United States · United States Congress · 22 May 1986
Sub-Saharan Africa Natural Resource and Environmental Management Training and Education Act of 1986 - Requires the President, in order to promote a long-term development program for sub-Saharan Africa, to establish and provide assistance for a training and education program to encourage the development and utilization of appropriate natural resources and environmental management techniques. Requires particular emphasis to be placed on local-level training in techniques using smaller, cost-saving, community-based technologies. Sets forth elements to be included in such program. Requires the training under this program to incorporate women's needs in appropriate proportions to their traditional participation in the targeted activity. Requires each Agency for International Development (AID) development strategy statement for each sub-Saharan African country to include a plan to assist that country in the development of an effective natural resource and environmental management training and education program. Requires program activities to include close consultation with, and involvement of, community and local organizations. Requires the objectives of this Act to be accomplished whenever practicable through private and voluntary organizations or national nongovernmental organizations. Requires AID to make available funds for training and education activities in sub-Saharan African countries in accordance with this Act for FY 1987. Urges AID to request technical assistance from other Federal agencies where appropriate. Requires AID to review and report to the Congress on the effectiveness of existing indigenous capabilities for natural resource and environmental management training.
United States · United States Congress · 20 May 1986
New Clean Coal Retrofit Technologies and Electric Generation and Industrial Energy Development Act of 1986 - Directs the Secretary of Energy to recommend to the Congress and the President: (1) actions to implement clean, cost-effective coal technologies in electric-generating facilities and domestic basic industries (such as steel and aluminum); and (2) administrative and regulatory actions (including financial assistance) to facilitate the use of clean-coal technologies. Establishes within the Department of Energy a Clean Coal Advisory Committee to advise the Secretary in formulating recommendations required by this Act. Instructs the Secretary to: (1) solicit in the Federal Register project proposals for clean coal technologies which are capable of retrofitting, repowering, or modernizing existing facilities; and (2) submit an analytical report to the Congress regarding the response to such solicitation and the extent to which funds in the Clean Coal Technology Reserve will accelerate the commercial availability of such technologies.
United States · United States Congress · 20 May 1986
Amends the Internal Revenue Code to allow homeowners to deduct the full amount of prepaid interest in connection with the refinancing of their principal residences for the taxable year in which paid.
United States · United States Congress · 13 May 1986
Drug Dealer Capital Punishment Act of 1986 - Amends the Controlled Substances Act to establish criteria for the imposition of the death penalty where, as a result of a continuing criminal enterprise, an individual (other than a participant in such conduct) dies. Requires the Government, for such offense, to serve notice upon the defendant, a reasonable time before trial or acceptance of a plea, disclosing that it intends to seek the death penalty and the aggravating factors upon which it will rely. Requires a separate sentencing hearing before a jury, or the court upon motion by the defendant, when the defendant is found guilty or pleads guilty to such offense. Allows the defendant and the Government to present any information relevant to sentencing, without regard to the rules of evidence, but permits information to be excluded where its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, or misleading of the jury. Directs the court, or the jury by unanimous vote, to impose the death penalty upon finding that such sentence is justified based on consideration of both aggravating and mitigating factors. Sets forth some mitigating factors to be considered by the jury or the court when imposing its sentence. Includes as aggravating factors to be considered by the jury or the court: (1) the intentional nature of the act which resulted in the victim's death; (2) previous convictions for offenses for which life imprisonment or death is authorized; and (3) the especially heinous, cruel, or depraved nature of the offense. Requires the court to instruct the jury not to consider the race, color, national origin, creed, or sex of the defendant in its consideration of the sentence. Allows the court to impose a sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for such offenses when the death penalty is not imposed. Establishes procedures for appeal from a death sentence. Requires the Court of Appeals, upon consideration of the record and the information and procedures of the sentencing hearing, to affirm the decision if: (1) the sentence was not imposed under the influence of passion, prejudice, or arbitrariness; and (2) the information supports the finding of aggravating factors or the absence of mitigating factors. Requires the court to provide a written explanation of its determination.
