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751 records in US in 1991
United States · United States Congress · 5 March 1991
Deems a named decedent to have made an election to provide an annuity to his former spouse in accordance with their separation agreement, for purposes of determining the spouse's eligibility for an annuity under the military Survivor Benefit Plan. Provides for a lump sum payment of such amount.
United States · United States Congress · 5 March 1991
Entitles executive agency civilian employees ordered to active duty as a member of a reserve component of the armed forces during the Persian Gulf Conflict to special pay equal to the amount by which their final civilian pay exceeds their military pay.
United States · United States Congress · 5 March 1991
Entitles executive agency civilian employees ordered to active military duty as a reserve of the armed forces or member of the National Guard during the Persian Gulf Crisis to Federal benefits protection and to salary offsets if their military pay was less than their civilian pay.
United States · United States Congress · 5 March 1991
Grants post differentials to Federal employees officially stationed in the United States who serve on detail in the Arabian Peninsula Combat Zone in support of members of the armed forces during a specified period irrespective of the number of days that such employee serves on that detail.
United States · United States Congress · 5 March 1991
Industrial Defense Act of 1991 - Prohibits the Secretary of Defense, in the procurement of goods or services or in the negotiation of any memoranda of understanding with foreign countries, from waiving any Buy American Act requirements unless the waiver is specifically authorized by statute and: (1) the Secretary has attempted to procure American goods or services; (2) the requirements are waived on a case-by-case basis; and (3) the Secretary has found that the waiver is justified and will not weaken the defense industrial base of the United States or otherwise endanger national security.
United States · United States Congress · 5 March 1991
Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1991 - Makes supplemental appropriations for incremental costs of the Department of Defense (DOD) and the Department of Transportation (DOT) associated with operations in and around the Persian Gulf area known as Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Appropriates such funds to the Persian Gulf Regional Defense Fund, which is established in the Treasury. Appropriates additional funds by transfer from current and future balances in the Defense Cooperation Account. Makes such funds available only for transfers to the following accounts in DOD: (1) military personnel; (2) operation and maintenance; (3) procurement; (4) research, development, test, and evaluation; (5) revolving and management funds; (6) combat costs of Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm; (7) military construction, Army; and (8) Coast Guard operating expenses. Directs the Secretary of Defense, in administering the Fund, to use the corpus of the Fund only to the extent that amounts from the Defense Cooperation Account are not currently available. Requires the Secretary to transfer certain amounts from the Account to the Fund in order to maintain a minimum corpus balance. States that the authority to transfer funds from the Fund is in addition to any other transfer authority contained in this or any other Act making appropriations to DOD for FY 1991. Terminates the Fund after payment of all incremental costs for which the Fund is established. Authorizes the Secretary during FY 1991 to transfer a specified amount among the FY 1991 military personnel appropriation accounts to reflect changes in expenses due to the order to active duty of members of the National Guard and reserves in support of operations in the Persian Gulf. Requires the Congress to be notified of such reprogramming of funds. Requires sums allocated in this Act for fuel price increases to be allocated only to the fuel consumed in direct support of Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Authorizes providers of medical services under the Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS) to voluntarily waive any required copayment for medical services provided after August 2, 1990, until the termination of Operation Desert Storm. Requires the Mitchel Field Health Care Facility in New York to be funded only from the operation and maintenance, Navy, appropriation.
United States · United States Congress · 5 March 1991
Dire Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Consequences of Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm, Food Stamps, Unemployment Compensation Administration, Veterans Compensation and Pensions, and Other Urgent Needs Act of 1991 - Title I: Emergency Supplemental Appropriations - Designates all funds provided under this title as emergency requirements for purposes of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act). Makes emergency amounts available for FY 1991 for additional costs resulting from Operation Desert Shield/Operation Desert Storm for: (1) the Department of Commerce; (2) the Department of Justice; (3) the Department of State; (4) the United States Information Agency; (5) the Department of Defense-Military; (6) the District of Columbia; (7) the Agency for International Development; (8) the Economic Support Fund; (9) the Capitol Police Board; (10) the Panama Canal Commission; (11) the Department of the Treasury; and (12) the Department of Veterans Affairs. Title II: Supplemental Appropriations - Makes supplemental appropriations for: (1) the Department of Commerce; (2) the Department of Justice; (3) the Department of State; (4) the Judiciary; (5) the Board for International Broadcasting; (6) the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; (7) the Federal Communications Commission; (8) the Federal Trade Commission; (9) the Legal Services Corporation; (10) the Securities and Exchange Commission; (11) the Small Business Administration; (12) the Department of Defense-Military; (13) the Federal payment to the District of Columbia; (14) the Civil Corps of Engineers of the Department of Defense; (15) the Department of the Interior; (16) the Department of Energy; (17) the Delaware River Basin Commission; (18) the Susquehanna River Basin Commission; (19) the Employment and Training Administration of the Department of Labor; (20) the Department of Health and Human Services, including the Social Security Administration; (21) the Department of Agriculture, including the Food Stamp Program; (22) the Department of Transportation; (23) the Department of Veterans Affairs; and (24) the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Amends Federal law to allow the Attorney General to use unobligated balances remaining in