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United States · Official source
772 records where Sen. Mondale, Walter F. [D-MN] is listed as a sponsor, author, or other actor. Search with topics and years
United States · United States Congress · 9 October 1975
Express the sense of the Congress that the observance of Thanksgiving include the practice of "Thankful Giving". Invites Americans to share with the hungry of the world.
United States · United States Congress · 8 October 1975
Lifetime Learning Act - Establishes an Office of Lifetime Learning Programs in the Office of Education in order to encourage the expansion of such programs. Authorizes appropriations to carry out the provisions of this Act. Defines "lifetime learning program" as any activity designed to meet the changing educational needs of Americans throughout their lives. Authorizes the United States Commissioner of Education through the Office to identify the needs involved and to create activities or to fund existing activities to provide a lifetime learning program. Requires the Commissioner to submit annual reports to the President and Congress setting forth the programs assisted under this Act and recommendations for legislation. Directs the Commissioner to submit to Congress not later than January 1, 1979, a report to be known as the Lifetime Learning Report, summarizing the activities and accomplishments achieved under this Act.
United States · United States Congress · 2 October 1975
Provides that the inpatient hospital deductible under title XVIII (Medicare) of the Social Security Act shall be increased from $40 to $92 in the case of any spell of illness beginning before 1977. Sets forth a formula for adjusting the impatient deductible for subsequent years, equal to $92 multiplied by the ratio of the current average per diem rate for inpatient hospital services for the preceding year to the current average per diem rate for such services for 1974.
United States · United States Congress · 1 October 1975
Directs the Secretary of Agriculture to establish a program for purposes of preventing and controlling Dutch elm disease in forest, urban, and other areas. States that such program shall include: (1) the conducting of surveys; (2) the providing of assistance in cooperation with State or local agencies; and (3) the acceleration of research. Authorizes to be appropriated, for the activities performed under (1) and (2), $5,000,000 for fiscal year 1976; $7,000,000 for fiscal year 1977; $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1978; and such sums as may be necessary for the succeeding fiscal years. Authorizes to be appropriated, for the research conducted under (3), $400,000 for each of the five fiscal years beginning with fiscal year 1976.
United States · United States Congress · 29 September 1975
States that the purpose of this Act is to provide the additional funding which will make possible the implementation of the new child care standards under title XX of the Social Security Act without severely curtailing the availability of child care services. Provides additional Federal funds to States to be employed in such a way as to increase the employment of welfare recipients and other low-income persons in jobs related to the provision of child care services. Limits the tax credit under the Internal Revenue Code with respect to Federal welfare recipient employment incentive expenses paid or incurred by the taxpayer to an eligible employee whose services are performed in connection with a child day care services program to $1000. Authorizes direct payments by the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare in lieu of the income tax credit to tax exempt organizations.
United States · United States Congress · 25 September 1975
Establishes the Joint Congressional Task Force on Federal Small Business Impact to be composed of one majority and one minority Member from the House Small Business Committee, the Senate Select Committee on Small Business, and the Joint Economic Committee. Directs the task force to establish subject matter priorities and assignments for the committees of the House and Senate in order to coordinate and assign to such committees areas for investigations to be undertaken. Provides that such investigations shall examine Federal programs and laws that affect small business in America. Requires the task force, upon completion of such investigations, to prepare a report and make recommendations for legislation based upon information by the committees. Provides that expenses of the task force shall be apid from the contingent fund of the Senate and House. Authorizes the appropriation of no more than $50,000 for expenses incurred by any committee during such investigations.
United States · United States Congress · 25 September 1975
Calls upon the President's Special Representative for Trade Negotiations and other officials to develop a code of conduct and specific trading obligations among governments, together with suitable procedures for dispute settlement.
United States · United States Congress · 23 September 1975
Prohibits, under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and the Internal Revenue Code, the reduction of disability payments under employer-maintained disability compensation plans whenever qualified benefit payments under the Social Security Act are increased.
United States · United States Congress · 23 September 1975
Increases the amount of the estate tax exemption under the Internal Revenue Code from $60,000 to $150,000. Provides that farmland included in the gross estate be valued according to its use as farmland.