United States · United States Congress · 8 May 1986
Antiterrorism Act of 1986 - Amends the Federal criminal code to establish a new Federal offense of international terrorism. Defines international terrorism as an act of violence directed against the United States or a national of the United States which is intended to coerce, intimidate, or retaliate against a government or civilian population. Establishes criteria for the imposition of the death penalty where a death results from an act of international terrorism. Lists mitigating factors (including the defendant's age and mental capacity) and aggravating factors (including previous convictions and the nature of the offense) for jury, or court, consideration. Requires the government to serve notice upon the defendant a reasonable time before trial or acceptance of a plea that it intends to seek the death penalty and the aggravating factors upon which it will rely. Requires a separate sentencing hearing to determine the punishment to be imposed upon a defendant found guilty of international terrorism. Requires the court, or the jury by unanimous vote, to impose the death penalty upon a finding that such sentence is justified based on consideration of both the mitigating and aggravating factors. Requires the court to instruct the jury not to consider the race, color, national origin, creed, or sex of the defendant when sentencing. Establishes procedures for the appeal of a death sentence. Requires the court of appeals, upon consideration of the trial record, information submitted during the sentencing hearing, and the procedures of such hearing, to affirm the decision if: (1) the sentence was not imposed under the influence of passion, prejudice, or arbitrariness; and (2) the information supports the finding. Requires the court to provide a written explanation of its determination. Establishes procedures for the implementation of the death penalty. States that the death penalty shall not be carried out upon pregnant women. Requests the President to study the threat of terrorist attack and means to control the availability of and use of explosives by terrorists. Requests the President to report the results of such study to the Congress. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the President should establish a process to encourage the negotiation of an international convention to prevent international terrorism. Amends the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 to provide assistance in developing and implementing antiterrorism plans for deep draft ports, international airports, and other important facilities. Makes the transmission of threats in foreign commerce, as well as interstate commerce, a Federal offense.
United States · United States Congress · 7 May 1986
Federal Tort Claims Reform Act of 1986 - Amends the Federal Tort Claims Act to provide that the United States shall not be held jointly and severally liable for an injury (unless the United States and another person were acting in concert). Limits U.S. liability to its pro rata share of fault or responsibility for the injury. Requires that damage awards be offset by amounts received as compensation for the same injury. Limits the amount of damages for noneconomic losses to $100,000. Allows damage awards for future economic damages exceeding $100,000 to be made by periodic payments. Establishes a contingency fee schedule for plaintiffs' attorneys. Makes the provisions of such Act applicable to claims brought against the United States under certain admiralty statutes.
United States · United States Congress · 7 May 1986
Government Contractor Liability Reform Act of 1986 - Declares that this Act: (1) applies to all actions filed in Federal or State court; and (2) shall preempt and supersede any State law to the extent it is inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, unless it provides defenses to or limitations on a person's liability in addition to those provided by this Act. Provides that a government contractor shall not be found liable for damages in a contractor product liability action: (1) for any injury unless the contractor was negligent in the design, production, distribution, or sale of such product, or the product was defective, and such defect rendered the product unreasonably dangerous; (2) for any injury related to an unreasonable or unforeseeable use or alteration of the product; (3) for any injury related to the failure to provide an adequate warning or instruction as to any danger associated with the use of the product if such danger would be apparent to a reasonable person, or the danger is a matter of common knowledge; and (4) for any injury related to a design defect, or to a failure to provide such adequate warning or instruction, unless at the time the product was made the ability to discover and to eliminate the defect or danger was available and capable of use according to engineering and manufacturing practices which were reasonably feasible in existing technology. Declares that a contractor may not be found liabile for damages in a contractor service action unless the contractor is found to have been negligent in providing such service. Bars the application of joint and several liability in a contractor product liability or service action, except in those cases where the injury was proximately caused by two or more persons acting in concert. Declares that in actions subject to this Act, non-economic damages may not be awarded in excess of $100,000. Permits the periodic payment of judgments for future economic loss where the award exceeds $100,000. Provides that any award for damages for personal injury or death shall be reduced by the amount of compensation received from certain collateral sources of income for the same injury or death. Establishes a schedule for the size of any contingency fee an attorney may charge under this Act. Directs the Attorney General to provide the Congress, within one year after enactment of this Act, with recommendations to: (1) implement alternative dispute resolution techniques to achieve the efficient, cost-effective, and expeditious disposition of civil disputes; and (2) modify procedural and evidentiary rules to accommodate such techniques.
United States · United States Congress · 7 May 1986
Product Liability Reform Act of 1986 - Preempts inconsistent State laws. Declares that the provisions of this Act are inapplicable in certain actions under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954. Bases liability for damages in product liability actions on whether: (1) the design, production, distribution, or sale of the product was negligent; or (2) the product was defective, and such defect rendered the product unreasonably dangerous. Includes among the applicable defenses in such actions proof that: (1) the defect was the subject of an adequate warning; (2) the defect was apparent to a reasonable person, or the subject of common knowledge; (3) the injury resulted from an unreasonable or unforeseeable use or alteration of the product; and (4) at the time the product was made, the ability to discover and eliminate the defect was unavailable. States that joint and several liability may not be applied to any product liability action subject to this Act (unless persons acting in concert were the proximate cause of the injury). Limits the amount of damages for noneconomic losses to $100,000. Requires that damage awards for future economic losses exceeding $100,000 be made by periodic payments. Requires that damage awards be offset by amounts received as compensation for the same injury. Establishes a contingency fee schedule for plaintiffs' attorneys. Directs the Attorney General to provide recommendations regarding the creation, adoption, and use of alternative dispute resolution techniques.