the Asset Forfeiture Fund to fund: (1) a program for State and local public agencies for correctional options that provide alternatives to traditional modes of incarceration and offender release programs; and (2) enhanced training and the procurement of vehicles and equipment by the Drug Enforcement Administration and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Prohibits the use of funds by the Department of Justice to pay fact-witness fees. Allows incentive special pay for certain flag officer medical personnel. Directs the Navy to begin obligating funds for the F-14 remanufactured program not later than 30 days after enactment of this Act. Directs the Department to obligate previously appropriated funds for the V-22 Osprey aircraft. Directs the Secretary of Defense to transfer funds among various prior year AOE combat support ship programs. Advances the availability of funds for grants to tribally controlled postsecondary vocational institutions. Makes a payment to the widow of Silvio O. Conte, late a Representative from Massachusetts. Authorizes the Architect of the Capitol to lease temporary storage and warehouse space for the Library of Congress. Extends the availability of certain unliquidated obligations for the books for the blind and physically handicapped account of the Library of Congress. Declares that the Congress disapproves the deferrals relating to the Department of Defense moratorium/prohibition on contracts for military construction and family housing. Prohibits the General Services Administration from obligating or expending any funds for the award of contracts for the construction of the Northern Virginia Naval Systems Command Headquarters without the advance approval in writing of the House Committee on Appropriations. Rescinds certain funds made available for annual contributions for assisted housing. Amends the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act to increase the number of persons who can reside in a facility developed under the supportive housing for persons with disabilities program. Exempts housing funds for urban development action grants from the requirement to cancel obligated and unobligated balances of appropriations five years after the end of fund availability. Title III: General Provisions - Amends the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991 to change from mandatory to discretionary the Secretary of Transportation's authority to revise the distribution of certain Federal-aid highway obligational authority. Allows Coast Guard funding to initiate a multiyear contract for the Medium Range Recovery Helicopter (HH-60J) program. Prohibits the Department of Labor from implementing or administering certain regulations concerning: (1) a specified category of workers; and (2) apprenticeship programs in the construction industry.
United States · United States Congress · 5 March 1991
Provides that former air traffic controllers shall not, as a class, be considered unsuitable or ineligible for: (1) positions as air traffic controllers in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) or the Department of Defense; or (2) positions in the FAA other than air traffic controller positions. Requires the Secretary of Transportation and the Director of the Office of Personnel Management to take action to ensure that in each of FY 1992 and 1993, at least 500 former controllers are appointed to permanent, full-time positions as air traffic controllers in the FAA. Provides for a waiver of the maximum-age limitation applicable to such appointments. Prescribes procedural guidelines for competitive and non-competitive appointments of such controllers. Precludes an applicant's role in the 1981 strike from being considered when making a determination of suitability for an air traffic controller position. Requires the Secretary of Transportation and the Secretary of Defense to prescribe regulations under which the appointment of a former controller to an air traffic controller position within their respective departments shall not become final unless a probationary period has been successfully completed. Sets forth guidelines for the computation of creditability of service for retirement purposes. Expresses the sense of the Congress that such reinstatements should not: (1) cause the separation or reduction in grade of any other air traffic controller; or (2) interfere with training opportunities which would otherwise be afforded to air traffic controllers seeking to become fully qualified.
United States · United States Congress · 5 March 1991
Endorses a National Victory Parade in Washington, D.C., and regional victory parades throughout the United States to honor servicemen and women who participated in Operation Desert Storm. Encourages Federal, State, and local governments and private industry to get involved in supporting such parades.
United States · United States Congress · 5 March 1991
Designates May 27, 1991, Memorial Day, as a national day of celebration recognizing the extraordinary bravery of members of the U.S. Armed Forces serving in the Persian Gulf region in connection with Operation Desert Shield/Storm.
United States · United States Congress · 5 March 1991
Urges the President to work with all signatories of the Geneva Convention and the United Nations to establish a special international military tribunal to prosecute Saddam Hussein and members of the Iraqi Government and military for: (1) war crimes against Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Israel; and (2) human rights violations against the people of such countries and against other foreign nationals.
United States · United States Congress · 5 March 1991
Supports and endorses Operation Homefront as a national grassroots effort to support our servicemen and women who participated in Operation Desert Storm and their families. Encourages Federal, State, and local governments and private business and industry to organize Operation Homefront task forces to support the families of such deployed troops and to plan and organize welcome home celebrations for the troops.
United States · United States Congress · 5 March 1991
Commends employers who continue to compensate their employees who are members of reserve components of the U.S. armed forces on active duty in connection with the Persian Gulf conflict.
United States · United States Congress · 5 March 1991
Commends women serving in the armed forces, with special recognition of those women serving in the Persian Gulf region.
United States · United States Congress · 4 March 1991
Establishes the grade of General of the Army, appointments to which shall be made by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Defines the rank and compensation of such grade. Authorizes the President to appoint Generals Colin L. Powell and H. Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr., to that grade.