United States · United States Congress · 23 September 1975
Provides, under the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act, that no amount of budget authority, which the President proposes be rescinded or reserved from obligation, may be reserved or withheld from obligation unless and until the Congress has completed action on a rescission bill rescinding all or part of such amount.
United States · United States Congress · 17 September 1975
Revises the National Security Act to include the Secretary of the Treasury as a member of the National Security Council.
United States · United States Congress · 17 September 1975
Equity in Health Insurance Act - Prohibits any person who uses the mails or any means of interstate transportation or communication to contract or to advertise services in contracting to provide health insurance from denying or limiting the insurance normally written solely because of the insured's sex or marital status. Requires any such insurance agent to include in any health insurance policy: (1) optional maternity benefits for dependents of the insured; (2) a provision for notice to dependents when they are no longer covered by such policy; and (3) provision of such insurance to part-time employees when made available on a group basis.
United States · United States Congress · 17 September 1975
Declares it to be the finding of Congress that the Government of Canada has announced that it intends to reduce crude oil exports to the United States and to elimnate such exports by 1983. States that areas of this country which are heavily dependent on such crude oil will experience severe economic and supply disruptions as a result of the cutoff. Authorizes the President to issue regulations providing for the mandatory allocation of crude oil imported from Canada to United States refineries on the basis of need.
United States · United States Congress · 17 September 1975
Life Support Centers Act - Authorizes the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to make grants to State health agencies for originating, continuing, extending, or improving programs involved in the provision of: (1) necessary health care to prospective adolescent mothers; (2) necessary health care to infants of adolescent mothers during their preschool years; (3) family planning services; (4) a coordinated program of social services including educational, vocational, legal, social, counseling, and referral services designed for adolescent mothers; and (5) funds to purchase adoption services for adolescent mothers participating in a program established under this Act who are considering the placement of their children in adoptive homes. Limits the Federal share of assistance to such programs to 75 percent of the cost. Sets forth conditions governing approval of grants. Authorizes appropriations of $30,000,000 for fiscal year 1976 and for each of the next two suceeding fiscal years.
United States · United States Congress · 17 September 1975
Expresses the sense of the Senate that the President should, upon his visit to the People's Republic of China, request that the Chinese officials use their offices to obtain an accounting of members of the United States Armed Forces missing in action and confined as prisoners of war in Southeast Asia.
United States · United States Congress · 16 September 1975
Federal Taxpayers' Rights Act - Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to prepare pamphlets which set forth in nontechnical terms: (1) the rights and obligations of a taxpayer and the Service during an audit; (2) the procedures by which a taxpayer may appeal any adverse decision of the Service (including administrative and judicial appeals); (3) the procedures for prosecuting refund claims and filing of taxpayer complaints; and (4) the procedures which the Service may use in enforcing the internal revenue laws (including assessment, jeopardy assessment, levy and distraint, and enforcement of liens). Establishes within the Internal Revenue Service an office to be known as the Office of Taxpayer Services to be under the supervision and direction of an Assistant Commissioner of Internal Revenue who shall assist taxpayers in obtaining easily understandable tax information and answering questions on tax liability, among other functions. States that, upon application filed by a taxpayer with the Office of Taxpayer Services, in such form, manner, and at such time as the Secretary or his delegate shall by regulations prescribe, the Assistant Commissioner for Taxpayer Services may issue a Taxpayer Assistance Order if, in the determination of the Assistant Commissioner, the taxpayer is suffering from an unusual, unnecessary, or irreparable loss as a result of the manner in which the internal revenue laws are being administered by the Secretary or his delegate. Authorizes the President of the Legal Services Corporation to establish Taxpayer Representation Offices in four cities selected by such President for purposes of providing legal assistance to individuals in connection with: (1) any audit by the Service of any return made by or on behalf of the individual with respect to any tax imposed by chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, or (2) an assessment or collection from any such individual of any tax imposed by such chapter. Provides for show cause hearings with respect to jeopardy assessments and termination of taxable years. Increases the monetary value of specified items to be exempt from levy. Provides criminal penalties (a fine of up to $10,000, or imprisonment for up to 2 years or both) for investigations into or surveillance over the beliefs, associations, or activities of any individual or organization which are not directly related to such revenue laws. Provides a civil cause of action for damages or an injunction, or both, for such violations. Prohibits inspection of tax returns pursuant to a criminal investigation unless a search warrant has issued upon probable cause to believe that no alternative source of necessary information is available. Provides rules for civil investigation related to: (1) payment of Social Security and Railroad Retirement taxes; (2) pension administration; (3) census information; (4) enforcement of taxpayers' rights under this Act; (5) inspection by States; (6) inspection by Committees of Congress; and (7) disclosure to persons having substantial interest (agents of partnerships and corporations, and shareholders of corporations). Provides a civil action for damages for unauthorized disclosure of tax information.
