United States · United States Congress · 17 August 1978
Criminal Justice Improvements Act - Title I: Revision of Title 18 - Repeals by not reenacting certain offenses, including the capturing or killing of carrier pigeons, building vessels for slave trade purposes, selling intoxicants to Indians, and advocating overthrow of the Federal or State government. Incorporates into Title 18 certain offenses which are located in other United States Code sections, including aircraft piracy, assaulting certain Federal government officers or employees, and interference with the exercise of certain rights in the buying, selling, and renting of housing. Consolidates chapters which contain similar subject matter. Repeals by not reenacting certain procedural provisions, and excludes procedural provisions which are cross-referenced to the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. Modifies the language of three offenses dealing with abortion to read "illegal abortion." Revises the maximum authorized terms of imprisonment for 14 offenses, including conspiracy to defraud the government with respect to claims (from ten years to five years), the transportation of slaves (from five years to ten years), and destruction of a vessel by the owner (from life to ten years). Specifies a uniform fine structure in which the maximum fines are related to the maximum authorized terms of imprisonment. Authorizes imposition of a fine upon any person found guilty of an offense. Directs the court to consider the defendants' financial status when deciding whether to impose a fine and its amount. Directs the Judicial Conference of the United States to analyze on a continuing basis data relating to sentencing in the Federal courts. Requires the Conference to develop, make available, and evaluate advisory sentencing guidelines. Requires the court, in determining a particular sentence, to consider specific factors, including: (1) the nature and circumstances of the offense and the history and characteristics of the defendant; (2) the need for the sentence imposed to provide punishment commensurate with the seriousness of the offense, to deter similar conduct, protect the public, or provide the defendant needed training; (3) effective alternatives to imprisonment; and (4) any applicable advisory sentencing guidelines. Allows a defendant who has been convicted to be sentenced to a term of probation and specifies limitations. Increases from six months to one year the length of time a person can be confined while on probation. Requires probation officers to provide to the court information which is necessary to evaluate sentencing alternatives and information concerning advisory guidelines. Directs officers to conduct pre-release or pre-parole investigations. Decreases from six months to 90 days the minimum sentence for which good time allowance may be deducted. Applies restrictions on release prior to trial to offenses punishable by life imprisonment. Eliminates and modifies certain corrections provisions. Requires requests from specified sources to the court for the use of juvenile records to be in writing. Title II: Technical and Conforming Provisions - Conforms the fine levels of criminal statutes in other titles of the United States Code (except the Internal Revenue Code) to those of Title 18. Sets January 1, 1980, as the effective date of this Act.
United States · United States Congress · 15 June 1978
Investment Incentive Act - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to restore part of the pre-1969 tax treatment of capital gains by repealing the capital gains item of tax preference for the minimum tax; lowering the corporate alternative tax to 25 percent of net capital gain; and lowering the alternative individual tax to 25 percent of net capital gain.
United States · United States Congress · 31 May 1978
Authorizes the President of the United States to designate the week beginning on the Sunday preceding the fourth Thursday in November of each year as "National Family Week".
United States · United States Congress · 25 May 1978
Adds a new rule to the Federal Rules of Evidence providing that evidence obtained as a result of a search or seizure and which is relevant, obtained in good faith and is otherwise admissible shall not be excluded from evidence unless the court finds that such search or seizure was made in intentional violation of the fourth amendment to the Constitution of the United States.
United States · United States Congress · 9 May 1978
Directs that the United States District Court for the Central District of California shall be held at Santa Ana, Riverside, and San Bernardino as well as Los Angeles.
United States · United States Congress · 2 May 1978
Prohibits any proposed constitutional amendment from becoming an amendment unless, in addition to ratification by three-fourths of the States, both Houses of Congress pass a resolution declaring that such ratification was made within a reasonable time after submission to the States and fairly represents a current consensus by three-fourths of the States that the proposed amendment be a part of the Constitution.
United States · United States Congress · 25 April 1978
Defines "public provider" for purposes of reimbursement to nonprofit rehabilitation clinics which provide medical services to aged and disabled individuals covered by the Supplementary Medical Insurance program of Title XVIII (Medicare) of the Social Security Act.