United States · United States Congress · 7 May 1986
Expresses the sense of the Congress that relations between the United States and China would be enhanced if the Government of People's Republic of China continued its progress toward a more open economic and political system with greater protection of human rights.
United States · United States Congress · 6 May 1986
Expresses the sense of the Congress that the President and the Secretary of State should insist at the Vienna Review Meeting of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, and in discussions with Communist Party and Soviet leaders, that imprisoned and exiled members of the Ukrainian and other Helsinki Monitoring Groups be released and allowed to emigrate to the countries of their choice. Expresses the sense of the Congress that: (1) the Secretary of State should ensure that the U.S. consulate in Kiev reports on Soviet human rights violations in the Ukraine; and (2) such information should be included in reports on compliance with the Helsinki Final Act.
United States · United States Congress · 5 May 1986
Sexual Abuse Act of 1986 - Amends the Federal criminal code to provide for a series of graded sexual offenses consisting of: aggravated sexual abuse, sexual abuse, and abusive sexual contact. Provides for an offense involving the sexual abuse of a minor or ward. Makes such offenses neutral as to gender. Repeals the chapter on rape. Makes conforming changes to the Public Health Service Act, the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, the Mental Health Systems Act, and the Federal Aviation Act.
United States · United States Congress · 1 May 1986
Allows the Attorney General to accept donations on behalf of the Bureau of Prisons and the Federal Prison Industries, Incorporated. Amends the Walsh-Healey Act to remove the limitation regarding the use of convict labor in the manufacture, production, or furnishing of goods purchased by the Federal Government.
United States · United States Congress · 30 April 1986
Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 - Amends the Federal criminal code to change the scienter requirement from "knowingly" to "intentionally" for certain offenses regarding accessing the computer files of another. Revises the definition of "financial institution" to which the financial record provisions of computer fraud law apply. Applies such provisions to any financial records (including those of corporations and small businesses), not just those of individuals and certain partnerships. Revises the criminal liability of persons who exceed authorized access to Federal computers. (Makes the basic offense trespass. Removes the coverage of authorized accessors who exceed their authorization, but without "intent to defraud.") Creates new Federal criminal offenses of: (1) property theft by computer occurring as part of a scheme to defraud; (2) altering information in, or preventing the authorized use of, a Federal interest computer; and (3) trafficking in computer access passwords. Eliminates the special conspiracy provisions for computer crimes. (Such conspiracies shall be treated under the general Federal conspiracy statutes.) Amends penalty provisions to remove the cap on fines for certain computer crimes. Exempts authorized law enforcement or intelligence activities.
United States · United States Congress · 29 April 1986
Manufacture and Public Distribution of Certain Copyrighted Material Act - Amends the copyright law to extend indefinitely the manufacturing clause, which prohibits the importation of certain English language books not manufactured in the United States or Canada. Eliminates the Canadian exemption, per se, after 1988. Permits exemptions from such restriction if a foreign country, including Canada, is certified by the United States Trade Representative as providing adequate copyright protection for U.S. nationals and such country freely trades in printed matter with the United States or adheres to a bilateral or multilateral agreement with the United States and supports internationally recognized workers' rights.
United States · United States Congress · 29 April 1986
Declares that the House of Representatives: (1) condemns the Soviet Union's failure to provide notification and information about the nuclear accident at Chernobyl; and (2) calls upon the Soviet Union to permit outside nuclear experts to assist with the accident and to allow the international press corps to cover the situation.
United States · United States Congress · 17 April 1986
Anti-Terrorism Act of 1986 - Declares that any person who organizes, attempts, commits, procures, or supports acts of terrorism shall be considered to have committed an act of aggression against the United States and may be pursued with deadly force. Defines terrorism to mean activity directed against U.S. persons which: (1) is committed by a non-U.S. national or permanent resident alien; (2) involves violent or dangerous acts which would be crimes in the United States; and (3) is intended to intimidate a civilian population, to influence government policy, or to affect the conduct of a government by assassination or kidnapping. Authorizes the President, subject to the provisions of the Constitution, to protect U.S. persons from terrorism through the use of all antiterrorism and counterterrorism measures that the President deems necessary. Requires the President's authority to apply: (1) to all terrorists wherever they may be; and (2) until the President determines that no terrorist poses a threat to U.S. persons. Prohibits this Act from being construed as granting any authority to use deadly force within the United States which would not exist in the absence of this Act. Requires the President to report to the Congress within ten days of taking any action under this Act.