United States · United States Congress · 16 September 1975
Changes the excise tax imposed on the investment income of private foundations under the Internal Revenue Code from four percent to two percent.
United States · United States Congress · 16 September 1975
Restores posthumously full rights of citizenship to Eugene Victor Debs retroactive to April 12, 1919.
United States · United States Congress · 10 September 1975
Provides that the Export-Import Bank shall not approve assistance for the export of nuclear materials or technology to any nation not a party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Allows for exception to this provision when the President certifies to Congress that such transfer is required in the interest of national security.
United States · United States Congress · 10 September 1975
Revises the Tariff Act to exempt private aircraft entering or departing from the United States and Canada or the United States and Mexico at night or on Sunday or a holiday from provisions requiring payment to the United States for overtime services of customs officers and employees.
United States · United States Congress · 8 September 1975
Authorizes and requests the President to issue a proclamation designating Sunday, September 14, 1975, as "National Saint Elizabeth Seton Day."
United States · United States Congress · 8 September 1975
Authorizes the President of the United States to designate September 20, 1975, as "German-American Day" to be observed with appropriate ceremonies.
United States · United States Congress · 3 September 1975
Provides for the relief of In-Soo Oh.
United States · United States Congress · 1 August 1975
Requires that the support price of milk be adjusted by the Secretary of Agriculture at the beginning of each quarter to reflect estimated changes during the immediately preceding quarter in the index of prices paid by farmers for production items, interest, taxes and wage rates.
United States · United States Congress · 1 August 1975
Expresses the sense of the Senate that the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare should withdraw its proposed Consolidated Procedural Rules for Administration and Enforcement of the Department's statutory responsibilities. States that if additional positions are required for enforcement of Civil Rights laws such need should be brought to the attention of the Senate. Directs the Office of Civil Rights to continue to make efforts to detect systematic discrimination including those areas relating to discrimination based on sex and handicap.
United States · United States Congress · 31 July 1975
Family Research Act - Authorizes a program of research to help better understand, identify and prevent pressures on families; to be carried out, under the supervision and direction of the Secretary of Agriculture, through State agricultural experiment stations and land-grant colleges of the United States and by other qualified and nonprofit agencies and organizations. Sets up procedures to be followed in making initial research grants. Provides that each land grant college submitting a research project approved by the Secretary shall be entitled to an initial grant of $100,000. Authorizes the appropriation of $7,100,000 for fiscal year 1976 and the three succeeding fiscal years for such grants. Authorizes the Secretary to make supplemental grants to land grant colleges after specified requirements are met. Authorizes the appropriation of $10,000,000 for 1976; $12,000,000 for 1977; $14,000,000 for 1978; and $16,000,000 for fiscal year 1979 for the purpose of making supplemental grants. Requires that in order to be eligible for such grants under this Act the institutions concerned must expend, on the same general type of research for which funds are made available, an amount at least equal to the amount of funds such institution averaged spending on such type of research in the three calendar years before this Act was enacted.
United States · United States Congress · 30 July 1975
Removes the prohibition against labor organizations being certified by the National Labor Relations Board as the representative of employees in a bargaining unit of guards if such organization admits to membership, or is affiliated directly or indirectly with an organization which admits to membership, employees other than guards.