United States · United States Congress · 15 March 1978
Expresses the condemnation by the Congress of the March 11, 1978, attack on Israel by the Palestine Liberation Organization, and the expressed intention of the PLO to continue such attacks and to disrupt the peace efforts between Israel and Egypt. Requests the President to make the disapproval of the Congress known to governments approving the PLO attack. Expresses Congressional approval of the peace efforts between Israel and Egypt. Urges other Middle East countries to join such efforts. Declares negotiation to be the best way to bring peace to the Middle East.
United States · United States Congress · 23 January 1978
Calls upon the President to direct the Attorney General to retain David W. Marston as United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania until all investigations of corruption involving public officials presently being conducted in such district are concluded.
United States · United States Congress · 27 October 1977
Stipulates that the $5,000 increase in the official expenses allowance for Members of the House of Representatives shall not take effect until the House of Representatives adopts a resolution determining specific guidelines for what constitutes an official expense.
United States · United States Congress · 26 October 1977
Declares that the House Select Committee on Ethic's shall expire upon the completion of its official business. Extends the authority of the Select Committee to report bills and resolutions, adopt regulations, and issue advisory opinions until such expiration date.
United States · United States Congress · 18 October 1977
Abolishes: (1) diversity of citizenship as a basis of jurisdiction of Federal district courts; and (2) the amount in controversy requirement in Federal question cases. Permits venue for a Federal civil action in any judicial district in which a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim occurred, or in which a substantial part of property that is the subject of the action is situated.
United States · United States Congress · 22 September 1977
Expresses the sense of the Congress that any right to, title to, or interest in the property of the United States Government agencies in the Panama Canal Zone or any real property and improvements thereon located in the zone should not be conveyed, relinquished, or otherwise disposed of to any foreign government without specific authorization of such conveyance, relinquishment, or other disposition by any Act of Congress.
United States · United States Congress · 5 August 1977
Amends the Internal Revenue Code to provide identical income tax rates for single persons and married couples filing joint returns. Limits the earned income that must be reported by a married individual filing a separate return to the amount actually earned by that individual.
United States · United States Congress · 12 July 1977
Requires a petition for removal of a State prosecution to Federal court to include all grounds for removal. Specifies procedures for consideration of such petitions by district courts.
United States · United States Congress · 16 June 1977
Directs the President to appoint a specified number of additional judges to designated United States district courts and courts of appeals. Eliminates the exception for certain districts having two judges with respect to the requirement that no judge age 70 or older serve as chief judge.
United States · United States Congress · 5 May 1977
Authorizes the President of the United States to designate the week beginning on the Sunday preceding the fourth Thursday in November of each year as "National Family Week".
United States · United States Congress · 27 April 1977
Legal Services Corporation Amendments Act - Amends the Legal Services Corporation Act to subject the Corporation and each State advisory council established under such Act to Government in the Sunshine Act requirements regarding open meetings. Authorizes the Corporation to carry out its research, training, and assistance functions by means of grant or contract. Permits up to ten percent of the funds appropriated to the Corporation to be used for such purposes. Requires a court appointing an attorney employed by an organization receiving assistance under the Legal Services Corporation Act to provide for reasonable compensation for such attorney, unless the appointment is made pursuant to a law or practice applied generally to all lawyers appearing before the court. States that attorneys receiving more than one-half their annual professional income from an organization established for the sole purpose of providing legal assistance under the Legal Services Corporation Act shall be deemed to be State or local employees for purposes of provisions prohibiting certain activities of such employees in connection with partisan politics. Repeals restrictions on political activities unrelated to legal assistance with respect to such attorneys. Revises guidelines regarding eligibility for, and priorities relative to, such assistance. Revises the limitations on the use of funds made available by the Corporation to (1) permit the provision of legal assistance with respect to criminal matters where a person is charged with an offense involving hunting, fishing, trapping, or gathering fruit of the land, a defense asserted involves rights arising from an Indian treaty, or a person is charged with a misdemeanor or lesser offense in an Indian tribal court; and (2) eliminate prohibitions against providing legal assistance to un-emancipated persons less than 18 years of age or in connection with a proceeding relative to school desegregation or a selective service or military violation; and (3) revise the prohibition against providing legal assistance to organize or encourage the formation of any organization or coalition. Authorizes appropriations for carrying out the activities of the Corporation through fiscal year 1979. Authorizes the appointment of independent hearing examiners to preside over hearings to suspend or terminate assistance under the Legal Service Corporation Act.
