increase as an indirect result of any diversion of such component parts. Sets forth factors to be considered in making such determination. Requires the administering authority to notify the ITC if such determination is affirmative. Requires the ITC to monitor, and report on, the levels of trade in downstream products. Requires the administering authority to: (1) consider the reports in determining whether to initiate an antidumping or countervailing duty investigation on any downstream product; and (2) request the ITC to stop monitoring such product if the reports indicate that imports are not increasing and there is no reasonable likelihood of diversionary dumping of component parts. Authorizes the administering authority, under specified circumstances, to include within an antidumping or countervailing duty order imported parts or components of certain merchandise assembled in the United States or in other foreign countries. Provides that any steel product manufactured in a country that is not party to a bilateral arrangement (a non-arrangement country), from steel melted and poured in a country that is an arrangement country will be treated for purposes of the quantitative restrictions under that arrangement as if it were a product of an arrangement country. Allows an eligible domestic entity to file a petition with the ITC requesting that a product category be established for short life cycle merchandise that becomes the subject of two or more affirmative dumping determinations. Defines "short life cycle merchandise" to mean any product that the ITC determines is likely to become outmoded within four years. Permits the administering authority, if it finds a reasonable basis to suspect that an alleged subsidy is inconsistent with the Agreement after the initiation of a countervailing or antidumping duty investigation, to request the Commissioner of Customs to compile information on an expedited basis regarding entries of the class or kind of merchandise that is the subject of such investigation. Requires the Commissioner to collect information regarding the volume and value of entries of such merchandise and to transmit such information to the administering authority upon request until: (1) a final determination is made with respect to such investigation; (2) such investigation is terminated; or (3) the administering authority withdraws its request for such information. Requires the ITC, if there is an affirmative determination of a subsidy or dumping, and critical circumstances and material injury to an industry exist, to determine whether retroactive imposition of a countervailing or antidumping duty on the merchandise is necessary to prevent recurrence of material injury that was caused by massive imports of such merchandise over a short period of time. Adds to the conditions permitting a foreign exporter to post a bond in lieu of the deposit of estimated antidumping duties in antidumping duty cases: (1) the antidumping duty investigation has not been designated as extraordinarily complicated; (2) the final determination by the administering authority has not been postponed; (3) the person who was sold dumped products provides credible evidence that the amount by which the foreign market value of such products exceeds the U.S. price for such products is significantly less than the amount of such excess specified in the administering authority's antidumping duty order; and (4) the foreign market value and U.S. price data apply to sales in the ordinary course of trade and the number of such sales are sufficient to form an adequate basis for comparison by the administering authority. Requires the administering authority, before determining whether to permit the posting of such bond in lieu of the deposit of estimated duties, to: (1) make available all proprietary information supplied to it under protective order to all interested parties; and (2) afford all such parties an opportunity to file comments with respect to the posting of such bond. Provides that certain producers of raw agricultural products may be considered part of the industry producing processed agricultural products for purposes of bringing countervailing and antidumping duty complaints. Sets forth the criteria such producers must meet. Defines "material injury" for purposes of complaints involving imports of a raw agricultural product and products processed from such raw agricultural product. Classifies a coalition or trade association which represents either processors, processors and producers, or processors and growers as interested parties in such investigations. Sets forth specified factors to be considered by the administering authority in determining whether a lease is equivalent to a sale for purposes of antiduming or countervailing investigations. Allows the ITC, in making a determination of material injury in an antidumping or countervailing duty case, to consider other economic factors that are relevant to the determination of such injury. Requires the ITC to explain its analysis and the relevance of each factor considered in making its determination. Adds to the factors that the ITC must consider in examining the impact of imports on a domestic industry the actual and potential negative effects on existing efforts of such industry to develop and produce a type of product derived or developed from an earlier type of product. Requires the ITC to evaluate all relevant economic factors within the context of the business cycle and conditions of competition that are distinctive to such industry. Adds to the factors that the ITC must consider in determining whether the threat of material injury exists: (1) the actual and potential negative effects on existing efforts of a domestic industry to develop and produce a type of product derived or developed from an earlier type of product; and (2) in dumping cases, dumping findings in other countries against the same exporter. Requires the ITC in such dumping cases to request information from the foreign exporter or U.S. importer on threat of material injury. Requires the ITC, in determining whether material injury occurred in an antidumping or countervailing duty case, to assess cumulatively the volume and effect of imports from two or more countries of like products if such imports compete with each other and with like products of the domestic industry in the U.S. market and if such imports: (1) are subject to any countervailing or antidumping duty; or (2) during the preceding 12 months were subjected to a final order, suspension agreement, or quantitative restraint resulting from such an investigation. Requires persons making submissions to the administering authority or the ITC in antidumping or countervailing duty proceedings to certify that such submissions are accurate and complete to the best of that person's knowledge. Provides that the administering authority and the ITC shall require that business information for which proprietary treatment is requested in an antidumping or countervailing duty investigation be accompanied by a statement that such information is of a type that should not be released under an administrative protective order. Requires the administering authority to establish procedures for the correction of ministerial errors in final determinations made with respect to antidumping and countervailing duty investigations. Prohibits antidumping and countervailing duties from being treated as regular customs duties for drawback purposes. Subjects merchandise imported by, or for the use of, a U.S. agency to the imposition of countervailing or antidumping duties. Sets forth specified exceptions. Requires the Secretary of Commerce to undertake a study regarding the new market orientation of the People's Republic of China. Part 3: Protection of Intellectual Property Rights - Amends the Tariff Act of of 1930 to make unlawful (and therefore subject to remedies for unfair trade practices) the importation or sale within the United States, if a related industry exists in the United States or is being established, of articles that: (1) infringe a U.S. patent or copyright or are produced by a process covered by a U.S. patent; or (2) infringe a trademark. Makes it unlawful to import a semiconductor chip product in a manner that constitutes infringement of a registered mask work. Sets forth the manner of determining whether a U.S. industry exists. Authorizes the ITC to terminate an investigation into unfair practices in the import trade by issuing a consent order or on the basis of a settlement agreement. Authorizes a complainant to petition the ITC to issue an order for the exclusion of certain articles during an investigation into unfair practices in the import trade. Sets forth the timetable for action by the ITC. Authorizes the ITC to grant preliminary relief with respect to violations involving intellectual property. Provides that the ITC may issue cease and desist orders in addition to or in lieu of exclusionary orders. Increases the penalty for violations of such orders. Requires the ITC to presume the facts alleged in the complaint are true and to issue, upon request, an exclusion from entry or a cease and desist order or both under certain circumstances. Authorizes the ITC to prescribe sanctions for abuse of discovery and abuse of process. Authorizes the ITC to order the forfeiture of an article imported in violation of the import trade unfair practices section if: (1) the importer had previously attempted to import the article; (2) the article was previously denied entry into the United States; and (3) upon such previous denial of entry the Secretary of the Treasury had provided the importer with a specified written notice. Provides that a person who has been previously found to be in violation of the provisions relating to unfair import practices may petition the ITC for a finding that such person is no longer in violation of such provisions or for a modification or rescission of an exclusion. Excludes intellectual property imported by or for the United States from certain exclusion orders. Provides for the protection of the confidentiality of information submitted to the ITC or exchanged among the parties in cases involving unfair import practices. Part 4: Telecommunications Trade - Telecommunications Trade Act of 1988 - Directs the USTR to conduct an investigation to identify priority foreign countries that maintain barriers to U.S. telecommunications products. Requires the USTR within 30 days after such investigation is completed to report on it to the President and appropriate congressional committees. Directs the President to negotiate with such countries for the purpose of entering into an agreement which meets specific negotiating objectives. Sets forth such objectives. Directs the President, if unable to enter into such an agreement, to take whatever actions are necessary to achieve such objectives. Directs the President to take those actions which most directly affect trade in telecommunications products and services with the country concerned, unless it is determined that actions against other economic sectors would be more effective in achieving the negotiating objectives. Sets forth the actions the President may take in such circumstances. Requires the USTR to review annually the effectiveness of: (1) each trade agreement negotiated by the President; and (2) every other trade agreement regarding telecommunications products or services that is in force with respect to the United States. Requires the USTR, with respect to such review, to determine whether a foreign country that has entered into an agreement: (1) is not in compliance with such agreement; or (2) denies to telecommunications products and services of U.S. firms mutually advantageous market opportunities in that country. Authorizes the President to enter into trade agreements with a foreign country to grant concessions as compensation in order to maintain the general level of reciprocal and mutually advantageous concessions if: (1) the President has taken action because no trade agreement could be reached under this Act; and (2) such action is found to be inconsistent with U.S. international obligations, including the GATT. Requires the President to seek advice from a specified interagency trade organization before taking any any action against a foreign country under this Act. Directs the USTR to keep the Congress informed of: (1) the negotiating priorities and objectives for each country involved; (2) the assessment of negotiating prospects; and (3) any U.S. concessions which might be included in negotiations to achieve such objectives. Authorizes the importation of a product that is subject to registration or approval by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) only if: (1) such product conforms with all applicable FCC regulations; and (2) the information which is required on a specified FCC form is provided to the appropriate customs officer at the time of entry into the United States. Directs the FCC, the Secretary of Commerce, and the USTR to provide enforcement assistance to the Secretary of the Treasury upon request. Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to provide the Congress with information on such imports. Directs the Secretary of Commerce to study the competitiveness of the U.S. telecommunications industry and the effects of foreign telecommunications policies on it in order to assist the Congress and the President in determining what actions might be necessary to preserve such competitiveness. Subtitle D: Adjustment to Import Competition - Part 1: Positive Adjustment by Industries Injured by Imports - Amends the Trade Act of 1974 to require the President to take appropriate action to help an affected industry make a positive adjustment to import competition if the ITC determines that an article is being imported in such increased quantities as to be a substantial cause (or threat) of serious injury to such industry, which produces an article like or directly competitive with the imported article. Authorizes an entity, including a trade association, firm, union, or group of workers, to file a petition with the ITC requesting action to facilitate positive adjustment to such import competition. Permits a petitioner to submit to the ITC and the USTR a plan to facilitate positive adjustment to such competition. Requires the ITC (upon the filing of a petition, the request of the President or the USTR, the resolution of either the House Committee on Ways and Means or the Senate Committee on Finance, or on its own motion) to investigate whether an article is being imported in such increased quantities as to be a substantial cause (or threat) of serious injury to such industry. Sets forth factors the ITC shall take into account when making such determinations. Authorizes an entity which represents an industry that produces a perishable agricultural product which is like or directly competitive with an imported perishable agricultural product to file a request with the USTR for the monitoring of such imported products. Requires the USTR, within 21 days of such request, to determine if: (1) such import is a perishable agricultural product; and (2) there is a reasonable indication that such product is being imported in such increased quantities as to be, or likely to be, a substantial cause (or threat) of serious injury to an industry. Requires the President, if he considers provisional relief to be warranted, to proclaim any relief necessary to prevent or remedy such injury or threat. Requires the ITC, with respect to affirmative determinations of import injury, to make recommendations about such injury to a domestic industry. Requires the ITC to submit to the President a report on each import injury investigation. Requires the ITC, with respect to such affirmative determinations, to notify the Secretary of Labor and the Secretary of Commerce. Requires such Secretaries to give expedited consideration to petitions by workers for certification of eligibility for trade adjustment assistance. Requires the President, after receiving an affirmative finding of serious injury to a domestic industry, to take appropriate action to facilitate industry efforts to make a positive adjustment to import competition. Directs the President to transmit to the Congress a document describing such actions. Authorizes the President to negotiate orderly marketing agreements with foreign countries if he takes action other than the implementation of such agreements. Sets forth provisions relating to the monitoring, modification, and termination of action implemented under this Act. Part 2: Market Disruption - Declares that affirmative determinations of the ITC with respect to market disruption due to imports from Communist countries must be treated as affirmative determinations requiring action for positive adjustment to import competition under this Act. Sets forth specified factors to be considered by the ITC when making determinations as to the existence of market disruption. Part 3: Trade Adjustment Assistance - Revises the eligibility requirements for trade adjustment assistance for workers and firms. Authorizes the eligibility certification for such assistance of: (1) firms (including those in the oil and gas industry) if increased imports of articles like or directly competitive with articles produced by such firms contribute to a worker's total or partial separation from employment, or threat thereof, and to a decline in sales or production; and (2) workers (including workers in the oil and gas industry) if there are increased imports of articles that are competitive with articles to which the workers or firms provide essential goods or services. Requires the Secretary of Labor to notify each worker who is covered by a certification for trade adjustment assistance. Requires a worker, in order to receive cash assistance, to: (1) be enrolled in a training program approved by the Secretary of Labor; (2) have completed such a program; or (3) have received a written certification from the Secretary or the relevant State or State agency