United States · United States Congress · 4 March 1991
Designates September 13, 1991, as Commodore John Barry Day.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 1991
Authorizes the President to present a gold medal to General H. Norman Schwarzkopf in recognition of his exemplary performance in coordinating the planning, strategy, and execution of U.S. combat action and his invaluable contributions to the United States and to the liberation of Kuwait. Authorizes appropriations.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 1991
Amends rule XXV of the Standing Rules of the Senate to revise current committee structure by designating the following standing committees of the Senate: (1) National Priorities; (2) Agricultural Policy; (3) Defense Policy; (4) Commercial Policy; (5) Economic Policy; (6) Energy Policy; (7) Environmental Policy; (8) Foreign Policy; (9) Governmental Policy; (10) Judicial Policy; (11) Social Policy; (12) Native American Programs; (13) Senior American Programs; (14) Veteran American Programs; and (15) Entrepreneurial American Programs. Maintains the committees on Rules, Ethics, and Intelligence. Sets forth procedures for making committee assignments. Provides that each standing committee shall be responsible for appropriations legislation.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 1991
Expresses the sense of the Senate that the President should conclude an agreement with the U.S. allies in Operation Desert Storm for the establishment of an international tribunal with jurisdiction to judge the political and military leaders of Iraq, especially Saddam Hussein, as war criminals for their repeated violations of the third and fourth Geneva Conventions and the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 1991
Applauds and expresses the appreciation of the Nation to President George Bush, Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney, Armed Forces Chief of Staff Colin Powell, Desert Storm Commander Norman Schwarzkopf, the American forces deployed in the Persian Gulf region, the forces from our coalition partners, and the families of American service men and women participating in Operation Desert Storm. Sends condolences to the families of those killed during such operation. Demands from Saddam Hussein: (1) the immediate release of all prisoners of war held by Iraq; (2) a complete accounting for all American and coalition forces listed as missing in action or otherwise unaccounted for; and (3) the immediate and unconditional release and return of all Kuwaiti citizens held by Iraqi forces. Urges all relevant authorities to seriously examine the issue of possible war crimes by Hussein and other Iraqi military leaders and forces and to hold Iraq responsible in principle for reparations for the destruction caused by the invasion and occupation of Kuwait.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 1991
Confers jurisdiction upon the United States Claims Court to hear and render judgment on land claims by the Pueblo of Isleta Indian Tribe of New Mexico against the United States. Authorizes such Court to award: (1) interest accrued from the date such lands were acquired by the United States; and (2) cost of suit and reasonable attorney's fees to any prevailing party, other than the United States. Specifies that any award made to other Indian tribes with respect to lands subject to such claims shall not be considered a defense, estoppel, or set-off to such claim or otherwise affect relief with respect to such claim.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 1991
Military Construction Authorization Act, 1992 and 1993 - Subdivision 1: Fiscal Year 1992 - Title I: Army - Authorizes the Secretary of the Army to acquire real property and carry out military construction projects at specified installations and locations. Authorizes the Secretary to construct or acquire military family housing units, to carry out architectural and engineering services and construction design, and to improve existing military family housing units in specified amounts at specified installations. Authorizes appropriations to the Army for fiscal years beginning after 1991 for military construction projects, unspecified minor construction projects, architectural and engineering design services, the construction of defense access roads, military family housing functions within the Department, and for the homeowners assistance program. Limits the total cost of construction projects authorized by this title. Amends the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 to increase the authorization for a military construction project at Fort Riley, Kansas. Extends certain prior-year military construction projects. Title II: Navy - Authorizes the Secretary of the Navy to acquire real property and carry out military construction projects at specified installations and locations. Authorizes the Secretary to construct or acquire military family housing units, to carry out architectural and engineering services and construction design, and to improve existing military family housing units in specified amounts at specified installations. Authorizes appropriations to the Navy for fiscal years beginning after 1991 for military construction, land acquisition, and military family housing functions of the Department. Limits the total cost of construction projects authorized by this title. Title III: Air Force - Authorizes the Secretary of the Air Force to acquire real property and carry out military construction projects at specified installations and locations. Authorizes the Secretary to construct or acquire military family housing units, to carry out architectural and engineering services and construction design, and to improve existing military family housing units in specified amounts at specified installations. Authorizes appropriations to the Air Force for fiscal years beginning after 1991 for military construction, land acquisition, and military family housing functions of the Department. Limits the total cost of construction projects authorized by this title. Extends certain prior-year military construction projects. Title IV: Defense Agencies - Authorizes the Secretary of Defense to carry out military construction projects and acquire real property in specified amounts at specified installations and locations. Authorizes the Secretary to construct or acquire military family housing units and to improve existing military family housing units in specified amounts at specified installations. Authorizes the Secretary of Defense to make contributions for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Infrastructure program, and authorizes appropriations to the Secretary for fiscal years after 1991 for such contributions. Authorizes appropriations to the Department of Defense (DOD) for fiscal years beginning after FY 1991 for military construction, land acquisition, and military family housing functions of the Department. Limits the total cost of construction projects authorized by this title. Authorizes the Secretary of Defense to enter into contracts for the design and construction of military construction projects at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, and Fort Belvoir, Virginia. Authorizes the Secretary to transfer excess NATO Infrastructure programs, and authorizes appropriations to the Secretary for fiscal years after 1991 for such contributions. Title V: Guard and Reserve Forces Facilities - Authorizes appropriations for fiscal years after 1991 for acquisition, architectural and engineering services, and construction of facilities for the Guard and Reserve forces in specified amounts. Title VI: Expiration of Authorizations - Terminates all authorizations contained in titles I through IV of this Subdivision on October 1, 