United States · United States Congress · 19 April 1977
Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to pay a specified sum to the Orange County (Calif.) Water District in full satisfaction of all its claims against the United States arising out of a cooperative agreement between them regarding the demonstration of seawater desalting technology.
United States · United States Congress · 31 March 1977
Approves the proposed amendment to the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure contained in an April 26, 1976, Supreme Court order permitting the parties to stipulate in writing that a verdict may be returned by a jury of less than 12 should the court find it necessary to dismiss a juror after trial commences. Approves proposed amendments contained in such order modified as follows: (1) revises the proposed amendment relative to disclosure of grand jury proceedings to restrict access to such information to only attorneys for the government and to deny access to those persons assisting such attorneys; and (2) revises the proposed amendment relative to factfinding in nonjury trials to require a special finding as to the facts unless such a finding is waived by the defendant. Disapproves three other proposed amendments contained in such order: (1) reducing the number of preemptory jury challenges and permitting a variance in the number of such challenges; (2) setting forth procedures for the removal of State prosecutions to Federal court; and (3) permitting issuance of search warrants in certain circumstances on the basis of oral testimony, communicated by telephone or otherwise, of a person not in the magistrate's presence.
United States · United States Congress · 23 March 1977
Increases the minimum amount which must be in controversy to qualify for Federal court jurisdiction on the basis of diversity of citizenship. Prohibits any person from invoking diversity jurisdiction in any State of which he is a citizen. Prohibits a business entity which has maintained a business establishment for more than two years in a State from invoking diversity jurisdiction in such State in any action arising from the establishment's activities. Prohibits an individual from invoking diversity jurisdiction in any State in which he has had his present business or place of employment for more than two years. Sets forth removal, venue, and joinder guidelines based upon diversity jurisdiction as modified by this Act.
United States · United States Congress · 17 March 1977
Creates a Select House Committee on Population to conduct an investigation and study of: (1) the major adverse effects of current population growth throughout the world; (2) approaches which have been shown to be effective in coping with excessive population growth; and (3) means to encourage countries with excessive population growth rates to adopt methods proven to be successful in reducing population growth rates.
United States · United States Congress · 10 March 1977
Directs the President to appoint a specified number of additional judges to designated United States district courts and courts of appeals. Authorizes the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts to place an additional eight positions in grades 16, 17, and 18 of the General Schedule.
United States · United States Congress · 1 March 1977
Amends rule XVI of the Rules of the House of Representatives to apply the ten minutes of debate rules to a motion to recommit with instructions on the adoption of a simple resolution or conference report after the previous question has been ordered.
United States · United States Congress · 23 February 1977
Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to pay a specified sum to a certain individual in full settlement of such individual's claims against the United States.
United States · United States Congress · 23 February 1977
National Court of Appeals Act - Establises a National Court of Appeals to be composed of a Chief Judge and six associate judges. Grants the Court jurisdiction over (1) cases referred to it by the Supreme Court and (2) cases transferred to it by a court of appeals, the court of claims, or the court of customs and Patent Appeals. Permits the court to decline to decide any case referred to it by the Supreme Court, unless directed otherwise by the Supreme Court, or any case transferred to it. Provides for Supreme Court review of any case in the National Court of Appeals by means of a writ of certiorari.
United States · United States Congress · 23 February 1977
Declares all forged, altered, or counterfeit coins or currency and all illegally possessed dangerous drugs contraband and subject to seizure and summary forfeiture to the United States. Directs that all such contraband in the possession of the United States be immediately destroyed except where essential for purposes of law enforcement or criminal proceedings.
United States · United States Congress · 23 February 1977
Federal Appellate Court Revision Act - Title I: Appellate Court Revision - Limits to seven years the amount of time which a circuit judge may serve as chief circuit judge. Sets priorities for selection of circuit judges for on banc hearings. Prohibits a judge who has retired from regular active service from participating in such a hearing. Revises eligibility criteria for retirement from regular active service of Federal judges and justices. Authorizes the appointment of legal assistants to aid courts of appeals. Directs that copies of brief, decisions, and related documents filed in connection with each matter before a court of appeals, the Court of Claims, or the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals be deposited in the Library of Congress. Title II: Commission on the Federal Judicial System - Establishes a Commission on the Federal Judicial System to study the structure and procedures of the Federal judicial system on a continuing basis.