United States · United States Congress · 30 July 1975
Rural Manpower Service Act - Provides for job development, training and placement service programs for eligible residents of each State with rural subdivisions of 10,000 population or less. Establishes within the Department of Labor a Rural Manpower Service to guarantee equitable manpower and employment services to rural people. Sets forth administrative controls to be adhered to by the Secretary of Labor. Requires the Secretary to report to Congress annually on the activities of the Department and its affiliated State employment service agencies in carrying out this Act. Directs the Secretary to estimate the funds necessary for the administration of this Act.
United States · United States Congress · 29 July 1975
Provides for the relief of Martha Franco.
United States · United States Congress · 28 July 1975
Requires the Secretary of Labor to withhold the certification of any State for Federal payments to the State's unemployment compensation program, if such State does not provide for a hearing on the eligibility of a person receiving unemployment compensation payments before discontinuing such payments on the grounds of ineligibility.
United States · United States Congress · 26 July 1975
Urges the President to seek a cooperative international effort to strengthen and improve international safeguards on peaceful nuclear activities to reduce the risk of theft of nuclear materials. Directs the President to seek restraint by suppliers of nuclear equipment in the transfer of nuclear technology.
United States · United States Congress · 24 July 1975
Makes permanent specified amendments to the Internal Revenue Code effected by the Tax Reduction Act of 1975, including: (1) the increase in the low income allowance; (2) the increase in the percentage standard deduction; (3) the $30 credit allowed for each personal exemption; (4) the credit against earned income; (5) the increase from $50,000 to $100,000 on the dollar limitation on used property; (6) the increase in the corporate surtax exemption from $25,000 to $50,000; and (7) the reduction in the normal corporate tax rate from 22 percent to 20 percent on the first $25,000 of net income.
United States · United States Congress · 24 July 1975
Authorizes supplemental expenditures through February 1976 by the Select Committee To Study Governmental Operations With Respect to Intelligence Agencies for an inquiry and investigation relating to the intelligence activities carried out by or on behalf of the Federal Government.
United States · United States Congress · 22 July 1975
Combined Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance - Income Tax Reporting Amendments - Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to make available specified tax returns to the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. Empowers the Secretary of HEW and the Secretary of the Treasury to enter into an agreement for the processing of information contained in such returns. Requires the Secretary of the Treasury to provide to the Secretary of HEW any documents they agree are necessary for such processing. Directs the Managing Trustee of the Trust funds established pursuant to the Social Security Act, including the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund and the Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund, to pay into the Treasury the amounts he and the Secretary of HEW estimate will be expended from the general fund of the Treasury by the Departments of HEW and Treasury for the administration of (1) titles II and XVIII of the Social Security Act, and (2) specified chapters and subchapters of the Internal Revenue Code. Requires the Secretary of HEW to apportion (between each trust fund and the general fund in the Treasury) the costs of administrating titles II, XVI and XVIII of the Social Security Act and its costs in carrying out specified functions of this Act. Revises the formula by which the adjustment to the contribution and benefit base is to be computed following an increase in social security benefits.
United States · United States Congress · 21 July 1975
Indochina Refugee Children Assistance Act - Defines terms used in this Act. Directs the Commissioner of Education to make grants to State and territorial educational agencies for the public education of Vietnamese and Cambodian refugee children. Sets forth a formula for determining the amount of such grants. States that no such grants may be made unless the State submits an application to the Commissioner containing specified information and assurances that such payments will be distributed among local educational agencies within that State in direct proportion to the number of Indochinese refugee children served by each such local educational agency. Authorizes supplementary assistance grants of $300 per child to any State educational agency which provides for the unique educational needs of Indochinese refugee children who are aged five to seventeen, inclusive. Authorizes appropriations for basic entitlement grants of $57,000,000 for fiscal year 1976, $14,500,000 for the period beginning January 1, 1976 and ending September 30, 1976, and $29,000,000 for fiscal year 1977. Authorizes specified appropriations for supplementary assistance grants.
United States · United States Congress · 21 July 1975
Makes permanent specified amendments to the Internal Revenue effected by the Tax Reduction Act of 1975, including: (1) the increase from $50,000 to $100,000 on the dollar limitation on used property; (2) the increase in the corporate surtax exemption from $25,000 to $50,000; and (3) the reduction in the normal corporate tax rate from 22 percent to 20 percent on the first $25,000 of net income.