1993, or the date of enactment of the Military Construction Authorization Act for FY 1994, whichever is later, with specified exceptions. Subdivision 2: Fiscal Year 1993 - Title I (SIC): Army - Authorizes the Secretary of the Army to acquire real property and carry out military construction projects at specified installations and locations. Authorizes the Secretary to carry out architectural and engineering services and construction design, and to improve existing military family housing units in specified amounts at specified installations. Authorizes appropriations to the Army for fiscal years beginning after 1992 for military construction projects, repair of real property, unspecified minor construction projects, architectural and engineering design services, and military family housing functions. Limits the total cost of construction projects authorized by this title. Title II: Navy - Authorizes the Secretary of the Navy to acquire real property and carry out military construction projects at specified installations and locations. Authorizes the Secretary to carry out architectural and engineering services and construction design, and to improve existing military family housing units in specified amounts at specified installations. Authorizes appropriations to the Navy for fiscal years beginning after 1992 for military construction projects, unspecified minor construction projects, repair of real property, architectural and engineering design services, and military housing functions. Limits the total cost of construction projects authorized by this title. Title III: Air Force - Authorizes the Secretary of the Air Force to acquire real property and carry out military construction projects at specified installations and locations. Authorizes the Secretary to construct or acquire military family housing units, to carry out architectural and engineering services and construction design, and to improve existing military family housing units in specified amounts at specified installations. Authorizes appropriations to the Air Force for fiscal years beginning after 1992 for military construction projects, unspecified minor military construction projects, repair of real property, architectural and engineering design services, and military family housing functions. Limits the total cost of construction projects authorized by this title. Title IV: Defense Agencies - Authorizes the Secretary of Defense to acquire real property and carry out military construction projects at specified installations and locations. Authorizes the Secretary to make contributions for the NATO Infrastructure program, and authorizes appropriations to the Secretary for fiscal years after 1992 for such contributions. Authorizes appropriations to the Department of Defense (DOD) for fiscal years beginning after 1992 for military construction, repair of real property, land acquisition, and military family housing functions. Limits the total cost of construction projects authorized by this title. Authorizes the Secretary to transfer excess NATO Infrastructure funds (if any) to fund authorized defense agency projects, or to transfer unobligated defense agency funds to the NATO Infrastructure program. Title V: Guard and Reserve Forces Facilities - Authorizes appropriations for fiscal years after 1992 for acquisition, architectural and engineering services, repair of real property, and construction of facilities for the Guard and Reserve forces. Title VI: Expiration of Authorizations - Terminates all authorizations contained in titles I through IV of this subdivision on October 1, 1994, or on the date of enactment of the Military Construction Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1995, whichever is later, with specified exceptions. Subdivision 3 - Title VII: General Provisions - Authorizes the Secretary of Defense to contribute amounts to States for the acquisition or construction of facilities for use by the reserve forces. Authorizes the Secretary to carry out certain facilities projects that cost $300,000 or less (currently, $200,000) using operation and maintenance funds. Extends through FY 1993 (currently 1991) the authority of the Secretary concerned to enter into: (1) long-term facilities contracts; and (2) contracts for the leasing of military family housing facilities. Authorizes the heads of defense agencies (currently, only the Secretaries of the military departments) to use one-step turn-key selection procedures to enter into contracts for the construction of authorized military construction projects. Repeals provisions which: (1) prohibit the Secretary of Defense from entering into any more than three such contracts during a fiscal year; and (2) terminate the authority to enter into such contracts after October 1, 1991. Provides that certain defense contract limitations shall not apply to the acquisitions of military or family housing projects obtained through governments of NATO subsidiary bodies for elements of the armed forces deployed in Europe and adjacent waters. Increases the amounts authorized to be expended for minor military construction projects not otherwise authorized by law. Excludes up to 300 square feet from the applicable maximum net floor space allowances permitted for certain military pay grades for military housing for the provision of recreation space within existing space at locations in Alaska. Extends permanently (currently terminates as of FY 1991) the authority to expend funds under the homeowners assistance program. Extends benefits under such program to military personnel with dependents (currently, must be unaccompanied by dependents) and to personnel who are transferred due to a base closure within three years of such closure (currently, within 15 months). Authorizes the Secretary of the military department concerned to carry out a military construction project not otherwise authorized by law if the Secretary determines that the project: (1) is vital to the protection of the quality of the environment, health, or safety; and (2) is so urgent that deferral of such project until the next Military Construction Authorization Act would be inconsistent with the protection of health, safety, and environmental quality. Requires the Secretary concerned to report to the appropriate congressional committees when a decision is made to carry out a construction project under this section. Limits the maximum amount to be obligated by a Secretary in any fiscal year on such projects. Directs the Secretary of Energy to convey to the Secretary of Defense jurisdiction and control of a tract of land in Bernalillo County, New Mexico. Empowers the Secretary of a military department to lease a property (currently, only acquisitions or options to acquire are permitted) for a military project. Amends the Military Construction Authorization Act, 1984 to authorize the Secretary of a military department to enter into agreements for up to 2,000 family housing units under the Military Housing Rental Guarantee program, such units being in addition to the acquisition of any units currently permitted under the program. Extends the authority to enter into such agreements through FY 1993 (currently 1991). Repeals a Federal provision requiring the Secretary of a military department to provide a member of the armed forces with notice and an opportunity for hearing and record inspection before being permitted to withhold amounts from such member's pay for a breach of a rental housing lease or for damages caused to such housing by such member.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 1991