United States · United States Congress · 23 February 1977
Declares it the sense of the House of Representatives: (1) that the President should obtain removal of the trade impairments placed on dried prunes by the European Economic Community and should seek agreement with the European Economic Community that similar restrictive measures will not be imposed in the future, and (2) that the European Economic Community should be placed on notice that retaliatory measures will be taken if restrictive import regulations are placed on walnuts.
United States · United States Congress · 14 September 1976
Act for the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Internationally Protected Persons - Establishes penalties for killing, attempting to kill, kidnapping, assaulting, or threatening a foreign officer, official guest, or internationally protected person. Establishes additional penalties for assault on such persons with a deadly or dangerous weapon. Defines "internationally protected person" to mean a chief of state, head of government, or foreign minister, and any member of his family accompanying him. Establishes penalties for willfully intimidating, coercing, or harassing an official guest and for obstructing a foreign official in the performance of official duties. Establishes penalties for committing acts on or within 100 feet of any building or premises used by a foreign government, foreign official, or international organization for diplomatic or residential purposes if such acts are intended to intimidate, coerce, threaten, or harass any foreign official or obstruct such individual in the performance of official duties. Authorizes the United States, if the victim of an offense under this Act is an international protected person, to exercise jurisdiction over the offense if the alleged offender is present within the United States, irrespective of the place where the offense was committed or the nationality of the victim or the alleged offender. Authorizes the Attorney General to request assistance from any Federal, State, or local agency, including the Army, Navy, and Air Force, any statute, rule, or regulation to the contrary notwithstanding, in order to enforce this Act. (Amends 18 U.S.C. 112, 970, 1116, 1201, Adds 18 U.S.C. 878)
United States · United States Congress · 13 September 1976
Permits the use of unsworn declarations under penalty of perjury as evidence in Federal proceedings wherever, under any law of the United States or any requirement pursuant to law, any matter is required or permitted to be supported by a sworn declaration.
United States · United States Congress · 8 September 1976
Amends the Civil Rights Attorney's Fees Awards Act of 1976 to permit a court to award to the prevailing party, other than the United States, a reasonable attorney's fee as part of the costs in any action or proceeding to enforce equal rights under law, property rights of citizens, liability for deprivation of rights under color of law, liability for conspiracy to interfere with civil rights, liability for neglect to prevent conspiracy to interfere with civil rights, prohibitions against education discrimination based on sex or blindness, and prohibitions against discrimination in federally-assisted programs.
United States · United States Congress · 2 September 1976
Amends the Civil Rights Attorney's Fees Awards Act of 1976 to permit a court to award to the prevailing party, other than the United States, a reasonable attorney's fee as part of the costs in any action or proceeding to enforce equal rights under law, property rights of citizens, liability for deprivation of rights under color of law, liability for conspiracy to interfere with civil rights, liability for neglect to prevent conspiracy to interfere with civil rights, prohibitions against education discrimination based on sex or blindness, and prohibitions against discrimination in federally-assisted programs.
United States · United States Congress · 30 June 1976
Patent Law Amendments - Directs the Commissioner of Patents to establish rules and regulations for the citation to the Patent Office of prior art patents or publications, pertinent to the validity of patents, and for the reexamination of patents in the light of such prior art. Allows any person, within the period of enforceability of a patent, to cite to the Office in the specified manner prior patents or publications which may have a bearing on the patentability of any claim of the patent. Allows any person, within the period of enforceability of a patent, to request reexamination of the patent in the light of any such cited prior art. Requires the Commissioner, within 90 days following the filing of a request for reexamination, to make a determination as to whether a substantial new question of patentability is raised by consideration of the prior art cited. Stipulates that a determination that such a new question of patentability is not so raised shall be final and nonappealable. Directs the Commissioner, where such a question is so raised, to order a reexamination of the patent. Requires that the patent owner be provided an opportunity in a reexamination proceeding under this Act to amend any claim of the patent in order to distinguish the claim from prior art cited. Permits the patent owner to appeal from an adverse final decision in the reexamination proceeding. Prohibits relying on a patent or printed publication as evidence of nonpatentability in a civil action involving an issue of validity or infringement of a patent unless the patent or publication was cited by or to the Patent Office during prosecution of the application for the patent or was for consideration by the Office in accordance with this Act. Permits parties to such actions to secure a stay of proceedings sufficient to enable such party to search for and cite any pertinent prior art. (Adds 35 U.S.C. 301-311)