that it is not feasible or appropriate to approve a training program for such worker. Prohibits payment of such assistance to such worker if the worker has failed to begin, or has ceased to participate in, such training program and there is no justifiable cause for such failure or cessation, or the certification for such assistance is revoked, until the worker begins or resumes participation in such training program. Requires the Secretary of Labor to report annually to specified congressional committees on the number of workers who received certifications of job training and the number of such certifications revoked during the preceding year. Directs the Secretary to establish for FY 1989 and 1990 one or more supplemental wage allowance demonstration projects. Limits such allowances to no more than 52 weeks. Requires the Secretary to transmit to the Congress a report regarding such demonstration projects. Requires that if the Secretary approves training for adversely affected workers, the training must be reasonably available. Provides that such training may be paid for directly or through a voucher system. Includes as an approved training program for adversely affected workers: (1) any remedial education program; and (2) any training program for which all, or any portion, of the costs of training the worker are paid under any Federal or State program or from any other source other than from this Act. Limits the total amount of payments for each adversely affected worker to $120,000 for any fiscal year. Requires agreements entered into with States for the provision of training program services for adversely affected workers to include the coordination of the administration of employment services, training, and supplemental job assistance for such workers. Requires each cooperating State agency (agency which provides trade adjustment assistance services) to advise adversely affected workers of training opportunities as soon as practicable. (Current law requires the agency to provide such advice within 60 days of receiving an application for training.) Revises the period of time that trade readjustment allowances can be paid to an adversely affected worker. Terminates on September 30, 1993, trade adjustment assistance programs for workers, technical assistance for firms, and the imposition of import fees to fund such programs. Authorizes appropriations for trade adjustment assistance for workers and for firms through FY 1993. (Current law authorizes such appropriations through FY 1991.) Establishes within the Treasury a Trade Adjustment Assistance Trust Fund. Provides for funding the Trust Fund. Requires the amounts in the Trust Fund to be used to: (1) pay drawbacks and refunds of the duty imposed on all imports under the Trade Act of 1974; (2) carry out trade adjustment assistance for workers and firms; and (3) repay advances made to the Trust Fund from appropriations. Prohibits the use of the amounts in the Trust Fund to pay certain loans guaranteed under programs for trade adjustment assistance for firms. Limits the amount for payment of trade adjustment assistance for workers and firms to available funds in the Trust Fund. Authorizes appropriations to the Trust Fund for payment of such assistance. Directs the President to undertake negotiations to change the GATT to allow countries to impose a small uniform fee on all imports in order to use the revenue from such duty to fund trade adjustment assistance programs. Directs the President to report to the Congress in 1989 and 1990 on the progress of such negotiations. Directs the President to report to the Congress as soon as the GATT allows the imposition of such a fee. Imposes an additional fee on all imports into the United States, including those imports granted duty-free treatment, with specified exceptions. Directs the Secretary of Labor to conduct a study of the methods that could be used to expedite the certification of workers and firms for trade adjustment assistance. Subtitle E: National Security - Amends the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 to require the Secretary of Commerce (Secretary) to initiate an investigation to determine the effects of imports on U.S. national security upon the request of the head of a Federal agency, application of an interested party, or upon the Secretary's motion. Requires the Secretary of Defense to provide the Secretary with an assessment of the defense requirements of any imported article that is the subject of such an investigation. Requires the Secretary to submit to the President a report on the findings of such investigation with respect to the effect of the importation of such article on national security. Requires the President, within 90 days after receiving a report from the Secretary finding that an article is being imported in such quantities or circumstances as to threaten to impair national security, to: (1) determine whether he concurs with the Secretary's finding; and (2) if he concurs, determine the nature and duration of the action he must take to eliminate such threat to national security. Requires the President, within 30 days of determining what action to take, to submit to the Congress a written statement of the reasons why he has decided to take action or has refused to take action. Repeals a provision of the Trade Act of 1974 relating to presidential reports to the Congress about actions taken with respect to imports that threaten to impair national security. Sets forth provisions relating to the enforcement of machine tool import arrangements. Subtitle F: Trade Agencies; Advice, Consultation, and Reporting Regarding Trade Matters - Part 1: Functions and Organization of Trade Agencies - Subpart A: Office of the United States Trade Representative - Amends the Trade Act of 1974 to revise the duties of the USTR. Requires the USTR to: (1) coordinate the application of Federal interagency resources to specific unfair trade practice cases; (2) identify each act, policy, or practice that may be inconsistent with a trade agreement or has an adverse impact on U.S. commerce or on domestic firms or industries; (3) identify practices that have an adverse impact on U.S. commerce which the attainment of U.S. negotiating objectives would eliminate; and (4) identify, on a biennial basis, those U.S. policies and practices which if engaged in by foreign countries, might constitute unfair trade practices under U.S. law. Subpart B: United States International Trade Commission - Amends the Tariff Act of 1930 to make the International Trade Commission an independent Federal agency. Prohibits the ITC from releasing confidential business information with respect to investigations concerning the effects of U.S. customs laws unless the party submitting such information has notice that such information would be released by the ITC, or such party subsequently consents to such release. Requires the Trade Remedy Assistance Office of the ITC to provide technical and legal assistance and advice (currently only technical advice) to eligible small businesses with respect to petitions for trade remedies and benefits under U.S. trade laws. Subpart C: Interagency Trade Organization - Amends the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 to revise provisions relating to the functions and composition of the interagency trade organization. Expresses the sense of the Congress that such organization should be the principal interagency forum within the executive branch on international trade policy matters. Part 2: Advice and Consultation Regarding Trade Policy, Negotiations, and Agreements - Amends the Trade Act of 1974 to revise provisions relating to private sector and non-Federal information and advice given to the President with respect to the negotiation of trade agreements. Requires the President to establish an Advisory Committee for Trade Policy and Negotiations (currently the Advisory Committee for Trade Negotiations) to provide overall policy with respect to the negotiation of such trade agreements. Revises provisions relating to the selection of congressional advisors on trade policy and negotiations. Part 3: Annual Reports and National Trade Policy Agenda - Requires the President to submit to the Congress an annual report on the national trade policy agenda for the United States. Subtitle G - Tariff Provisions - Part 1: Amendments to the Tariff Schedules of the United States - Subpart A: Permanent Changes in Tariff Treatment - Amends the Tariff Schedules of the United States to create a new tariff classification to cover imports of certain woven fabrics of man-made fibers. Creates a new tariff classification for, and imposes a duty on, motor fuel blending stocks. Revises special marking requirements for watches and watch components. Excludes the dials of watches and clocks from such requirements. Permits such marking to be done by mold-marking. Deletes the requirement of including information on watch adjustments. Changes the definition of iron and steel slabs to include those exceeding six inches in thickness. Increases the duty on certain gloves by classifying work gloves made of a textile fabric coated with rubber or plastics as gloves of textile material rather than as gloves of rubber or plastics. Provides permanent, duty-free treatment for hatters' fur. Excludes extracorporeal shock wave lithotripters with respect to the duty treatment of electro-surgical apparatus. Reduces the duty on salted and dried plums. Amends the definition of "complete" as used to describe television receivers to mean a television receiver fully assembled in its cabinet (currently, assembled). Provides that picture tubes imported in combination with, or incorporated into, other articles are to be classified in specified tariff schedules, unless they are: (1) incorporated into complete television receivers; (2) incorporated into fully assembled units; (3) put up in kits containing all the parts necessary for assembly into complete television receivers; or (4) put up in kits containing all the parts necessary for assembly into fully assembled units. Provides for duty-free treatment of color television picture tubes of a specified size through December 31, 1990, and September 30, 1988. Reclassifies and imposes a duty on casein, caseinates, and dried milk for human food and animal feed use. Defines plywood and wood verneer panels to include an edge which has been tongued, grooved, lapped, or otherwise worked. Excludes plywood, wood veneer panels, or cellular panels from building boards. Provides a duty on fresh and concentrated grapefruit juice. Provides that the term "synthetic plastics materials" includes silicones whether or not such materials are solid in the finished articles. Places a duty on silicone resins and materials. Provides that the term "rubber" does not include silicones. Subpart B: Temporary Changes in Tariff Treatment - Suspends through December 31, 1990, the tariff on: (1) color couplers and coupler intermediates; (2) specified chemicals; (3) carding and spinning machines specially designed for wool; (4) silk yarn; (5) parts of indirect process electrostatic copying machines; (6) certain plastic sheeting; (7) doll wig yarns; (8) jacquard cards and jacquard heads; (9) tungsten ore; (10) certain stuffed toy figures; (11) kitchenware of transparent, nonglazed glass ceramics; (12) needles for knitting machines; and (13) certain hosiery knitting machines. Suspends through October 31, 1992, the tariff on: (1) certain knitwear fabricated in Guam; and (2) specified chemicals. Suspends through December 31, 1987, the tariff on extracorporeal shock wave lithotripters imported by nonprofit institutions. Provides for a temporary reduction of duties on glass inners for vacuum vessels. Suspends through December 31, 1990, the tariff on: (1) certain offset printing presses; (2) certain bicycle parts; (3) frozen cranberries; (4) specified chemicals; and (5) power-driven weaving machines for fabrics more than 16 feet in width. Extends through December 31, 1990, the suspension of duties on: (1) cantaloupes; (2) certain wools; (3) needlecraft display models; (4) specified chemicals; (5) certain clock radios; (6) machines designed for heat-set, stretch texturing of continuous man-made fibers; (7) mixtures of mashed or macerated hot red peppers and salt; (8) certain small toys; (9) stuffed dolls, certain toy figures, and skins thereof; (10) umbrella frames; (11) crude feathers and down; (12) menthol feedstocks; (13) natural graphite; (14) narrow weaving machines; (15) certain lace-braiding machines; (16) certain hovercraft skirts; (17) surgical gowns; and (18) nicotine resins. Subpart C: Effective Dates - Sets forth effective dates for amendments made by this part. Part 2: Miscellaneous Provisions - Allows specified articles to be imported duty free for use in construction of the telescope for the W.M. Keck Observatory Project in Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Provides for the reliquidation, without liability of the importer of record for antidumping duties, of specified entries. Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to reliquidate, as duty-free, four specified entries covering tubular tin products, if a certificate of actual use for the products is submitted to the U.S. Customs Service at the port of entry after September 30, 1988, and before April 1, 1989. Provides that the entry for consumption in October 1986 of any extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter exclusively for use in Hawaii shall be free of duty. Requires an appropriate refund after September 30, 1988. Provides that the entry of certain transistors between March 1, 1985, and November 6, 1986, will be liquidated or reliquidated as if the entry had occurred on November 6, 1986, if a proper request is filed after September 30, 1988, and before April 1, 1989. Subtitle H: Miscellaneous Customs, Trade, and Other Provisions - Part 1: Customs Provisions - Amends the Tariff Act of 1930 to require customs officers who seize imported pornography to transmit information about it to the United States Attorney of the district of either: (1) the office at which the seizure took place; or (2) the place to which the book or other matter is addressed. Requires the United States Attorney to institute proceedings for the forfeiture, confiscation, and destruction of the book or matter seized. Increases the period for instituting judicial proceedings for the forfeiture of seized pornography imports to 30 days (from 14 days). Requires an allowance to be made for all detectable moisture and impurities found in imported crude oil or petroleum products when ascertaining tare on such imports. Amends the Trade Act of 1974 to allow the President to designate for duty free treatment watches entered after June 30, 1989, which the President specifically determines will not cause material injury to watch or watch band, strap, or bracelet manufacturing and assembly operations in U.S. or the United States insular possessions. Amends the Tariff Act of 1930 to require the Secretary of the Treasury to publish guidelines establishing standards for setting the terms and conditions for cancellation of bonds or charges. Amends the Trade and Tariff Act of 1984 to specify that the Pontiac/Oakland Michigan airport will become a reimbursable customs port. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the President should express U.S. opposition to the Soviet Union's slave labor practices, including refusing to permit the importation of products made by such labor. Amends the Tariff Act of 1930 to increase the penalties for any person who violates country-of-origin marking requirements under such Act. Requires containers of imported preserved mushrooms to indicate in English the country in which they were grown. Provides that Native-American style jewelry and Native-American style arts and crafts will be considered to be in compliance with the Tariff Act of 1930 only if the English name of the country of origin is indelibly marked in a conspicuous place. Allows a duty-free sales enterprise to be located anywhere within: (1) the port of entry from which purchasers of duty-free merchandise depart the customs territory; and (2) 25 statute miles from the exit point where purchasers of duty-free merchandise depart the customs territory. Requires each duty-free enterprise to: (1) establish procedures for reasonable assurance that duty-free merchandise will be exported; (2) enforce guidelines that the merchandise sold will be for personal use if the enterprise is in an airport; (3) display notices stating that duty-free merchandise has not been subject to any Federal duty or tax, must be declared and is subject to Federal duty and tax if brought back to the customs territory, and is subject to the customs laws and regulation of any foreign country to which it is taken; (4) place the merchandise in a duty-free sales enterprise before it is unpacked into saleable units; and (5) deliver duty-free merchandise to the purchaser in an airport, at the exit point of a specific departing flight, within the aircraft on which the purchaser will depart, or by any other reasonable method if the duty-free enterprise is an airport store or to a location beyond the exit point or any location approved by the Secretary before the passage of this Act if the enterprise is a border store. Prohibits the transfer of merchandise for a duty-free enterprise to or through such a facility unless the operator demonstrates to the Secretary of the Treasury that he has obtained any concession or approval required by State or local authorities. Allows the sale of merchandise other than duty-free merchandise, providing it has not been stored in a bonded warehouse facility other than a bonded facility used for retail sales. Removes the exemption from duty if merchandise bought at a duty-free sales enterprise is brought back to the customs territory. Requires the Secretary to establish by regulation a separate class of bonded warehouses for duty-free sales enterprises. Amends the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act to authorize the President to withdraw, suspend, or limit duty-free treatment of articles imported from a beneficiary country if he determines that changed circumstances would bar such country from being designated a beneficiary country under such Act. Amends the Tax Reform Act of 1986 to extend through 1989 duty-free treatment of ethyl alcohol and mixtures thereof from Caribbean countries. Requires the USTR to request relevant agencies to prepare recommendations for improving the enforcement of import restrictions on articles from Cuba. Part 2: Miscellaneous Trade Provisions - Requires the Director of the Census to conduct a study to determine the feasibility of developing an index: (1) that measures the real volume of merchandise trade monthly; and (2) that would be reported simultaneously with the U.S. balance of trade. Requires U.S. trade statistics to be adjusted for inflation or deflation. Expresses the sense of the Congress with respect to U.S. exports of coal to Japan. Declares that the Congress supports U.S. negotiators in efforts to expand opportunities for U.S. automotive parts producers to supply original and replacement parts for Japanese automobiles. Requires the USTR and the Secretary of Commerce to report to the Congress at the conclusion of the MOSS talks with respect to purchases by Japanese firms of U.S. automotive parts. Directs the Secretary of Commerce, after receiving certain study results from the Secretary of Energy, to report recommendations to the President and the Congress for actions to address any impact of imports of crude oil and petroleum products on domestic crude oil exploration and production and the domestic petroleum refining capacity. Directs the USTR to conduct a study of trade barriers erected by auto producing countries against automobile imports and the impact of such barriers on the diversion of automobile imports into the United States. Directs the ITC to monitor and investigate for a two-year period the importation of fresh, chilled, and frozen lamb meat. Part 3: Other Provisions - Amends the Interal Revenue Code to repeal the windfall profit tax on crude oil. Title II: Export Enhancement - Export Enhancement Act of 1988 - Subtitle A: Trade and Foreign Policy - Part 1: Relations with Certain Countries - Urges the President within the context of the Bilateral Framework Agreement on Trade and Investment to continue to pursue consultations with Mexican representatives with respect to implementation of such Agreement and the expansion of trade and investment. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the President should persuade all countries to desist from further transfers of offensive weaponry to belligerent countries in the Persian Gulf region. Part 2: Fair Trade in Auto Parts - Fair Trade in Auto Parts Act of 1988 - Requires the Secretary of Commerce to establish an initiative to increase the sale of U.S.-made auto parts to Japanese markets. Sets forth specified actions the Secretary should take to achieve such increase in sales. Directs the Secretary to establish a Special Advisory Committee. Sets forth the functions of the Committee, including to: (1) report to the Secretary on Japanese barriers to sales of U.S. auto parts in Japanese markets; (2) advise the Secretary during consultation with Japan on issues concerning such sales; and (3) report to the Congress on the progress of such U.S. sales to Japan. Subtitle B: Export Enhancement - Part 1: General Provisions - Requires the American Institute of Taiwan to employ personnel to perform duties similar to those performed by U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service personnel. Requires the Secretary of State to prepare and transmit to the House Committees on Foreign Affairs and on Ways and Means and the Senate Committees on Foreign Relations and on Finance, and to other appropriate committees a report regarding the economic policy and trade practices of each country with which the United States has a trade relationship. Declares that the Congress reaffirms its support for the Overseas Private Investment Corporation and urges such Corporation to increase its loan guaranty and direct investment programs. Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to increase from $750,000,000 to $1,000,000,000 the maximum contingent liability of the Corporation for guarantees under the facultative reinsurance program. Authorizes the Corporation to make loans for direct investment in foreign corporations of not less $25,000,000 in each fiscal year. Declares that the Congress reaffirms its support for the Trade and Development Program. Authorizes the use of development program funds by the President for planning, development, management, and procurement for both bilateral and multilateral projects (including training activities) in order to promote the use of U.S. exports in such projects. Establishes the Trade and Development Program as a separate agency of the International Development Cooperation Agency. Provides for the appointment of the Director of the Trade and Development Program. Requires the Director to establish an advisory board. Authorizes appropriations. Amends the Trade and Development Enhancement Act of 1983 to transfer functions of the Agency for International Development relating to the tied aid credit program to the Trade and Development Program. Directs the President to establish an interagency group on countertrade to review and evaluate: (1) U.S. policy on countertrade and offsets; (2) the use of countertrade and offsets in U.S. exports and bilateral U.S. foreign economic assistance programs; and (3) the need for negotiating with other countries to reach agreements on the use of such countertrade and offsets. Establishes the Office of Barter within the International Trade Administration of the Department of Commerce to: (1) monitor information relating to trends in international barter; (2) disseminate such information to business firms and other interested persons; and (3) provide assistance to enterprises seeking barter and countertrade opportunities. Sets forth provisions relating to the protection of intellectual property. Requires the Secretary of State to conduct a study concerning the utility of specified reports regarding the status of internationally recognized worker rights in foreign countries. Expresses the sense of the Congress with respect to the Japanese importation of goods from less developed countries. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the United States should encourage Japan to end its boycott of trade with Israel. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the United States should become a party to the Convention on the Control and Marking of Articles of Precious Metals in order that the U.S. jewelry industry may penetrate foreign markets. Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to authorize the issuance of loan guarantees for the development of private enterprises, including cooperatives in developing countries. Part 2: Assistance to Poland - American Aid to Poland Act of 1988 - Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988 for purposes of implementing the 1987 United States-Polish science and technology agreement. Authorizes the donation of surplus agricultural commodities to Poland. Authorizes the use of nonconvertible Polish currencies held by the United States for eligible projects approved by a U.S.-Polish Joint Commission. Sets forth such eligible projects. Establishes a U.S.-Polish Joint Commission to approve such projects. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988 and 1989 for providing medical supplies and hospital equiment to Poland through private and voluntary organizations. Subtitle C: Export Promotion - Requires the Secretary of Commerce to establish the United States and Foreign Commercial Service within the International Trade Administration. Directs the Commercial Service to place emphasis on the promotion of U.S. exports of goods and services, particularly by small and medium-sized businesses, and on the protection of U.S. businesses abroad. Provides for the appointment of a procurement officer to serve with the Executive Directors of multilateral development banks. Authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to establish a Market Development Cooperator Program within the International Trade Administration to develop, maintain, and expand foreign markets for U.S. nonagricultural goods and services. Directs the Secretary to establish a partnership program with cooperators as part of the Market Development Cooperator Program. Requires the Secretary to provide assistance for trade shows involving U.S. businesses seeking to export goods or services to foreign countries (including small businesses new to exporting). Amends the Export Administration Amendments Act of 1985 to authorize appropriations for such export promotion programs for FY 1988 through 1990. Sets forth provisions relating to the Commercial Service's promotion of U.S. goods and services to Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. Authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to provide grants to entities for the development of foreign markets for American Indian arts and crafts. Amends the Export Administration Amendments Act of 1985 to authorize the Secretary of Commerce to provide for the printing and distribution outside of the United States of documents related to any export promotion program. Amends the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 to include the construction of low- and medium-income housing and shelter within the definitions of "private sector development activity" and "private enterprise investment." Amends the Export Trading Company Act of 1982 to require the Office of Export Trade to establish a program to assist the operation of other export intermediaries, including existing and newly formed export management companies. Requires the Secretary of Commerce to submit a report to specified congressional committees on the activities of the Department of Commerce to promote the formation of new and the operation of existing and new export promotion intermediaries, including export management companies, export trade associations, bank export trading companies, and export trading companies. Subtitle D: Export Controls - Part 1: Export Controls Generally - Amends the Export Administration Act of 1979 to prohibit any fee charge in connection with the submission or processing of an export license application. Authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to issue distribution licenses for consignees in the People's Republic of China. Excludes China from the definition of "controlled country" for purposes of such Act. Sets forth provisions with respect to: (1) the reexport of goods and technology to countries which maintain comparable export controls on such goods and technology; (2) export of goods and technology to non-controlled countries; (3) export control lists, including the review of such lists; (4) trade shows; (5) foreign availability of goods and technology to controlled and non-controlled countries; (6) the review of the performance levels of goods and technology; (7) the control of microprocessors containing controlled parts or components; (8) foreign policy controls; (9) the review of restrictions on exports of crude oil produced in the contiguous United States; (10) the review of export license applications by the Secretary of Defense; (11) violations of the export control laws; (12) the enforcement of such laws; and (13) the judicial review of orders denying the issuance of export licenses. Authorizes appropriations to the Department of Commerce for FY 1989. Terminates the Export Administration Act of 1979 on September 30, 1990. Directs the Secretary of Commerce to monitor for a two-year period, beginning on the enactment of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, exports of processed and unprocessed wood to all countries of the Pacific Rim (Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan). Directs the Secretary of Commerce and Defense to conduct a study on U.S. national security export controls. Part 2: Multilateral Export Control Enhancement - Multilateral Export Control Enhancement Amendments Act - Requires the President to impose, for a three-year period, a prohibition on: (1) any U.S. Government contracting with, or procurement of products and services from, the Toshiba Machine Company, the Kongsberg Trading Company, or any other foreign persons who help divert advanced milling machinery to the Soviet Union; and (2) the importation of products produced by such companies or foreign persons. Requires a similar three-year ban on U.S. Government contracts with or procurement from the Toshiba Corporation and Kongsberg Vaapenfabrikk by any U.S. agency. Sets forth specified exceptions. Sets forth provisions relating to: (1) multilateral export control violations; and (2) improvement of multilateral cooperation with respect to export controls. Amends the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 to repeal specified provisions of the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1988 with respect to the prohibition on the use of funds to purchase goods or services from the Toshiba Corporation or Kongsberg Vaapenfabrikk. Subtitle E: Miscellaneous Provisions - Amends the Trading with the Enemy Act to set forth provisions relating to the termination of the Office of Alien Property as it relates to World War II war claims. Limits the authority of the President to regulate or prohibit the importation or exportation of publications, films, posters, phonograph records, photographs, microfilms, microfiche, tapes, or other informational materials which are not otherwise controlled for export under the Export Administration Act of 1979. Amends the International Emergency Economic Powers Act to set forth similar limitations. Title III: International Financial Policy - Subtitle A: Exchange Rates and International Economic Policy Coordination - Exchange Rates and International Economic Policy Coordination Act of 1988 - Declares it is U.S. policy that: (1) the United States and other major industrialized countries should take steps to continue the process of coordinating monetary, fiscal, and structural policies initiated in the Plaza Agreement of September 1985; (2) the goal of the United States in international economic negotiations should be to achieve macroeconomic policies and exchange rates consistent with more sustainable balances in trade and capital flows and to foster price stability in conjunction with economic growth; (3) the United States, in coordination with other major industrialized countries, should participate in international currency markets with the objective of producing more orderly adjustment of foreign exchange markets and assisting adjustment toward a more sustainable balance in current accounts; and (4) the accountability of the President for the impact of economic policies and exchange rates on trade competitiveness should be increased. Requires the President to negotiate with other countries to: (1) achieve better coordination of macroeconomic policies of the major industrialized nations, including more sustainable levels of trade and current account balances, and exchange rates of the dollar and other currencies consistent with such balances; and (2) develop a program for improving existing mechanisms for coordination and improving the functioning of the exchange rate system to provide for long-term exchange rate stability consistent with more sustainable current account balances. Directs the Secretary of the Treasury annually to analyze the exchange rate policies of foreign countries and to consider whether countries manipulate the rate of exchange between their currencies and the U.S. dollar for purposes of preventing effective balance of payments adjustments or of gaining unfair competitive advantage in international trade. Requires the Secretary, if he considers that such manipulation is occurring with respect to countries with material global current account surpluses and significant bilateral trade surpluses with the United States, to initiate negotiations with such countries in the International Monetary Fund or bilaterally to ensure that they regularly adjust the exchange rates between their currencies and the U.S. dollar. Requires the Secretary of the Treasury to submit to specified congressional committees a report regarding international economic policy, including exchange rate policy. Sets forth the contents of such report. Amends the Federal Reserve Act to include, in a specified annual report of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to the Congress, an analysis of the impact of the U.S. dollar's exchange rate on the U.S. economy. Subtitle B: International Debt - Part 1: Findings, Purposes, and Statement of Policy - International Debt Management Act of 1988 - Sets forth congressional findings concerning international debt issues and sets forth the purposes and policy of this title. Part 2: The International Debt Management Authority - Requires the Secretary of the Treasury to study the feasibility and advisability of establishing the International Debt Management Authority which would undertake to: (1) purchase sovereign debt of less developed countries from private creditors at an appropriate discount; (2) enter into negotiations with debtor countries for the purpose of restructuring debt; and (3) assist the creditor banks in the voluntary disposition of their Third World loan portfolio. Lists specific proposals which the Secretary should include in such discussions. Requires the Secretary to report to the Congress on a regular basis on the progress being made on such study and in such discussions. Prohibits the use of any funds, appropriations, contributions, financial guarantee, or any other financial support or obligation of the United States for the creation, operation, or support of the Authority without the express approval of the Congress through subsequent law. Requires the U.S. Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the U.S. Executive Director of the World Bank to request the management of the IMF and of the World Bank, respectively, to prepare an analysis of the debt burden of the developing countries. Part 3: Regulatory Provisions Affecting International Debt - Expresses the sense of the Congress that regulations prescribed by Federal banking regulatory agencies which affect the international assets of the U.S. commercial banks should grant the widest latitude to the banks for negotiating principal and interest reductions with respect to obligations of heavily indebted countries. Sets forth provisions concerning such debtor countries with regard to: (1) debt restructuring; (2) recapitalization; (3) depository reserves for loan losses; and (4) data on foreign loan risks. Requires the Comptroller of the Currency, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to conduct a study to determine the extent of any regulatory obstacle to negotiated reductions in the debt service obligations associated with a foreign debt. Requires the Secretary of the Treasury to conduct a study of the feasibility and the efficacy of reducing the international debt of the poorest of the heavily indebted countries through a one-time allocation by the IMF of limited purpose Special Drawing Rights to such countries. Subtitle C: Multilateral Development Banks - Multilateral Development Banks Procurement Act of 1988 - Requires the Secretary of the Treasury to instruct the U.S. Executive Director of each multilateral development bank to give high priority to promoting opportunities for the export of U.S. goods and services and, in carrying out this function, to investigate complaints from U.S. bidders about the award of procurement contracts by such banks. Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to designate an officer of multilateral development bank procurement within the Office of International Affairs in the Department of the Treasury. Subtitle D: Export-Import Bank and Tied Aid Credit Amendments - Export-Import Bank and Tied Aid Credit Amendments of 1988 - Amends the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 to authorize appropriations for the Tied Aid Credit Fund for FY 1989. Requires the President and Chairman of the Export-Import Bank, on or before December 31, 1988, to submit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate a report identifying and analyzing the tied aid credit practices of other countries and to make recommendations for dealing with such practices. Requires the President and such chairman, within 90 days after enactment of this Act, to submit to the House Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs and the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs a report which contains: (1) an assessment of the effectiveness of recent program changes in increasing U.S. exports to developing countries; and (2) an identification of additional specific policy changes which would enable the Export-Import Bank to increase the financing of U.S. exports to developing countries and would encourage greater private sector participation in such financing efforts. Provides that, for purposes of determining "substantial injury" with respect to certain Export-Import Bank determinations, the extension of credit or guarantee by the Bank will cause substantial injury if the amount of the capacity for production established, or the amount of the increase in such capacity expanded, by such credit or guarantee equals or exceeds one percent of U.S. production. Subtitle E: Export Trading Company Act Amendments - Export Trading Company Act Amendments of 1988 - Amends the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 to set forth provisions with respect to the determination of whether a company is operating as an export trading company. Prohibits the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System from disapproving a proposed investment solely because of the proposed assets-to-equity ratio of an export trading company unless such ratio is greater than 20-to-one. Prohibits the Board from imposing a dollar limit on the amount of goods an export trading company may maintain in inventory, except under specified circumstances (such as such action being found necessary to prevent unduly burdensome risks being borne by the investor bank holding company). Subtitle F: Primary Dealers - Primary Dealers Act of 1988 - Prohibits the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York from designating any person of a foreign country as a primary dealer in government debt instruments if that foreign country does not accord to United States companies the same competitive opportunities in the underwriting and distribution of government debt instruments issued by that country as it accords to domestic companies. Allows an exception to such prohibition for countries having or negotiating bilateral agreements with the United States. Subtitle G: Financial Reports - Financial Reports Act of 1988 - Requires the Secretary of the Treasury, in conjunction with the Secretary of State, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the Department of Commerce, to report to the Congress on: (1) the foreign countries from which foreign financial services institutions have entered into the business of providing financial services in the United States; (2) the kinds of financial services being offered; (3) the extent to which such countries deny national treatment to U.S. banking organizations and securities companies; and (4) the efforts undertaken by the United States to eliminate such discrimination. Requires the President (when advantageous) to conduct discussions with the governments of countries that are major financial centers, aimed at: (1) ensuring that U.S. banking organizations and securities companies have access to foreign markets and receive national treatment in those markets; (2) reducing or eliminating barriers to, and other distortions of, international trade in financial services; (3) achieving reasonable comparability in the types of financial services permissible for financial service companies; and (4) developing uniform supervisory standards for banking organizations and securities companies, including uniform capital standards. Requires consultation with the Congress prior to entering into such discussions and requires the President to transmit to the Congress any recommendations that have emerged from those discussions. Requires the Federal Reserve Board to submit a report to the Congress on the issues raised by including loan loss reserves as part of banks' primary capital for regulatory purposes. Title IV: Agricultural Trade - Agricultural Competitiveness and Trade Act of 1988 - Subtitle A: Findings, Policies, and Purpose - Expresses the findings of the Congress regarding: (1) the decline in U.S. agricultural exports; (2) the resulting loss of jobs and economic threat to family farms and rural areas; and (3) the need for increased use of agricultural export programs, including food aid programs, and programs to strengthen the purchasing and distribution capacities of importing nations. States that it is the policy of the United States to: (1) provide agricultural commodities and products for export at competitive prices; (2) support the principal of free trade and the promotion of fair trade in such products; (3) support the negotiating objectives of this Act to eliminate or reduce constraints on open trade in such products; (4) use statutory authority to counter unfair foreign trade practices, including export promotion programs, and, if necessary, restrictions on U.S. imports of agricultural commodities and products in order to encourage fair and open trade; and (5) provide for increased representation of U.S. agricultural trade interests in the formulation of national fiscal and monetary policy affecting trade. Declares it is the purpose of this title to: (1) increase the Department of Agriculture's effectiveness in agricultural trade policy formulation; and (2) improve the competitiveness of U.S. agricultural commodities and products in the world market. Subtitle B: Agricultural Trade Initiatives - Part 1: General Provisions - Requires the Secretary of Agriculture annually to prepare, and the President to submit with the budget for each fiscal year, a Long-Term Agricultural Trade Strategy Report establishing recommended levels of spending on international activities of the Department of Agriculture for one, five, and ten fiscal year periods. Sets forth the contents of such report. Directs the Secretary of Agriculture to provide technical services to the USTR with respect to international negotiations on agricultural trade. Authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture, with respect to any country that has a positive trade balance with the United States, to develop a plan under which that country would purchase U.S. agricultural products for use in development activities in developing countries. Requires the Secretary of Agriculture to evaluate the reorganization proposal recommended by the National Commission on Agricultural Trade and Export Policy to improve management of international trade activities of the Department of Agriculture. Directs the Secretary of Agriculture to establish within the Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) an office to provide trade assistance and information to persons who are interested in exporting U.S. agricultural products or who believe they have been injured by unfair trade practices with respect to trade in such products. Part 2: Foreign Agricultural Service - Sets forth provisions concerning the FAS with respect to: (1) personnel levels; (2) agricultural attache educational programs; and (3) the foreign market development cooperator program. Authorizes appropriations for the FAS for FY 1988 through 1990. Subtitle C: Existing Agricultural Trade Programs - Requires the President, if a law has not been enacted before January 1, 1990, that implements a negotiated agreement under the Uruguay round of multilateral trade negotiations conducted under the GATT, to: (1) report to specified congressional committees on the status of the GATT negotiations on agricultural trade; and (2) certify to the Congress whether or not progress has been made in such negotiations. Requires the President, if he does not certify that progress has been made before the marketing of the 1990 wheat crop, to instruct the Secretary of Agriculture to permit the producers to repay loans made under the Agricultural Act of 1949 for each of the 1990 crops of wheat, feed grains, and soybeans at a level that is the lesser of: (1) the loan level determined for such crop; or (2) the prevailing world market price for such crop. Sets forth provisions relating to the promotion of agricultural exports. Sets forth provisions relating to price support programs for sunflower seeds and cottonseed. Amends the Food Security Act of 1985 to require the President to approve agreements for agricultural commodities distribution or sale by recipient countries on a multiyear basis if such agreements meet specified requirements. Sets forth provisions relating to: (1) export assistance for agricultural products; (2) the export credit gruarantee program; (3) the agricultural export enhancement program; (4) dairy export incentive program; (5) the barter of agricultural products; (6) food assistance to foreign countries; and (7) food aid and market development. Subtitle D: Wood and Wood Products - Amends the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 to include wood and processed wood products as agricultural commodities under such Act. Amends the Food Security Act of 1985 to include wood and wood products as agricultural commodities for short-term export credit purposes under such Act. Amends the Food for Peace Act of 1966 to include wood and wood products as agricultural commodities for intermediate-term credit purposes under such Act. Amends the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 to establish a cooperative national forest products marketing program to provide: (1) technical assistance to States, landowners, and small- or medium-sized forest products firms in order to improve foreign and domestic marketing; and (2) matching grants to States for State and regional forest products marketing. Authorizes FY 1988 through 1991 appropriations. Directs the Secretary to submit annual program reports to the Congress, with the final report due by September 30, 1990. Subtitle E: Studies and Reports - Requires the Secretary of Agriculture to conduct studies and/or reports on: (1) the Canadian Wheat Board's import licensing program; (2) the quantity of imported raw and processed agricultural products; (3) imported honey; (4) dairy import quotas; (5) intermediate export credit with respect to the enhancement of U.S. agricultural exports; (6) imported meat, poultry, eggs, and egg products; (7) circumvention of U.S. agricultural quotas; (8) imports of lamb meat; and (9) imported roses. Subtitle F: Miscellaneous Agricultural Provisions - Amends the Agricultural Adjustment Act to treat as other-source milk any milk produced by dairies owned by foreign persons and financed by or with the use of tax exempt bonds. Requires allocation of such milk as though it were received from producer-handlers for purposes of classifying it under the milk marketing program of such Act. Provides marketing order paid advertising for Florida-grown strawberries. Provides for an extension (not to exceed 35 days) of the time period for marketing orders. Amends the Federal Meat Inspection Act with respect to the inspection of meat by foreign countries that is imported into the United States. Expresses the sense of the Congress that land grant colleges should encourage the study and career objective of international marketing of agricultural products. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the USTR should enter into negotiations with the European Community concerning its use of duties, tariffs, and subsidies to limit the access to it of U.S. eggs and egg products. Expresses the sense of the Congress with respect to the opening of Republic of Korea markets to U.S. beef. Expresses the sense of the Congress with respect to U.S. access to Japanese agricultural markets. Subtitle G: Pesticide Monitoring Improvements - Pesticide Monitoring Improvements Act of 1988 - Sets forth provisions relating to the monitoring of imported and domestic food products for pesticide residues. Title V: Foreign Corrupt Practices Amendments; Investment; and Technology - Subtitle A: Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Amendments; Review of Certain Acquisitions - Part 1: Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Amendments - Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Amendments of 1988 - Amends the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to prohibit the imposition of criminal liability on securities issuers who fail to maintain an internal accounting controls system. Prohibits anyone from knowingly circumventing such accounting system for a purpose inconsistent with the accountability and accuracy goals of such system. Requires only good faith efforts at ensuring compliance by issuers who hold 50 percent or less of the voting power of domestic or foreign firms. Defines "reasonable assurances" and "reasonable detail." Amends the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 to revise the prohibition against domestic concerns using any means of interstate commerce to further payments to obtain business with a foreign official. Prohibits such payments that are made to: (1) influence a foreign official's act or induce such an official to violate a legal duty; or (2) induce a foreign official to affect a foreign government's act. Exempts from such prohibitions payments to foreign officials to expedite or to secure the performance of routine governmental action. Sets forth affirmative defenses for violations of this Act. Revises the fines and criminal penalties for violations of such Act. Prohibits domestic concerns from using interstate commerce to direct or authorize an agent to further such a payment to a foreign official. Empowers the Attorney General to undertake all civil investigations necessary to enforce this Act. Part 2: Review of Certain Mergers, Acquisitions, and Takeovers - Amends the Defense Production Act of 1950 to authorize the President to initiate an investigation to determine the effects on national security of mergers, acquisitions, and takeovers of U.S. corporations by foreign persons and persons engaged in U.S. interstate commerce. Authorizes the President to take action to restrict, suspend, or prohibit such merger, acquisition, or takeover if national security is threatened. Sets forth specified factors the President must consider in taking such action. Requires the President to report to the Congress. Subtitle B: Technology - Part 1: Technology Competitiveness - Technology Competitiveness Act - Subpart A: National Institute of Standards and Technology - Renames the National Bureau of Standards as the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Establishes the National Institute of Standards and Technology within the Department of Commerce. Declares that the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall enhance the competitiveness of American industry while maintaining its function as the lead national laboratory for providing the measurements, calibrations, and quality assurance techniques which underpin U.S. commerce, technological progress, improved product reliability and manufacturing processes, and public safety. Repeals specified provisions of Federal law relating to the National Bureau of Standards. Subpart B: Technology Extension Activities and Clearinghouse on State and Local Initiatives - Requires the Secretary of Commerce to provide assistance for the creation and support of Regional Centers for the Transfer of Manufacturing Technology that will be affiliated with any nonprofit institution or organization that applies for and is awarded a grant. Provides for the Centers to enhance productivity and technological performance in United States manufacturing through: (1) the transfer of manufacturing technology and techniques developed at the Institute; (2) the participation of individuals from industry, universities, State governments, other Federal agencies and the Institute; (3) efforts to make new manufacturing technology usable by small and medium-sized companies; (4) the dissemination of scientific, engineering, technical, and management information about manufacturing to industrial firms; and (5) use of the expertise of Federal laboratories other than the Institute. Provides that the Center's activities will include: (1) establishing experimental automated manufacturing systems, based on the Institute's research ; (2) disseminating Center expertise to a wide range of companies; and (3) making loans of items of advanced manufacturing equipment to small manufacturing firms with less than 100 employees. Authorizes the Secretary to provide financial support to any Center for a period not to exceed six years. Prohibits the Secretary from providing to a Center more than 50 percent of the capital and annual operating and maintenance funds required to maintain it. Requires that applicants for financial assistance provide assurances that they will contribute at least 50 percent of the Center's capital and annual operating and maintenance costs. Requires applicants to submit as part of their proposals a plan for the allocation of the legal rights associated with any invention which may result from the Center's technology transfer and research. Requires the Secretary to subject each application to merit review, peer review or other similar process and to consider: (1) the merits of the application; (2) the quality of service; (3) geographical diversity; and (4) the percentage of funding from other sources. Requires that each Center receiving a grant shall be evaluated during its third year of operation by a panel appointed by the Secretary. Prohibits the Secretary from providing funding for the fourth through the sixth years of such Center's operation unless the evaluation is positive. Prohibits the Department of Commerce from funding a Center after the sixth year of operation. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1989 and 1990. Authorizes the Secretary to provide technical assistance to State technology programs to help U.S. businesses, particularly small- and medium-sized businesses, enhance their competitiveness through the application of science and technology. Directs the Secretary to conduct a nationwide study of current State technology extension services. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1989 through 1991. Requires the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology to establish a program for the evaluation of inventions that are not energy-related to complement but not replace the Energy-Related Inventions Program established under the Federal Nonnuclear Energy Research and Development Act of 1974. Establishes within the Office of Productivity, Technology, and Innovation a Clearinghouse on State and Local Initiatives on Productivity, Technology, and Innovation to serve as a central repository of information on initiatives by State and local governments to enhance the competitiveness of American business. Requires the Secretary to: (1) establish relationships with State and local governments; (2) collect information on the nature, extent, and effects of State and local initiatives; (3) disseminate information on State and local initiatives through reports, directories, handbooks, conferences, and seminars; (4) provide technical assistance to State and local governments; (5) study ways in which Federal agencies can use existing programs to assist State and local governments; (6) make recommendations concerning modifications in Federal policies to improve assistance to State and local governments; (7) develop methodologies to evaluate State and local programs' effectiveness in enhancing the competitiveness of American business; and (8) make use of, and disseminate, the nationwide study of State industrial extension programs. Subpart C: Advanced Technology Program - Establishes within the National Institute of Standards and Technology an Advanced Technology Program to assist U.S. industry to create the generic technology to: (1) commercialize economically significant new scientific discoveries rapidly; and (2) refine advanced manufacturing technologies. Establishes within the National Institute of Standards and Technology a visiting Committee on Advanced Technology to review and make recommendations regarding general policy for the National Institute of Standards and Technology, its organization, budget, and programs. Subpart D: Technology Reviews - Requires the President, at the time of the submission of his FY 1989 budget request to the Congress, to also submit a report on his policies and budget proposals regarding: (1) Federal research in semiconductors and semiconductor manufacturing technology; (2) Federal research and acquisition policies for fiber optics and optical-electronic technologies; and (3) Federal research to assist U.S. industry to develop advanced manufacturing technologies for the production of durable and nondurable goods. National Advisory Committee on Semiconductor Research and Development Act of 1988 - Establishes within the executive branch the National Advisory Committee on Semiconductors to monitor and make recommendations with respect to the competitiveness of U.S. semiconductor technologies. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988 through 1990. Directs the President to appoint a National Commission on Superconductivity to review all major policy issues regarding U.S. applications of research advances in superconductors. Subpart E: Authorization of Appropriations - Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988 to the Secretary of Commerce to carry out the following activities performed by the National Institute of Technology: (1) measurement research and technology; (2) engineering measurements and manufacturing; (3) materials science and engineering; (4) computer science and technology; (5) research support activities; (6) Cold Neutron Source Facility; and (7) other specified programs. Authorizes the transfer of funds among such activities, not to exceed ten percent of the amount appropriated for such activity. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988 through 1990 for the Cold Neutron Source Facility. Amends the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 to authorize appropriations for FY 1988 for the Office of Productivity, Technology, and Innovation. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988 through 1990 for the establishment of Cooperative Research Centers. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988 for grants and cooperative agreements for technology and industrial innovation. Subpart F: Miscellaneous Technology and Commerce Provisions - Prohibits the National Institute of Technology from charging fees to research associates. Requires the Board of Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology to make as part of its annual review an assessment of emerging technologies which are expected to require research in meteorology to keep the Institute abreast of its mission, including process and quality control, engineering databases, advanced materials, electronics and fiber optics, bioprocess engineering, and advanced computing concepts. Requires the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology to prepare a plan detailing the manner in which the Institute will make small businesses more aware of its activities and research, particularly in manufacturing. Amends the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 to prohibit activities of the National Technical Information Service which were not performed by contractors as of September 30, 1987, from being contracted out unless the transfer is authorized by statute, or the value of all work performed in each fiscal year does not exceed $250,000. Establishes within the Department of Commerce a Commerce, Science, and Technology Fellowship Program. Amends the Metric Conversion Act of 1975 to declare it to be U.S. policy to designate the metric system of measurement as the preferred system of weights and measures for U.S. trade and commerce. Part 2: Symmetrical Access to Technological Research - Amends the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1979 to declare it to be U.S. policy that federally-supported international science and technology agreements should be negotiated to ensure that: (1) intellectual property rights are properly protected; and (2) access to research and development opportunities and facilities and the flow of scientific and technological information are, to the maximum extent practicable, equitable and reciprocal. Requires the President to transmit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Foreign Relations and Governmental Affairs of the Senate (currently, the Congress) a report containing recommendations with respect to equity of access by U.S. public and private entities to public research and development opportunities and facilities in each country which is a major trading partner of the United States. Part 3: National Critical Materials Council - Requires the National Critical Materials Council to prepare the national Federal program plan for advanced materials research and development under the National Critical Materials Act of 1984 and to submit such plan to the Congress. Amends the National Critical Materials Act of 1984 to authorize appropriations through FY 1992. Subtitle C: Competitiveness Policy Council Act - Competitiveness Policy Council Act - Establishes the Competitiveness Policy Council to analyze information and develop strategies with respect to the competitiveness of U.S. industries and business and trade policy. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1989 and 1990. Subtitle D: Federal Budget Competitiveness Impact Statement - Requires the President to include in the budget an analysis, prepared by the Office of Management and Budget, of the budget's impact on the international competitiveness of U.S. businesses and the U.S. balance of payments. Subtitle E: Trade Data and Studies - Part 1: National Trade Data Bank - Establishes the Interagency Trade Data Advisory Committee. Declares that such committee shall advise the Secretary of Commerce on the establishment and operation of a National Trade Data Bank in order to assure the timely collection of accurate data and provide the private sector and government officials efficient access to economic and trade data collected by the Federal Government for purposes of policymaking and export promotion. Directs the Secretary of Commerce to establish the Data Bank, which shall consist of the International Economic Data System and the Export Promotion Data System. Part 2: Studies - Requires the President or head of the appropriate Federal agency to include in every report made to the Congress on legislation which may affect the ability of U.S. firms to compete in domestic and international commerce a statement of the impact of such legislation on: (1) the international trade and public interest of the United States; and (2) the ability of U.S. firms engaged in the manufacture or provision of goods or services to compete in foreign or domestic markets. Requires the Advisory Council on Federal Participation in Sematech to submit to specified congressional committees a report concerning Federal participation in Sematech. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the President should evaluate the impact on U.S. competitiveness of: (1) defense spending by foreign countries, particularly Japan; and (2) other specified factors. Title VI: Education and Training for American Competitiveness - Education and Training for a Competitive America Act of 1988 - Subtitle A: Elementary and Secondary Education - Chapter 1: Mathematics and Science - Amends the Education for Economic Security Act to authorize appropriations for FY 1988 for financial assistance from the Secretary of Education to State and local educational agencies and to institutions of higher education to improve the skills of teachers and instruction in mathematics, science, computer learning, and foreign languages. Chapter 2: Adult Literacy - Amends the Adult Education Act to authorize the Secretary of Education to make grants to States for workplace adult literacy programs. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988 through 1990. Authorizes the Secretary to make grants to States for the establishment of English literacy programs for individuals of limited English proficiency. Chapter 3: Foreign Languages - Subchapter A: Foreign Language Assistance - Foreign Language Assistance Act of 1988 - Directs the Secretary of Education to make grants to State education agencies to fund model programs, designed and operated by local educational agencies, for the improvement and expansion of foreign language study for children who reside within their school districts. Sets forth formulas for determining the amount of such grants based on State population. Sets forth provisions relating to the availability of such funds. Sets forth grant application requirements for State educational agencies, including provisions for periodic student proficiency evaluation. Provides for program participation by private school children. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988 to carry out this subtitle. Subchapter B: Presidential Award for Languages - Authorizes the President to make Presidential Awards for Teaching Excellence in Foreign Languages to elementary and secondary school teachers of foreign languages who have demonstrated outstanding qualifications in the field of teaching foreign languages. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988 for such awards. Chapter 4: Science and Mathematics Elementary and Secondary Business Partnerships - Amends the Education for Economic Security Act to authorize the Secretary of Education to make grants to States for the improvement of elementary and secondary school resources with respect to mathematics and science. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988. Chapter 5: Educational Partnerships - Educational Partnerships Act of 1988 - Declares that the purpose of this chapter is to encourage the creation of educational partnerships between public schools and the private sector in order to apply the resources of the private and nonprofit sectors of the community, particularly business concerns and community-based organizations, to the needs of educational institutions in that community designed to encourage excellence in education. Authorizes the Secretary of Education (Secretary) to make grants to educational partnerships to pay the Federal share of costs of the model cooperative programs for authorized activities. Includes among such authorized activities: (1) projects which serve educationally disadvantaged and gifted and talented students; (2) projects designed to enrich secondary school students' career awareness; (3) projects for foreign language instruction; (4) special training for staff to facilitate public school/private sector cooperation; (5) academic internship programs; and (6) projects to provide tutoring by private sector personnel. Sets forth application requirements and the Federal share of such activities. Directs the Secretary annually to evaluate grants made under this chapter. Directs the Secretary to disseminate to State and local educational agencies and other participants in the eligible partnerships any information relating to the activities assisted under this chapter. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988 through 1993. Chapter 6: Star Schools Program - Star Schools Program Assistance Act - Amends the Education for Economic Security Act to add a title establishing a star schools program. Cites the new title as the Star Schools Program Assistance Act. Empowers the Secretary to make demonstration grants of up to a fiscal year maximum of $20,000,000 per grant to eligible telecommunications partnerships for the development, construction, and acquisition of telecommunications facilities and equipment and for technical assistance. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988 through 1992, subject to fiscal year limitations. Mandates that at least 50 percent of funds under this Act for any fiscal year be used for the cost of facilities, equipment, teacher training or retraining, technical assistance, or programming for certain local educational agencies. Sets forth eligibility criteria to identify eligible telecommunications partnerships, which must be organized on a statewide or multistate regional basis and be either: (1) a public agency or corporation established to provide education-related telecommunications networks to certain educational or health institutions or to industries; or (2) a partnership that will provide a telecommunications network and whose membership includes combinations of certain specified educational entities (especially elementary and secondary schools eligible for funds under title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 or such eligible schools operated by the Department of the Interior for Indian children) or public or private organizations experienced with telecommunications. Authorizes eligible partnerships to submit a grant application: (1) describing the telecommunications facilities, equipment, and technical assistance for which aid is being sought; (2) demonstrating that the services offered will increase the availability of courses of instruction in mathematics, science, and foreign languages; (3) describing teacher training policies to be implemented to ensure the effective use of the relevant facilities; (4) providing assurances that the financial interest of the United States in the telecommunications facilities and equipment will be protected for their useful life; (5) assuring that a significant portion of the facilities, equipment, technical assistance, and programming will be made available within local educational agencies having a high percentage of educationally deprived students; (6) describing how traditionally underserved students will participate in the benefits of such technology; and (7) containing other assurances and information as required by the Secretary. Directs the Secretary, in approving applications, to assure an equitable geographic distribution of grants and to give priority to certain applicants, including those partnerships that: (1) have the capacity to serve the broadest range of targeted institutions; (2) have substantial academic and teaching capabilities; (3) will serve a multistate area; (4) demonstrate strength in mathematics, science, and foreign language resources which by distribution through the partnership will offer new educational opportunities, especially to traditionally underserved populations and to areas with limited access to such resources; and (5) will meet the needs of individuals traditionally excluded from careers in mathematics and science because of discrimination, inaccessibility, or economically disadvantaged backgrounds. Requires each grantee to report to the Secretary concerning courses and materials to be transmitted by satellite to educational institutions and teacher training centers and to specify the locus and time of such transmissions. Directs the Secretary to: (1) compile and prepare for dissemination a listing and description of the courses and materials submitted by each grantee; and (2) distribute such list to all State educational agencies. Chapter 7: Projects and Programs Designed to Address School Dropout Problems and to Strengthen Basic Skills Instruction - Subchapter A - Assistance to Address School Dropout Problems - School Dropout Demonstration Assistance Act of 1988 - Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988 for grants to local educational agencies (LEAs) for demonstration programs of dropout prevention, reentry, information, and identification of at-risk students. Allots specified percentages of such funds to various categories of LEAs and educational partnerships. Limits the Federal share of project cost to no more than 90 percent in the first fiscal year and 75 percent in the second. Sets forth grant application requirements, including plans for dropout information collection and reporting systems. Sets forth authorized activities for which such grants may be used. Requires that: (1) at least 30 percent of grant funds be used for dropout prevention activities; (2) at least 30 percent of grant funds be used for dropout reentry persuasion and assistance activities; and (3) not more than five percent of any grant be used for administrative costs. Subchapter B: Assistance to Provide Basic Skills Improvement - Secondary Schools Basic Skills Demonstration Assistance Act of 1988 - Provides assistance to local eduational agencies with high concentrations of low-income children to improve the achievement of educationally deprived children enrolled in secondary schools. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988. Sets forth the authorized uses of such funds. Requires local educational agencies to include in applications for such funds a plan of operation as specified by this Act. Describes the process for the award of grants by State educational agencies to local agencies. Subchapter C: General Provisions - Sets forth provisions with respect to the administration of such grants. Chapter 8: Miscellaneous - Amends the Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act of 1986 to require State educational agencies to distribute specified funds for use among areas served by local or intermediate educational agencies or consortia on the basis of relative enrollments in public and private, nonprofit schools within such areas. Provides that FY 1987 funds may be allotted to local and intermediate educational agencies and educational agencies or consortia on the basis of relative enrollments in public and private, nonprofit schools within such areas. Provides that FY 1987 funds may be allotted to local and intermediate educational agencies and consortia on the basis of their relative numbers of children in the school-age population. Subtitle B: Technology and Training - Chapter 1: Transfer of Education and Training Software - Training Technology Transfer Act of 1988 - Establishes the Office of Training Technology Transfer in the Office of Educational Research and Improvement of the Department of Education. Provides that the Director of the Office shall be appointed by the Secretary of Education. Sets forth provisions relating to staffing and staff compensation. Requires the Director to compile and maintain a current and comprehensive clearinghouse of all knowledge and education and training software developed or scheduled to be developed by or under the supervision of Federal agencies. Requires the Director, in compiling such clearinghouse to: (1) consult with and fully utilize the resources of all Federal agencies engaged in the collection and dissemination of information concerning training technology; and (2) request the participation and cooperation of entities in the legislative and judicial branches. Requires the Director to disseminate the clearinghouse and its revisions widely and on a regular basis to give all potential users of training technology ample notice of its development by Federal agencies. Requires the Director, in doing so, to use all interagency and intergovernmental communications mechanisms and to encourage the participation of independent private sector organizations. Requires the Director to develop and distribute detailed instructions and procedures for securing copies, and rights thereto, of education and training software listed in such clearinghouse and guidelines for cooperative agreements between commercial users and public interest users under specified provisions of this title. Requires the Director to advise, consult and make grants to any prospective public interest user of education and training software listed in the clearinghouse and assist such user in securing the transfer and conversion of such technology from the Federal agency which developed it. Requires the Director to encourage such user to obtain such software by working with the Training Technology Transfer Officer of such agency. Requires the Director, if an agency has not established procedures for the transfer of such education and training software, to negotiate the transfer of such software upon application by such user. Authorizes the Director to enter into contracts with institutions of higher education and qualified private sector business concerns for the conversion of education and training software in order to adapt such software to the requirements of a public interest user. Requires the Director to advise and consult with any prospective commercial user of an education and training software listed in the clearinghouse. Authorizes the Director to sell or lease such software, including exclusive or nonexclusive rights in patents or copyrights, to a commercial user for a price or fee which reflects a reasonable return to the Government. Authorizes the Director to waive, or negotiate reductions of, such purchase prices or lease fees, or negotiate exclusive sale or lease agreements or other favorable terms for commercial users who agree to enter into cooperative agreements with public interest users or user groups. Requires such agreements to be acceptable to the Director and to provide for a conversion of the education and training software, without charge, by the commercial user to meet the specific needs of the public interest user or user group. Requires the Director, in negotiating such terms for the sale or lease of education and training software, to give preferential consideration to cooperative agreements which: (1) will result in enhancing the employment potential and potential earnings of the maximum number of individuals; (2) encourage and promote multiple uses of education and training software converted by users with similar training needs; and (3) provide beneficial uses of education and training software for small businesses. Requires any education and training software converted under such a cooperative agreement to be: (1) listed in the clearinghouse; and (2) available for transfer to any other public interest user. Requires the Director to: (1) study the effectiveness of education and training software transfers and conversions under this title; and (2) analyze national needs for methods to convert such education and training software which are in addition to the method of cooperative agreements between commercial and public interest users. Requires the Director, within two years after the enactment of this title, to report to the Congress on such study and analysis, with the Director's recommendations as to whether the public interest would be served through the establishment of a program of grants to support the conversion of education and software training. Requires all Federal agencies to cooperate with the Director in implementing this title. Requires Federal agency heads to report to the Secretary of Commerce if they find that their agency cannot cooperate with the Director for reasons of national security or any other reason. Directs the Secretary to report all such findings received during the preceding 12-month period to the Congress by July 1 of each year. Requires the Director to cooperate with the Federal Software Exchange Center of the National Technical Information Service to facilitate education and training software transfers between Federal agencies. Chapter 2: Instructional Programs in Technology Education - Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988 through 1993 for the Secretary of Education to establish a program of grants to local educational agencies, State educational agencies, consortia of public and private agencies, organizations and institutions, and institutions of higher education for not more than ten demonstration programs in technology education for secondary schools. Chapter 3: Replication of Technical Education Programs - Requires the Secretary of Education to gather, organize, and disseminate information on innovative programs at postsecondary and secondary schools designed to: (1) enhance the development of technical skills needed to improve the competitiveness of American industry; (2) encourage the development of higher skills of individuals facing job dislocation; (3) encourage the acquisition of basic literacy skills by youth as well as adults; and (4) involve the business community in the planning and offering of employment opportunities to the trained workforce. Directs the Secretary to: (1) gather, organize, and disseminate information on consultative efforts by elementary, secondary, and postsecondary education, business, labor, local, State, and Federal governments designed to improve the competitiveness of American business; and (2) provide technical assistance to any institution or entity to facilitate the gathering of information for replication models. Chapter 4: Vocational Education Programs - Amends the Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education Act to authorize grants to States to enable them to expand and improve vocational education programs designed to meet needs for training and employment development of adults. Sets forth the eligible programs for such grants. Requires a State receiving such a grant to include in its State plan, methods and procedures for coordinating vocational education programs and activities under this Act. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988 and 1989. Requires the Secretary to conduct a demonstration program designed to provide secondary school students with skills needed for employment or further education by forming partnerships with business and industry. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988 and 1989 to provide vocational education to individuals (particularly those 55 years of age or older) in order to assist their entry into, or advancement in, high technology occupations or to meet the technological needs of other industries or business. Directs the Secretary to establish demonstration programs in vocational training centers and community colleges to provide modular training in basic skills with the objective of rendering participants technologically literate. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988. Chapter 5: Access Demonstration Programs - Authorizes the Secretary of Education to make grants to institutions of higher education, private nonprofit agencies (including regional educational laboratories), public agencies, State educational agencies, or combinations thereof to support the development of training programs for secondary school personnel, including guidance counselors. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988. Subtitle C: Higher Education - Chapter 1: Student Literacy Corps - Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988 and any fiscal year thereafter, not to exceed two fiscal years, for literacy corps programs. Authorizes the Secretary to make grants to institutions of higher education for: (1) the costs for participation in such programs and stipends for student coordinators; and (2) technical assistance, collection and dissemination of information, and evaluation of such programs. Chapter 2: Special Research Facilities - Amends the Higher Education Act of 1965 to require the Secretary of Education to establish a new College and University Research Facilities and Instrumentation Modernization Program for agriculture, strategic metals, minerals, energy, forestry, and oceanic research that will provide assistance for the replacement or renovation of such institutions' obsolete laboratories, research facilities, and outmoded equipment. Sets forth program requirements. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988 through 1991. Chapter 3: Minority Science and Engineering Improvement - Amends the Higher Education Act of 1965 to authorize appropriations for FY 1988 through 1991 for funding new activities aimed at increasing the participation of minority students in scientific and engineering research careers. Chapter 4: Technology Transfer Centers - Amends the Higher Education Act of 1965 to authorize appropriations for FY 1988 through 1991 to develop, construct, and operate regional technology transfer centers to promote the development of programs to further the transfer of technology to relevant regions of the economy. Outlines administrative provisions. Chapter 5: Library Technology Enhancement - Amends the Higher Education Act of 1965 to authorize appropriations for FY 1988 through 1991 for activities that will enable libraries to participate in initiatives funded under the Education and Training for American Competitiveness Act of 1987. Chapter 6: International Business Education Program - Amends the Higher Education Act of 1965 to authorize the Secretary of Education to make grants to institutions of higher education to establish centers for international business education which will: (1) be natural resources for the teaching of improved international business techniques and strategies; (2) provide instruction in critical foreign languages and international fields to provide understanding of the customs of U.S. trading partners; and (3) provide research and training in the international aspects of trade and commerce. Outlines administrative provisions. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1988 through 1991. Chapter 7: Additional Higher Education Provisions - Amends the fundings requirements of the Ronald E. McNair Post-Baccalaureate Achievement Program to raise the amount of funding that may be allocated for such program if the annual appropriation for the Special Programs for Students from Disadvantaged Backgrounds equals or exceeds a specified amount. Subtitle D: Employment and Training for Dislocated Workers - Economic Dislocation and Worker Adjustment Assistance Act - Amends the Job Training Partnership Act to replace title III (Employment and Training Assistance for Dislocated Workers) with new provisions to aid dislocated persons. Outlines administrative provisions with respect to the allocation and use of such aid. Authorizes appropriations. Requires the Secretary of Labor to develop, in coordination with the Secretary of Agriculture, statistical data relating to permanent dislocation of farmers and ranchers due to farm and ranch failures. Directs the Secretary of Labor to conduct a study, in conjunction with the Secretary of State, to identify the extent to which countries enforce (and the producers who fail to comply with) internationally recognized worker rights. Requires such report to be submitted to the Congress. Requires the Secretary of Labor to make funds available through the U.S. Employment Service for the development and implementation of job bank systems in each State. Authorizes appropriations. Subtitle E: National Science Foundation University Infrastructure - National Science Foundation University Infrastructure Act of 1988 - Directs the National Science Foundation to establish: (1) an Academic Research Facilities Modernization Program which shall make awards to institutions, research museums, and consortia for the repair or replacement of such institutions' obsolete laboratories and other research facilities; and (2) the College Science Instrumentation Program which shall make awards to two-year and community colleges and four-year, non-Ph. D. degree-granting institutions or consortia for the purchase of instructional instrumentation. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1989. Title VII: Buy American Act of 1988 - Buy American Act of 1988 - Amends the Buy American Act to prohibit a Federal agency from awarding a procurement contract for goods produced or manufactured in: (1) a signatory country that is considered not in good standing under the Agreement on Government Procurement (Agreement); or (2) a foreign country whose government discriminates in awarding procurement contracts against U.S. products or services. Sets forth exceptions to such prohibition. Allows the President or the head of a Federal agency to award a contract for the procurement of goods produced or manufactured in, or a service provided by a foreign country to which such prohibition applies if the President or the head of an agency: (1) determines that such action is necessary in the public interest or to avoid the restriction of competition in a manner that would limit the procurement in question to, or would establish a preference for, the services or articles of a single manufacturer, or because there is an insufficient number of bidders; and (2) notifies the Congress of such determination. Amends the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 to require the President, by no later than April 30, 1990, and annually thereafter, to submit to specified congressional committees a report on the extent to which foreign countries discriminate against U.S. products or services. Requires the USTR to request consultations with such countries to obtain their compliance with the Agreement or the elimination of their discriminatory procurement practices. Sets forth provisions with respect to violations of the Agreement. Title VIII: Small Business - Small Business International Trade and Competitiveness Act - Amends the Small Business Act to require the Office of International Trade (Office) to cooperate with other relevant Federal agencies, including the Department of Commerce, the Small Business Export Assistance Centers, regional and local Small Business Administration (Administration) offices, the small business community, and relevant State and local export promotion programs to: (1) develop a distribution network for existing trade promotion, trade finance, trade adjustment, trade data collection programs; (2) assist in the marketing of these programs and the dissemination of marketing information to the small business community; and (3) give preference in hiring or transferring personnel fluent in English into the Office. Requires the Office to: (1) cooperate with the Department of Commerce and other relevant agencies, regional and local Administration offices, the Small Business Development Center network, the Small Business Export Assistance network, and State programs to develop mechanisms for identifying subsectors of the small business community with strong export potential, identify areas of demand in foreign markets, prescreen foreign buyers for commercial and credit purposes, increase international marketing by disseminating information about market leads, goods and services produced by small businesses and linking potential sellers and buyers; (2) assist small businesses in the formation of export trading companies, export management companies and research and development pools; (3) work with other Federal agencies, the Administration's local and regional offices, the Small Business Export Assistance Center network, and the private sector to identify existing foreign language translation services; (4) work closely with the Department of Commerce and other relevant Federal agencies to collect and analyze data regarding the small business share of U.S. exports and the nature of State exports, make recommendations to the Secretary of Commerce and to the Congress regarding revision of the SIC code, improve the utility and accessibility of existing export promotion programs for small businesses, and increase the accessibility of the Export Trading Company contact facilitation service; and (5) make available to the small business community information regarding conferences on exporting and international trade. Requires the Office to work with the Export-Import Bank, the Department of Commerce, and the States to develop a program through which export specialists in the regional and district offices of the Administration, regional and local loan officers, and Small Business Export Assistance Center personnel can facilitate the access of small businesses to relevant export financing programs of the Export-Import Bank and to export and preexport financing programs available through the Administration and the private sector. Directs the Office to cooperate with the Export-Import Bank and the small business community to: (1) market existing Administration export financing and preexport financing programs; (2) identify financing available under various Export-Import Bank programs; (3) assist in the development of financial intermediaries; (4) promote greater participation by private financial institutions in export finance; and (5) provide for the participation of Administration personnel in training programs conducted by the Export-Import Bank. Directs the Office to: (1) cooperate with other Federal agencies and the private sector to counsel small business on proceedings related to the United States trade laws; and (2) cooperate with the Department of Commerce, the United States Trade Representative, and the International Trade Commission to increase access to trade remedy proceedings for small businesses. Requires the Office to report to the House and Senate small business committees on the implementation of the above provisions. Authorizes appropriations to the Administration to conduct a National Seminar on Small Business Exports for FY 1988 and 1989. Authorizes the Administration to provide extensions and revolving lines of credit for export purposes and for preexport financing to enable small business concerns to develop foreign markets. Limits extensions and revolving lines of credit to 18 months. Requires the Administration, when considering loan or guarantee applications, to consider export-related benefits. Authorizes appropriations to the Administration for FY 1988 and 1989 for Small Business Development Centers. Requires the Small Business Development Centers to work with the Administration's regional and local offices, the Department of Commerce, appropriate Federal, State, and local agencies and the small business community to disseminate and service delivery mechanisms for existing trade promotion, trade finance, trade adjustment, trade remedy, and trade data collection programs of particular utility for small businesses. Revises requirements with respect to loans from the Administration to small businesses. Requires the Administrator of the Small Business Administration to report to the House and Senate small business committees on the advisability of amending the Small Business Innovation Research program to: (1) increase each agency's share of research and development expenditures devoted to it by 0.25 percent per year until a goal of three percent is achieved; (2) make the Small Business Innovation Research Program permanent with a formal congressional review every ten years, beginning in 1993; (3) allocate a share of each agency's Small Business Innovation Research fund for administrative purposes for effective management, quality maintenance, and the elimination of program delays; and (4) include within the Small Business Innovation and Research program all agencies expending between $20,000,000 and $100,000,000 in extramural research and development funds annually. Requires the Administrator to submit to specified congressional committees a report that would: (1) analyze the possible effect of increased outsourcing and other shifts in production arrangements on small firms within the subcontractor tier; (2) assess the impact of specific economic policies, including, but not limited to, procurement, tax and trade policies, in facilitating outsourcing and other international production arrangements; and (3) make recommendations on Government policy that would improve the competitiveness of smaller U.S. subcontractors. Requires the Comptroller General to conduct a study and submit a report to specified congressional committees on: (1) the costs incurred by small businesses to institute import relief actions under the trade laws; and (2) the extent of assistance provided to small businesses by the Trade Remedy Assistance Office. Requires the Administration to conduct a National Seminar on Small Business Exports within one year following enactment of this Act. Provides that the Conference will bring together experts in international trade and small business development and representatives of small businesses, trade associations, the labor community, academic institutions, and Federal, State, and local governments. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the United States Trade Representative should appoint a special trade assistant for small business. Title IX: Patents - Subtitle A: Process Patents - Process Patent Amendments Act of 1988 - Amends the patent laws to make it an infringement of a patent to use, sell, or import into the United States without authority a product produced by a process patented in the United States. Excludes products materially changed by subsequent processes or products which become a trivial and nonessential component of another product. States that no modification of remedies is available to any person who practiced the patented process, is controlled by or controls the person who practiced the process, or who had knowledge before the infringement that a patented process was being used in violation of this Act. Requires an infringer to have actual knowledge of infringement or sufficient information as to the likelihood of infringement before remedies are available to the patent holder. Makes remedies contingent upon the good faith practiced by both parties, as well as the need to restore exclusive patent rights. Requires a party to show good faith by requesting or responding to a request for disclosure by a manufacturer of all process patents owned or licensed to such manufacturer at the time of the request which could reasonably be believed to be infringed if imported, used, or sold in the United States by an unauthorized party. Limits requests to persons regularly engaged or about to be regularly engaged in the business. Requires requests to be made before a notice of infringement and to include a representation that the requester will submit identified patents to the manufacturer or supplier to obtain a written statement that these patents are not being violated. Requires notices of infringement to specify the patent allegedly infringed and the reasons why such infringement is suspected. Places the burden of proof in an infringement action to show that product was not produced by the patented process on the defendant. Makes this provision effective prospectively only, except where a specific product is already in substantial and continuous sale or use by a person in the United States on January 1, 1988, or for which substantial preparation has been made. Directs the Secretary of Commerce to report annually to the Congress for five years on the effect of this provision on the importation of manufacturing ingredients in certain domestic industries. Subtitle B: Foreign Filing - Patent Law Foreign Filing Amendments Act of 1988 - Permits the modification of an application for patent protection filed in a foreign country if the original subject matter and modifications would not have required permission because of their detrimental effect on national security. Subtitle C: Patent Term Extension - Extends the patent term for the drug Lopid for a three-year-and-six-month period from the date of its expiration. Title X: Ocean and Air Transportation - Subtitle A: Foreign Shipping Practices - Foreign Shipping Practices Act of 1988 - Requires the Federal Maritime Commission to investigate all laws, regulations, and practices of foreign governments and all practices of foreign carriers or of other persons providing maritime or maritime-related services in a foreign country which result in different conditions, in U.S. oceanborne trades, for U.S. carriers than for foreign carriers. Authorizes initiation of such investigation on the Commission's own motion or on petition of any person. Requires the investigation to be completed within 120 days after it is initiated, subject to one extension of 90 days in certain circumstances. Authorizes the Commission to order any person to file necessary information. Authorizes the Commission to order the response to such order to be under oath, prescribe the form and time of such response, and determine that information submitted under this provision, in response to a subpoena under a specified provision of this Act, or otherwise, shall not be disclosed to the public. Authorizes the Commission, when such different conditions exist, after notice and opportunity for comment, to take any action it considers necessary, including limiting sailings, suspending tariffs, and suspending the right of an ocean common carrier to operate under any agreement filed with the Commission. Requires that, before an order becomes effective or a request is made by the Commission for an action by the collector of customs or the Coast Guard under provisions of this Act, the order must be submitted to the President who may, within ten days of receiving the order, disapprove the order, in certain circumstances. Requires, upon request of the Commission, when the Commission finds that such different conditions exist: (1) the collector of customs to refuse clearance to any foreign vessel identified by the Commission; and (2) the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating to deny entry of any foreign vessel so identified into the United States or to detain any such vessel from leaving one U.S. port for another U.S. port. Requires the Commission to include in its annual report to the Congress a list of countries generating the largest volume of oceanborne bilateral trade with the United States, an analysis of conditions being investigated, actions taken by the Commission, and any recommendations for legislation. Amends the Merchant Marine Act, 1936 to authorize the President to make use of foreign currencies owned by or owed to the United States for the development and use of mobile trade fairs which are designed to show and sell U.S. products at foreign ports. Subtitle B: International Air Transportation - Amends the International Air Transportation Fair Competitive Practices Act of 1974 to reduce the maximum period from 180 days to 90 days in whch the Secretary of Transportation must act upon complaints charging foreign discriminatory, predatory, or anticompetitive practices against U.S. air carriers. Requires the Secretary in considering any complaint to: (1) solicit the views of the Department of State, the Department of Commerce, and the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative; and (2) provide any affected air carrier or foreign air carrier with reasonable notice and opportunity to file evidence with respect to such complaint. Directs the Secretary not later than the 30th day after taking action with respect to such complaint to report his actions to specified congressional committees.
United States · United States Congress · 16 June 1988
International Narcotics Control Act of 1988 - Title I: Latin American Regional Anti-Narcotics Force - Expresses the sense of the Congress concerning the need for a Latin American regional anti-narcotics force. Instructs the President to direct the U.S. representative to the Organization of American States (OAS) to consult with other member nations on the feasibility of establishing a Latin American regional anti-narcotics force and developing a comprehensive regional strategy for dealing with narcotics production and trafficking. Directs the President to call for a meeting of heads of state of member nations, if there is a positive response within OAS, to conclude an agreement for: (1) the establishment of such a force, with appropriate member contributions of personnel, training, equipment, and financial resources; and (2) the development of such a strategy. Requires the President to direct the Secretary of Defense to provide appropriate assistance for the force. Authorizes appropriations. Requires the President to notify specified congressional committees not less than 15 days before obligating funds authorized under this title. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the Assistant Secretary of State for International Narcotics Matters (Assistant Secretary) should: (1) seek the establishment of a regional anti-narcotics training center in the Caribbean; and (2) contribute funds or other resources and seek contributions from other countries to such a center. Urges the President to seek the establishment of other regional anti-narcotics forces. Title II: Foreign Assistance Programs - Subtitle A: Authorizations and Earmarkings of Assistance - Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (FAA) to authorize FY 1989 appropriations for narcotics international control assistance to other countries and to international organizations. Sets a minimum expenditure level for the testing and use of safe, effective herbicides for aerial eradication of coca. Makes available a portion of FY 1989 grant military assistance funds to arm, for defensive purposes, extant aircraft used in narcotic control eradication or interdiction efforts. Applies the standard 15 days' notice requirement to specified congressional committees in connection with this reprogramming. Earmarks amounts from funds for international military education and training to be used solely for: (1) education and training involving equipment used in narcotics interdiction and eradication efforts in Latin America and the Caribbean; and (2) the expenses of deploying Department of Defense mobile training teams in a requesting country to conduct training in military-related skills to improve its tactical operations in narcotics interdiction. Limits this assistance to foreign law enforcement agencies or other units organized expressly for narcotics enforcement and to countries that meet criteria set out in this title. Waives provisions that would prohibit the use of grant military assistance funds to procure weapons or ammunition for foreign law enforcement entities when they are organized specifically for narcotics enforcement in countries meeting the criteria of this title. Directs the President to report to the Congress within 15 days before funds are obligated for this type of assistance. Describes required report contents. Provides for human rights reporting with respect to countries authorized to receive assistance. Earmarks an amount to be available solely for assistance for countries in Latin America or the Caribbean. Directs the President to reallocate funds withheld from countries failing to take adequate steps to halt illicit drug production or trafficking for use by countries that have met their illicit drug eradication targets or have otherwise taken significant steps to halt illicit drug production or trafficking. Prescribes conditions to govern transfers among international narcotics control assistance funds and reprogramming of security assistance resulting from these reallocations. Authorizes supplemental FY 1989 appropriations for activities to increase awareness of the effects of illicit narcotic production and trafficking on source and transit countries. Subtitle B: Provisions Relating to Specific Countries - Urges the Assistant Secretary for International Narcotics Matters to pay greater attention, and provide more narcotics control assistance, to those countries that are drug-transit countries (but not major ones) cooperating with U.S. international narcotics control efforts. Earmarks a minimum FY 1989 amount to be available for their assistance. Permits security assistance to Bolivia for FY 1989 only if the President certifies to the Congress that the Government of Bolivia has enacted specified types of legislation to eradicate illicit coca production. Sets nonwaivable conditions that the Government of Bolivia must meet before the President may make the certification necessary to obligate and expend FY 1989 U.S. assistance funds suspended because of major illicit drug activities (certification). Requires that project agreement documents for projects in Bolivia contain a clause calling for suspension of FY 1989 development assistance if the Government of Bolivia fails to keep project areas free of illicit coca cultivation. Deletes a provision of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1988 that earmarked funds for narcotics interdiction and control programs for Bolivia. Directs the President, in making FY 1989 determinations with respect to the certification necessary for assistance to Peru, to give foremost consideration to whether the Government of Peru made substantial progress in meeting its coca eradication targets during the previous year. Describes conditions that must be met before FY 1989 funds may be made available for the Agency for International Development's project in the Upper Huallaga Valley of Peru. Limits FY 1989 international narcotics control assistance made available for Mexico. Withholds a portion of these funds until the President reports to the Congress the Mexican Government's compliance with conditions relating to the murder and torture of Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) agents. Directs the President, in making FY 1989 determinations with respect to the certification necessary for assistance to Mexico, to consider the Mexican Government's response to U.S. proposals to establish and implement a joint U.S.-Mexico airborne apprehension capability and air surveillance operations. Encourages the Government of Mexico, upon ratification of the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty with the United States, to furnish banking information pursuant to the treaty that would permit the successful U.S. investigation and prosecution of major narco-terrorists who use Mexican financial institutions to launder their profits. Includes Colombia among the countries authorized to have more than six members of the U.S. armed forces assigned to carry out international security assistance programs. Authorizes supplemental FY 1989 appropriations to be used exclusively for defense articles to the Colombian armed forces to support their anti-narcotics efforts. Earmarks amounts to assist Colombia in providing protection against narco-terrorist attacks on judges, other government officials, and members of the press. Requires congressional notification at least 15 days before funds may be obligated. Directs the President, in making determinations with respect to the certification necessary for assistance to Pakistan, to take into account the extent to which the Government of Pakistan is increasing specified anti-narcotics activities. Directs the President to review and report to the Congress by December 31, 1988, on U.S. narcotics raw material policy, determining what options are available to reduce U.S. reliance on licit opium gum from foreign sources. Directs the President to make a certification for FY 1989 with respect to India only if he determines that the Government of India has taken certain actions to curb illicit opium cultivation and production. Requires the President, if certification is made, to include a detailed report on what steps were taken and an estimate of the amount of licit opium still being diverted to the illicit market. Expresses the sense of the Congress that: (1) the U.S. Government should pursue efforts to press the Government of Afghanistan, and work with the Mujahadeen, to reduce heroin production and trafficking in areas under their respective control and to encourage eradication, interdiction, and crop substitution in Afghanistan; and (2) an initiative should be developed which could be put in place as the Mujahadeen and successors to the present Kabul regime begin to exert greater civil authority. Directs the President to: (1) prepare and transmit to the Congress quarterly reports containing determinations with respect to any involvement by the Government of Laos (and other governments in the region) in illicit drug production and trafficking. Describes required report contents, depending on the determinations reached. Prohibits U.S. assistance to Laos and directs the U.S. representative to any multilateral development bank to vote to oppose any loan or other use of funds for the benefit of Laos, if the Government or any senior official of Laos is involved in illicit drug production or trafficking, unless the President certifies to the Congress that overriding vital national interests require the assistance and it would improve the prospects for cooperation with Laos in halting the flow of illegal drugs. Subtitle C: Annual Report and Certification Process - Requires the President's annual report to the Congress pursuant to the FAA to: (1) express in numerical terms the maximum reductions in illicit drug production achievable during the next fiscal year; and (2) describe the U.S. assistance for the preceding fiscal year that was denied to each major illicit drug producing country and each major drug-transit country. Requires certification to include the determination that a government has taken the legal and law enforcement steps necessary to eliminate, to the maximum extent possible, corruption by government officials. Establishes a timetable according to which the Secretary of State must establish numerical standards and other guidelines for determining which countries will be considered as major drug-transit countries for FAA purposes. Requires reports to appropriate congressional committees in connection with these standards and their modifications. Revises the FAA definition of "bilateral narcotics agreement" for purposes of certifications made on or after March 1, 1989. Amends related FAA provisions to permit multilateral agreements as an alternative to bilateral ones. Waives restrictions on FY 1989 U.S. assistance to any major drug-transit country if the President certifies to the Congress that: (1) significant drug-related money laundering is not occurring there with government knowledge or complicity; (2) the country previously was a major illicit drug producing country but has effectively eliminated illicit drug production during each of the preceding two years; and (3) the country is cooperating fully with the United States or has taken adequate steps on its own in satisfying specified anti-narcotics goals. Revises procedures governing congressional review of presidential certifications associated with suspensions of U.S. assistance. Repeals certain amendments to the FAA definition of "United States assistance." Directs the President to report to the Congress annually, rather than biannually, listing each major illicit drug producing country and major drug-transit country. Includes this report in the required midyear report on international narcotics control activities and operations. Subtitle D: Miscellaneous Provisions - Applies the standard reprogramming procedures of the FAA to any transfer by the U.S. Government to a foreign country for narcotics control purposes of any property seized by or otherwise forfeited to the Government in connection with narcotics-related activity. Requires annual reports to the Congress regarding such transfers. Expresses the sense of the Congress that suppression of international narcotics trafficking is among the most important U.S. foreign policy objectives. Directs the President to take all reasonable steps to ensure that assistance under the FAA and the Arms Export Control Act is not provided to or through any individual or entity that the President knows or has reason to believe: (1) has been convicted of a violation of, or a conspiracy to violate, any U.S. or foreign law relating to narcotics, psychotropic drugs, or other controlled substances; or (2) is or has been an illicit trafficker in any such substance. Requires the President to issue regulations, subject to congressional review, specifying steps to be taken in carrying out this provision. Exempts from certain competitive procurement requirements the procurement of property or services for international narcotics control assistance on a case-by-case basis, with the Secretary's approval. Prohibits use of such exemption for procurement including more than 30 percent of funds available each fiscal year for such assistance. Prohibits the use of narcotics control assistance funds to acquire real property for use by foreign military, paramilitary, or law enforcement forces. Authorizes the Export-Import Bank of the United States to guarantee, insure, and extend credit in connection with the sale of defense articles or services if the Secretary determines that the sale is to a democratic government for anti-narcotics purposes. Corrects technical errors in the FAA and in the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986. Title III: Department of State Activities - Makes the Secretary of State responsible for coordinating all Government assistance to support international efforts to combat illicit narcotics production or trafficking. Requires the Secretary to submit annual reports to the appropriate congressional committees. Describes required report contents. Allows reports to be classified to the extent necessary. Amends the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 to authorize appropriations, without fiscal year limitation, for use in paying rewards for information leading to the arrest or conviction of individuals for certain extraterritorial narcotics-related offenses. Directs the Secretary to revoke the passport and other travel documents of any individual convicted of any violation of a Federal or State law involving controlled substances if the offense is a felony (or of the Bank Secrecy Act or the Money Laundering Act if the Secretary determines that the violation is related to illicit production of or trafficking in a controlled substance) and if, in committing the offense, the individual used a passport or other travel document or otherwise crossed an international border. Allows the Secretary to take such action if the offense involved is a misdemeanor. Sets a ten-year (or, in the case of a misdemeanor, a five-year) period of ineligibility for a passport or other travel document from the date of conviction. Makes an exception for an individual's first conviction for a misdemeanor which involves only possession of a controlled substance. Permits exceptions in emergency circumstances or for humanitarian reasons. Empowers the President, by regulation, to prescribe procedures for indicating an individual's drug law violations on passports, other travel documents, and identification papers used during immigration and customs inspections. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1989 through 1991 for expenses of the Department of State in developing and implementing a machine readable visa system. Directs the Secretary to place greater emphasis on updating extradition treaties and on negotiating mutual legal assistance treaties with major illicit drug producing and drug-transit countries. Requires the Secretary and the Attorney General to jointly develop a model extradition treaty with respect to narcotics-related violations, a model mutual legal assistance treaty, and model comprehensive anti-narcotics legislation. Directs the Secretary to distribute these materials to each U.S. mission abroad and to report to the Congress within six months after enactment of this Act. Expresses the sense of the Congress that Regional Security Officers and other security personnel at U.S. embassies and other civilian posts abroad should be directed to expand their investigative activities with respect to illicit drug use and trafficking by Government personnel and their dependents. Urges the Secretary to permit the assignment of additional DEA agents to U.S. diplomatic missions in foreign countries where illicit narcotics production or trafficking is, or is likely to become, a significant problem. Title IV: Annual Certification Procedures With Respect To Multilateral Development Financing, Trade, and Aviation - Establishes a certification procedure with respect to multilateral development bank (MDB) financing for major illicit drug producing and major drug-transit countries which is separate from the certification procedure applicable to bilateral assistance under the FAA. Directs the Secretary of the Treasury, on March 1 of each year, to instruct the U.S. executive directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Development Association, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the Asian Development Bank to vote against any loan or other utilization of funds to or for any major illicit drug producing or major drug-transit country, unless the President has certified to the Congress that: (1) during the previous year the country has cooperated fully with the United States, or has taken adequate steps on its own, in satisfying the goals agreed to in an applicable bilateral narcotics agreement with the United States or a multilateral agreement to prevent the illegal transportation, production, use, or sale of controlled substances and drug-related government corruption and money laundering in that country; or (2) the vital national interests of the United States require MDB financing for such country. Requires that the President include in any latter certification: (1) a full and complete description of the vital national interests placed at risk should MDB financing not be provided to such country; and (2) a statement weighing such risk against the risks posed to vital national interests by the failure of such country to combat narcotics. Lists factors to be considered by the President in determining whether such former certification shall be made, including whether actions of the country's government have resulted in maximum reductions in illicit drug production determined to be achievable under the FAA. Provides for congressional disapproval by joint resolution of the President's certifications. Directs the Secretary of State: (1) to establish numerical standards and other guidelines for use each year in determining which countries will be considered to be major drug-transit countries; (2) by September 1 each year, to notify the appropriate congressional committees of the standards to be used; and (3) by October 1 each year, to notify the appropriate committees of the countries likely to be determined to be major drug-transit countries and the countries likely to be determined to be major illicit drug producing countries. Makes conforming amendments to remove certification for MDB financing from the FAA. Amends provisions of the Trade Act of 1974 regarding tariff treatment of products of, and other sanctions against, uncooperative major drug producing or drug transit countries to: (1) change the congressional review period within which the Congress may enact a joint resolution of disapproval of the President's certification from 30 days to 45 days; and (2) revise the criteria for cooperation to include satisfying the goals in agreement with the United States or a multilateral agreement to combat narcotics. Makes such amendments applicable with respect to any such certification made by the President on or after March 1, 1989. Provides that a country which in the previous year was designated as a major drug producing or a major drug-transit country may not be determined to be cooperating fully under such Act unless it has in place a bilateral agreement or a multilateral agreement to combat narcotics. Provides for a waiver of otherwise applicable sanctions if the President certifies to the Congress that vital national interests require that sanctions not be applied. Directs the Secretary of State to establish numerical standards and other guidelines for determining which countries shall be considered to be major drug-transit countries under such Act.
![Official portrait of Rep. Bonker, Don [D-WA-3]](https://www.congress.gov/img/member/b000620_200.jpg)