United States · United States Congress · 17 July 1975
Expresses the disapproval of the United States Senate of attempts to expel Israel for the United Nations. States that if Israel is expelled the Senate will review United States commitments to the Third World nations involved in the expulsion and will consider the implication of continued membership in the United Nations.
United States · United States Congress · 16 July 1975
Provides for the relief of Chu Wol Kim.
United States · United States Congress · 16 July 1975
Permits regional agencies authorized by State law to undertake planning for areawide waste treatment management to receive Federal planning grants under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
United States · United States Congress · 14 July 1975
Directs that during fiscal year 1976 not less than 70 percent of the value of government-to-government commodity grants and of funds expended under title I of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 shall be allotted to countries designated by the United Nations as "Most Seriously Affected". Establishes priorities for such distribution. Establishes procedures whereby the President may, subject to congressional approval, provide commodity assistance in excess of the limitations specified in this resolution if such assistance is for humanitarian purposes.
United States · United States Congress · 11 July 1975
Directs the Secretary of the Interior to designate the Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Recreation Area, and, within such Area, the Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge. Specifies the boundaries of such Area and Refuge. Authorizes to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act.
United States · United States Congress · 11 July 1975
Expresses the objection of the Congress to the proposed sale of Improved Hawk missiles and Redeye missiles to Jordan.
United States · United States Congress · 11 July 1975
Extends an invitation to Alexandr Solzhenitsyn to address a joint meeting of the Senate and House of Representatives.
United States · United States Congress · 10 July 1975
Land and Water Resource Conservation Act - Declares it to be the policy of the United States to achieve and maintain: (1) quality and quantity in the national resource base of land and water for sustained use; (2) quality in the environment; and (3) quality in the standard of living based on community improvement and adequate income. Provides for an appraisal of the land and water resources of the Nation. Directs the Secretary of Agriculture to develop a program for furthering the protection and enhancement of land and water resources on private and non-Federal lands. Requires the Secretary to formulate a resource appraisal by December 31, 1976, and in each five-year interval thereafter. Directs the development, through the Soil Conservation Service, of a National Land and Water Conservation Program. Stipulates that the program shall set forth the direction of future soil and water conservation efforts based on the current resource appraisal as formulated under the provisions of this Act. Requires a report to be transmitted to the Congress on the first day Congress convenes in 1977, and each five-year interval thereafter. Defines the terms used in this Act. Authorizes the appropriation of such funds as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act.
United States · United States Congress · 10 July 1975
Unemployment Compensation Amendments Act - Extends unemployment compensation coverage, under the Internal Revenue Code, to agricultural workers and domestic workers, in accordance with earnings levels as set forth in this Act. Extends such coverage to employees of State and local governments. Establishes Federal standards for eligibility for unemployment insurance benefits. Provides for the payment of benefits for 26 weeks based on an employment period of 20 weeks; for 39 weeks based on an employment period of 30 weeks; and for 52 weeks based on a 40 week employment period. States that the waiting period shall be not more than one week. Provides for retroactive payment to cover such period in the case of an individual who receives compensation for at least three weeks during a benefit year. Establishes Federal standards for amounts of unemployment insurance compensation. Declares that the State maximum weekly benefit amount must be no less than 100 percent of the statewide average weekly wage. Provides for partial payment of unemployment compensation to individuals employed on a part-time basis. Provides, under the Social Security Act, for Federal funding of a portion of the increased costs to States for the additional 26 weeks of unemployment insurance coverage provided by this Act. Increases the amount of wages subject to the Federal unemployment tax. Sets such taxable amount at $6,000 plus $2,000 annual increases for calendar years beginning after 1977, but with a ceiling of the contribution and benefit base as determined under the Social Security Act.
United States · United States Congress · 10 July 1975
Prohibits the utilization of funds appropriated for the use of the Department of Defense for purposes of conducting any research, testing, or evaluation in which dogs are used if such research, testing, or evaluation is conducted for the purpose of developing or improving any radioactive, chemical, or biological warfare agent. Restricts Department of Defense appropriated funds use in the area of dog procurement. Directs the Department of Defense to develop new research methods for its research projects, where feasible, to complement or eliminate current methods involving the direct or indirect use of animals.