Desert Storm Reservist Family Fairness Act of 1991 - Entitles reserve personnel on active duty during the Persian Gulf conflict for more than 30 days to special pay in the amount of the difference between the pay received as a civilian and the military pay received while on such active duty. Prohibits such special pay and military pay from exceeding $4,167 per month, or from exceeding the monthly rate of GS-14 if such reserve member is a Federal employee before being called to such active duty. Provides that if a career Senior Executive Service appointee performs any military service for which such special pay is applicable, that period of military service shall be disregarded in determining: (1) the due date for meeting recertification requirements; (2) the period for meeting recertification after being conditionally certified; and (3) the period permitted for filing appeals of certification questions with the Merit Systems Protection Board. Authorizes the Office of Personnel Management to prescribe regulations to provide that all rights and benefits of career appointees serving in such qualifying military service are not interrupted or diminished as a result of serving in such capacity. Outlines other rights and benefits to which such regulations shall apply.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 1991
Prohibits Federal funds from being made available to any agency, institution, organization, or entity that denies the Secretary of Defense, for military recruitment purposes: (1) entry to campuses or access to students on campuses; or (2) access to directory information pertaining to students.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 1991
Amends the Federal veterans' and armed forces educational assistance programs to provide that, in the case of an active-duty or reserve member student who fails to complete a course of study under such programs due to being called to active duty or being given increased work in connection with the Persian Gulf War, both the amount of educational assistance received and the time spent pursuing that course will not be counted against such student for purposes of his or her general entitlement to educational benefits under the appropriate educational assistance program. Restores the full amount available to such student veteran as if the interrupted course had not been taken. States that such exclusion shall also apply to members of the Selected Reserve pursuing courses of study (and similarly interrupted) under the armed forces' educational assistance program. Amends Federal armed forces provisions to provide that, in the case of a member of the reserves called to active duty in connection with the Persian Gulf War: (1) the period of such active duty may not be considered in determining the expiration date for eligibility for educational assistance benefits provided under the Montgomery GI Bill; and (2) the member may not be considered to have been separated from the reserves for purposes of commencement of the delimiting period for the use of such educational benefits. Makes military personnel called to active duty in the Persian Gulf eligible for the deferment of student loan payments under the Higher Education Act of 1965 during the continuance of such duty. States that such deferment period shall not be counted against the grace period that is available to all individuals with respect to such loans made under such Act.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 1991
Innocent Landowner Defense Amendment of 1991 - Amends the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act to create a rebuttable presumption that a defendant who has acquired real property has made all appropriate inquiry into previous ownership and uses of the property if he establishes that, immediately prior to or at the time of acquisition, he obtained a Phase I Environmental Audit (i.e., an investigation of the property, conducted by environmental professionals, to determine the obviousness of the presence or likely presence of a release or threatened release of hazardous substances including a review of specified records of the previous ownership and use of such property). Specifies that no such presumption shall arise: (1) unless the defendant has maintained a compilation of the information reviewed in the course of the Audit; and (2) if the Audit discloses the presence or likely presence of a release or threatened release of hazardous substances on the property to be acquired, unless the defendant has taken reasonable steps to confirm the absence of such release or threatened release.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 1991
Requires the President to award the Legion of Merit to any member of the armed forces who has received three or more Purple Hearts. Directs the President, within two years of enactment of this Act, to award the Legion of Merit to any person who, between September 8, 1939, and the date of enactment of this Act, has received three or more Purple Hearts. Provides that if any such person dies before the award of the Legion of Merit, such award may be presented to the representative of such person, as designated by the President.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 1991
Incarcerated Veterans Rehabilitation and Readjustment Act of 1991 - Title I: Incarcerated Veteran Assessment and Assistance - Directs the Attorney General to identify those individuals who may be veterans among those: (1) entering Federal prisons; and (2) who are incarcerated in such prisons and who are to remain incarcerated for more than 30 days. Requires the Attorney General to transmit to the Secretary of Veterans Affairs the names and locations of such prisoners. Directs the Secretary to inform such prisoners of their ability to have their veteran status determined and to inform those prisoners of their rights to veterans' benefits and services as affected by their incarceration. Outlines other information to be provided. Requires the Secretary to suspend all debt collection activities being undertaken against any such prisoner for the entire period of incarceration and six months thereafter. Requires such debt collection suspension for Federal, State, or local inmates. Title II: Incarcerated Veteran Rehabilitation Counseling - Directs the Secretary to: (1) provide readjustment counseling services to those incarcerated veterans suffering from mental and psychological disorders stemming from their military service; (2) safeguard such veterans' possibility of being adjudicated as having service-connected disabilities to the same extent as non-incarcerated veterans; (3) designate an employee from a regional office of the Department of Veterans Affairs to act as a liaison between each Federal prison and the Department for such veterans; (4) review physical examinations of such veterans to determine whether they are eligible for benefits under the Veterans' Dioxin and Radiation Exposure Compensation Standards Act; and (5) ensure that the designated Department liaison provides liaison services between families of incarcerated veterans and Federal prisons. Directs the Attorney General to: (1) conduct physical examinations, with the incarcerated veterans' consent, for the purpose of aiding in the determination of eligibility for exposure benefits under such Act; (2) transmit such examination results to the Secretary; (3) inform the Secretary of an incarcerated veteran's impending release; and (4) encourage the organization of self-help groups and other similar programs that may contribute to the rehabilitation of incarcerated veterans. Title III: Readjustment Counseling Education - Directs the Secretary to develop a training curriculum, to be available to individuals, organizations, agencies, and health facilities, for assisting relevant professionals employed by the Bureau of Prisons in acquiring the expertise necessary to diagnose and treat psychiatric disabilities peculiar to veterans. Title IV: Post-Incarceration