United States · United States Congress · 17 April 1986
Declares that the House of Representatives, on behalf of the U.S. people, expresses its gratitude to the Government and people of the United Kingdom who assisted the United States in its exercise of self-defense against Libya and in the fight against state-sponsored international terrorism.
United States · United States Congress · 10 April 1986
Designates May 21, 1986, as National Andrei Sakharov Day. Authorizes and requests the President to urge the Soviet Union to permit Andrei Sakharov and Elena Bonner to freely choose their place of residence.
United States · United States Congress · 10 April 1986
Expresses the sense of the Congress that the Secretary of Defense should defer the final award of a specified contract (for crawler tractors) until the Congress completes consideration of the Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1987.
United States · United States Congress · 9 April 1986
Prohibits the proposed sale of integrated avionics system kits (and related defense articles and defense services) to China as contained in a specified certification transmitted by the President pursuant to the Arms Export Control Act to the Congress unless the United States sells advanced aircraft to Taiwan.
United States · United States Congress · 8 April 1986
Establishes the Insurance Availability Crisis Commission of 1986 to: (1) coordinate the intergovernmental examination of the tort law system and its relationship with insurance availability and cost; (2) bring representatives of industry, government, and consumers together to perform an examination of the issue of insurance availability; (3) make recommendations for reform of the tort system and insurance industry practices; and (4) raise funds to cover the costs of the Commission's activities. Directs the Commission to report its findings and recommendations to the President, the Congress, and the executive officer of each State. Provides for the Commission's termination upon the transmission of such report. Authorizes appropriations.
United States · United States Congress · 8 April 1986
Expresses the sense of the Congress that the Farm Credit Administration and its associated agencies and institutions should take additional actions to alleviate the agricultural financial situation, including restructuring, rather than foreclosing, loans.
United States · United States Congress · 21 March 1986
Amends the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to require nonprofit health service entities which dispense prescription drugs to register with the Secretary of Health and Human Services.
United States · United States Congress · 19 February 1986
Authorizes and requests the President to present, on behalf of the Congress, gold medals to Anatoly and Avital Shcharansky in recognition of their supreme dedication and total commitment to human rights and freedoms. Requires the Secretary of the Treasury to determine the design of the medals. Authorizes appropriations. Authorizes the Secretary to sell bronze duplicates of the medals.
United States · United States Congress · 6 February 1986
General Aviation Tort Reform Act of 1986 - Amends the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure to provide uniform rules for negligence and products liability claims arising from general aviation accidents. Allows any person claiming damages from such an accident to bring a products liability action against the general aviation manufacturer if: (1) the product was defective when it left the control of the manufacturer; (2) the defective condition was the proximate cause of the harm; (3) the condition would not have been corrected by actions described in directives issued by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) or the manufacturer; and (4) the aircraft was being used for a purpose and in a manner for which it was manufactured. Provides an alternative method to establish manufacturer liability where the manufacturer failed to provide reasonable warnings (unless such warnings would not have affected the conduct of the product user). Provides a third method to establish manufacturer liability where: (1) the manufacturer made an express warranty with respect to the product; (2) the warranty related to that aspect of the product which caused the harm; (3) the product failed to conform to the warranty; and (4) such failure was the proximate cause of the harm. States that all actions for damages arising from a general aviation accident shall be governed by the principles of comparative responsibility. Provides that defendants in such actions are severally but not jointly liable for damages (except that manufacturers of airframes and systems or components of aircraft may be jointly and severally liable under certain circumstances). Provides a 12-year limitation on liability of manufacturers. States that express warranties running for a longer period of time and the duty to provide additional warnings shall not be affected by such limitations. Allows awards of punitive damages. Prescribes a statute of limitations for such actions. Preempts State laws to the extent that this Act establishes applicable rules or procedures. Grants Federal district courts (concurrently with State courts) original jurisdiction (without regard to the amount in controversy) in all civil actions for damages arising out of a general aviation accident. Allows the removal of State actions to an appropriate Federal district court by any defendant. Prescribes venue restrictions. Expresses the intent of the Congress that orders to pay reasonable expenses, including attorney's fees, be enforced.
![Official portrait of Rep. Gekas, George W. [R-PA-17]](https://www.congress.gov/img/member/g000121_200.jpg)