United States · United States Congress · 26 June 1975
Prescribes the conditions pursuant to which States may continue eligibility for payments under title XVI (Supplemental Security Income Benefits) of the Social Security Act. States that the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare shall not discontinue payments to a State not meeting one of such conditions if the level of benefits provided by such State is not significantly lower than the level which would obtain if the requirements were fully met.
United States · United States Congress · 26 June 1975
Authorizes the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to establish an outreach program under title XVI (Grants to the States for Aged, Blind, and Disabled) of the Social Security Act to assure that potentially eligible recipients of supplemental security income benefits will be fully informed of the availability of such benefits and the steps to be taken in obtaining them. Authorizes necessary appropriations to carry out the provisions of this Act.
United States · United States Congress · 26 June 1975
National Workers' Compensation Act - Declares the findings of Congress that existing State workers' compensation laws are inadequate and that basic, national minimum requirements for State workers' compensation laws must be mandated and enforced by Congress for the protection of workers who are injured, or killed, or who contract diseases in the course of their employment. States that it is the purpose of this Act: (1) to establish minimum workers' compensation laws; (2) to establish procedures for their enforcement; and (3) to assist the States in improving existing workers' compensation systems in order to provide a uniform system of compensation, and to restore disabled workers to the fullest possible physical, mental, and economic usefulness through medical and vocational rehabilitation services. Defines the terms used in this Act. States that this Act applies to all employers and all employees. Enumerates the States in which an injured employee or the survivors of a deceased employee may claim benefits when injury or death occurred during the work-related travel of the employee. Enumerates workers' compensation benefits for any employee who becomes disabled or the survivor of any employee who dies due to any injury arising out of and in the course of employment. Sets forth the time limits for filing claims under this Act. Authorizes and directs the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to undertake a study of diseases related to employment, and recommend standards for determining: (1) whether such disease arose out of employment; and (2) whether death or disease was due to such employment. Sets forth administrative requirements for State workers' compensation agencies. Includes requirements: (1) that a single State agency be designated for administering workers' compensation law throughout the State; (2) that such agency maintain a rehabilitation services unit; and (3) that the hiring of qualified handicapped workers be encouraged. Provides for adjudication of disputed compensation cases in Federal district courts when the amount in controversy exceeds $10,000. Authorizes the Secretary of Labor to enforce the provisions of this Act through action in the Federal district courts. Authorizes the Secretary to make grants to States to assist them in carrying out the provisions of this Act. Authorizes to be appropriated through fiscal year 1978 such sums as may be necessary to carry out the program of grants. Directs the Secretary of Labor, in consultation with the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, to develop and maintain a program of collection and analyses of workers' compensation statistics. Grants access to books, documents, papers and records of any grantee under this Act to the Secretary of Labor and the Comptroller General. Directs the Secretary to submit an annual report to the Congress on the subject matter of this Act. Establishes the National Workers' Compensation Advisory Commission. Defines the composition of the group. Directs the Commission to monitor the progress of the States in implementing the provisions of the Act and to advise the Secretary of compliance or noncompliance by the States, and to make recommendations for improving workers' compensation programs including recommendations for determining the compensation payable for permanent partial disability. Authorizes to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this Act.
United States · United States Congress · 26 June 1975
Wage Supplements for Handicapped Individuals Act - Provides that in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the payment of wage supplements to handicapped individuals and severely handicapped individuals who are employed on a long-term basis in rehabilitation facilities which are sheltered workshops or work activity centers, there are authorized to be appropriated $2,200,000 for fiscal year 1976, $4,800,000 for fiscal year 1977, and $9,600,000 for fiscal year 1978. Directs the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to provide for demonstration projects under which wage supplements are paid to handicapped or severely handicapped individuals. Sets forth the conditions and eligibility requirements of such wage supplement payments. States that not later than April 1, 1978, the Secretary is authorized to prepare and submit to the Congress a report on programs authorized by this Act together with such recommendations for additional legislation as he determines desirable.