Readjustment Services - Requires the Secretary, upon receiving the names of those veterans about to be released from incarceration, to inform them of readjustment benefits and services available to them. Requires the Assistant Secretary of Veterans Affairs to designate a disabled veterans' outreach program specialist in each State where a Federal prison is located to serve as liaison with such prison. Directs the Chairman of the United States Parole Commission to: (1) integrate the services available from the readjustment counseling program of the Department into the Federal parole program for released veterans; and (2) encourage Federal parole officers to encourage paroled veterans to make use of vet centers and maintain contact with vet center personnel. Title V: State and Local Outreach Assistance - Directs the Secretary and Assistant Secretary, within six months after enactment of this Act, to implement a program to extend the benefits of this Act to State and local penal institutions with respect to veterans incarcerated in such institutions. Title VI: Miscellaneous - Directs the Attorney General, the Secretary, the Assistant Secretary, and the Chairman of the U.S. Parole Commission to: (1) report annually to the Congress on their activities in implementing this Act; and (2) sign a memorandum of understanding detailing how the organizations and operations controlled by each shall interact to implement this Act.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 1991
Dire Emergency Persian Gulf Desert Shield/Storm Supplemental Authorization Act, 1991 - Title I: Authorization of Appropriations - Authorizes supplemental appropriations for FY 1991 for incremental costs of operations in and around the Persian Gulf in connection with Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Title II: General Provisions - Amends the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 to authorize the Secretary of Defense to increase the total end strengths authorized for active-duty and reserve personnel if necessary to meet additional operational requirements necessitated by Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Authorizes such increases in addition to increases previously authorized. Allows the President, in time of war or national emergency, to suspend the operation of current enlisted personnel end strength limitations. Limits the authorized length of such suspension.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 1991
Allows a technician employed in a position in which National Guard membership is required as a condition of employment who is separated from the National Guard, to continue to be employed as a technician under the following circumstances: (1) such technician has no less than 20 years of credible service for military retirement purposes; (2) such technician is involuntarily separated from the National Guard; and (3) the circumstances of the involuntary separation are other than for cause. Allows such technician to convert to competitive career status in the civil service.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 1991
Desert Storm Prompt Payment Act of 1991 - Directs the President, on April 15, 1991, to determine whether each foreign country that pledged financial assistance to the United States to assist in defraying the costs of Operation Desert Storm or Operation Desert Shield has fulfilled its pledge. Requires the President to impose additional duties on the products of countries that have failed to fulfill their pledges. Requires such duties to be deposited into the Defense Cooperation Account.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 1991
Title I: International Affairs - Amends the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1991 to reduce the amount appropriated for the foreign military financing program under the Arms Export Control Act. Rescinds the sequestration order issued by the President on November 9, 1990. Title II: Military Construction - Amends the Military Construction Appropriations Act, 1991 to repeal: (1) provisions regarding payment of claims by a United States national against Iraq; and (2) the Antiterrorism Act of 1990. Title III: General Services Administration - Amends the Treasury, Postal Service and General Government Appropriations Act, 1991 to make appropriations for a General Services Administration Southeast Federal Center, Headquarters in the District of Columbia. Reduces the amount appropriated for the Northern Virginia Naval Systems Commands, Virginia, and restricts the use of such funds. Title IV: Department of Transportation - Amends the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991, to repeal provisions which required a reduction in Federal funds for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs if a State with an urbanized area does not have a tax-based source of revenues to pay for mass transportation by October 1, 1990. Directs the Secretary of Transportation to restore any reduced funds.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 1991
Requires the Secretary of the Navy: (1) to review the cases of 50 Black sailors who were court-martialed for failing to resume naval loading activities at the Port Chicago, California, naval facility after an unexplained explosion there on July 17, 1944, to determine the extent to which racial prejudice affected the trial; (2) if he determines that such convictions were in error, to take appropriate corrective action; and (3) to recommend to the President and the Congress additional actions that should be taken with respect to the resolution of such cases.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 1991
Urges the President, in planning and negotiating Iraq's post-war settlements with the United States and its allies, to insist that an appropriate portion of Iraq's oil wealth be used to: (1) indemnify the United States and its allies for the costs of the military conflict; (2) indemnify noncombatant nations and individuals for losses suffered as a result of the acts of war committed by Iraq or as a result of necessary actions taken by allied forces in defeating Iraqi aggression; and (3) provide an ongoing fund to pay for the cleanup of environmental degradation in the Arabian Gulf caused by the conflict.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 1991
Calls for the President to proclaim a National Welcome Home Day for U.S. forces that shall be marked by a celebration in all the States, towns, and cities and by a National Welcome Home Parade in Washington, D.C.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 1991
Acclaims the President for his decisive leadership, unerring judgment, and sound decisions with respect to the Persian Gulf crisis. Commends and expresses appreciation to the members of the U.S. armed forces and other members of the international coalition who participated in Operation Desert Storm. Conveys sympathy and condolences to the families and friends of coalition and U.S. forces who were injured or killed during such operation. Expresses compassion for the families of noncombatants who suffered hardship and personal losses during the Persian Gulf War. Supports continued efforts to promote peace and stability in the Persian Gulf.
United States · United States Congress · 28 February 1991
Commends President George Bush, Secretary of Defense Richard Cheney, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Colin Powell, Secretary of State James Baker, General Norman Schwarzkopf, and every American service member for their respective roles in liberating Kuwait. Calls on all Americans to honor those who fell in the line of duty and pray for the safe return of all those missing in action. Commends every American family for its role in providing support for U.S. troops.
United States · United States Congress · 27 February 1991
Women's Equal Opportunity Act of 1991 - Title I: Federal Civil Rights Remedies - Subtitle A: Federal Remedies for Sexual Harassment in the Workplace - Amends the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to allow monetary penalties, to specified maximums, for intentional unlawful employment practices relating to harassment on the basis of sex. Allows a person alleging employment discrimination through sexual harassment to seek temporary or preliminary injunctive relief: (1) without regard to any period of time following the filing of a charge; and (2) without obtaining a right-to-sue letter from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Sets forth criteria for obtaining such relief. Requires courts to expedite proceedings under these provisions. Mandates technical assistance concerning sexual harassment law to employers with fewer than a specified number of employees. Authorizes appropriations. Subtitle B: Expansion of Other Federal Civil Rights - Amends Federal law relating to equal rights under the law and the making and enforcing of contracts to declare that: (1) the rights protected are protected against impairment by non-governmental discrimination as well as against impairment under color of State law; and (2) the provisions afford the same protection against discrimination in the performance, breach, modification, or termination of a contract, or in the setting of the terms or conditions thereof, as they do in the making and enforcement of the contract. Amends the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to declare that, for provisions relating to time limits for filing charges, an unlawful employment practice occurs with regard to a seniority system: (1) when it is adopted, an individual becomes subject to it, or a person is injured by its application; and (2) if the system is alleged to have been adopted for an intentionally discriminatory purpose, whether or not that purpose is apparent on the system's face. Applies title VII (Equal Employment Opportunity) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to the Congress, with enforcement as determined by each House of the Congress. Title II: Domestic and Street Crime Violence Against Women - Subtitle A: Safety on College and University Campuses - Amends the Higher Education Act of 1965 to add sexual assault or any other abusive sexual conduct to the list of offenses regarding which certain institutions are required to collect and disclose statistics. Requires each institution to report the statistics to parents or guardians of students as well as to other groups specified by current law. Subtitle B: Stronger Penalties for Federal Sex Offenses - Amends the Federal criminal code to make murder a Class A felony, mandating the death sentence, when done in the course of certain sex offenses, sexual assault, or child molestation, or when the defendant has previously been convicted of sexual assault or child molestation, subject to specified mitigating factors. Requires instructing the jury not to: (1) consider the race, color, religion, national origin, or sex of the defendant or any victim; and (2) recommend a death sentence unless it concludes that it would recommend such sentence rergardless of such factors. Requires each juror to sign a certification to such effect. Bars carrying out a death sentence on a woman while she is pregnant. Prohibits requiring any employee of, or a person under contract to provide services to, a State corrections department or the Federal Bureau of Prisons to attend or participate in any execution. Amends Federal criminal code provisions relating to sexual abuse to double the maximum imprisonment for violation of such provisions after a prior conviction under Federal or State law for such an offense. Adds to such provisions a special definition of "sexual act" applicable to individuals under the age of 16. Amends the Controlled Substances Act to provide for increased penalties for distribution of a controlled substance to a woman while she is pregnant. Subtitle C: Enhanced Compensation and Restitution for Victims of Sex Crimes - Pornography Victims' Compensation Act of 1991 - Creates a cause of action against a producer, distributor, exhibitor, or seller of sexually explicit material by a victim of a rape, sexual assault, act of sexual abuse, sexual murder, or other sexual crime, or by the estate, guardian, or survivors of any such victim. Conditions the recovery of damages on proof by a preponderance of the evidence that: (1) the victim was a victim of such an act; (2) the material is obscene, constitutes child pornography, or in the case of sex crimes, is sexually explicit and violent, and was a proximate cause of the offense; (3) the defendant is a producer or distributor of the material exhibited or sold it to the sexual offender and should have known that the material was sexually explicit; and (4) the sale or transport affects interstate or foreign commerce. Sets forth criteria by which the finder of fact may reasonably infer that such material was a proximate cause of the offense, including unusual similarities between the acts described and the actual offense, testimony of the offender, and testimony of experts who have examined such material which incited the commission of the offense. Authorizes the award of damages for economic loss, compensation for pain and suffering, reasonable attorney's fees, and costs to prevailing plaintiffs. Sets a statute of limitations of six years from the date the right of action first accrued or, in the case of a legal disability, not later than three years after the termination of such disability. Amends the Federal criminal code to allow an order of certain types of restitution in cases involving provisions relating to sexual abuse or sexual exploitation of children. Subtitle D: Reform of Procedure and Evidentiary Requirements in Sex Offense and Other Cases - Amends the Federal Rules of Evidence to allow evidence of similar offenses in criminal or civil sexual assault and child molestation cases. Amends the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure to modify the number of peremptory challenges available to specified parties when the offense charged is punishable by imprisonment for more than one year. Amends the Federal Criminal Code to: (1) prohibit peremptory jury challenges on the basis of race, color, or any other classification that could not lawfully be used by a prosecutor; and (2) give the prosecutor the same right as the defense attorney to challenge the exercise of peremptory challenges on this ground, with the court applying the same standards and granting the same relief. Enacts rules, to be known as the Rules of Professional Conduct for Lawyers in Federal Practice, and includes them as an appendix to provisions of the U.S. Code relating to the judiciary and judicial procedure. Applies the rules to proceedings before a U.S. court or a Federal agency that carries out adjudicatory or quasi-adjudicatory functions. Includes rules relating to: (1) various types of litigation abuses (including conduct to increase litigation expenses or with no substantial purpose other than to distress another person); (2) expediting litigation (including not attempting to delay or prolong proceedings for specified reasons); and (3) a duty to prevent the commission of a crime (including allowing or requiring disclosure of information). Declares that: (1) it is the sense of the Congress that, in determining child custody, credible evidence of physical abuse of a spouse should create a statutory presumption that it is detrimental to the child to be placed in the custody of the abusive spouse; and (2) this paragraph is not intended to encourage States to prohibit supervised visitation. Requires a protective order issued by a court of a State to have the same full faith and credit in a court in another State as in a court of the issuing State. Amends the Federal Criminal Code to require that a person charged with an offense under provisions relating to sexual abuse be tested for the human immunodeficiency virus: (1) before release pending trial; and (2) six months and twelve months after the initial test. Requires results to be provided to the judicial officer or court and disclosed only to the victim, the attorney for the Government, and the person tested. Requires the U.S. Sentencing Commission to enhance the sentence guidelines if the offender had reason to know that he was infected, except where the offender did not engage or attempt to engage in conduct creating a risk of transmission. Amends the Victims' Rights and Restitution Act of 1990 to require a Governmental department or agency to pay for up to two tests for a sexual assault victim in the twelve months following the assault and a counseling session regarding the tests and the risk of transmission as the result of the assault. Subtitle E: National Task Force on Violence Against Women - Establishes the National Task Force on Violence Against Women to develop a uniform Federal, State, and local law enforcement strategy aimed at protecting women against violent crimes, punishing persons who commit such crimes, and enhancing the rights of the victims. Authorizes appropriations. Subtitle F: Prevention of Sexual Assault - Amends the Victims of Crime Act of 1984 to establish a program of grants to States to assist States in supporting rape prevention and education programs. Requires: (1) a minimum percentage of the money to be used for programs targeted for junior high school and high school students; and (2) the State to pay the full cost of forensic medical examinations of sexual assault victims. Authorizes appropriations. Subtitle G: Domestic Violence Prevention Act of 1991 - Domestic Violence Prevention Act of 1991 - Amends the Family Violence Prevention and Services Act to add increasing public awareness as a purpose of State demonstration grants. Authorizes grants for public information campaigns regarding domestic violence. Requires a State grant recipient to establish a Commission on Domestic Violence. Requires a specified minimum percentage of funds for demonstration grants for prevention of, and provision of immediate shelter and other assistance to, victims of family violence and their dependents be used for rural areas. Limits law enforcement training grants to private nonprofit organizations that have certain experience. Authorizes appropriations to carry out the Act. Title III: Employment Opportunities - Subtitle A: Glass Ceiling Commission - Glass Ceiling Act of 1991 - Establishes the Glass Ceiling Commission to conduct a study and prepare recommendations conerning: (1) eliminating artificial barriers to the advancement of women and minorities; and (2) increasing opportunities and developmental experiences of women and minorities to foster advancement of women and minorities to executive management and senior decisionmaking positions in business. Establishes the National Award for Diversity and Excellence in American Executive Management, to be evidenced by a medal with its design approved by the Commission. Directs the President, after receiving recommendations from the Commission, to annually present the award to businesses that meet specified qualifications. Allows a recipient business to use the award in its advertising if the business agrees to help other U.S. businesses improve with respect to the promotion of opportunities and developmental experiences of women and minorities regarding executive management and senior decisionmaking positions. Authorizes appropriations. Terminates the Commission and the authority to make awards four years after enactment of this subtitle. Subtitle B: Opportunities in Apprenticeship - Opportunities in Apprenticeship Act of 1991 - Directs the Secretary of Labor to establish in the Department of Labor an outreach and education program to expand the opportunities for women and minorities in apprenticeship programs registered with the Department under the National Apprenticeship Act (registered apprenticeship programs). Directs the Secretary to: (1) identify and develop model preapprenticeship and apprenticeship programs that promote training and employment opportunities for women and minorities, and disseminate information relating to the programs; and (2) provide technical assistance to organizations, institutions, groups, and individuals to promote outreach to, and recruitment of, women and minorities for registered apprenticeship programs. Authorizes the Secretary to: (1) award grants for the Federal share of outreach and recruitment to increase the participation of women and minorities in registered apprenticeship programs; and (2) establish a program of grants to sponsors of registered apprenticeship programs to pay the Federal share of providing preapprenticeship training to women and minorities. Directs the Secretary to conduct a study of, and report to the appropriate committees of the Congress on, the participation of women and minorities in registered apprenticeship programs. Authorizes appropriations to carry out this subtitle. Subtitle C: Opportunities for Alternative Work Arrangements - Declares that it is the sense of the Congress that: (1) the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) has made commendable efforts to develop alternative work arrangements through flexible scheduling and job sharing; and (2) OPM should continue efforts to develop and expand alternative work arrangements.
United States · United States Congress · 27 February 1991
Amends the Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS) to include under such coverage otherwise eligible persons who are also entitled to Medicare benefits. Prohibits a benefit from being paid under CHAMPUS to the extent that it is also a covered benefit for such individual under title XVIII (Medicare) of the Social Security Act.
United States · United States Congress · 27 February 1991
Amends the Immigration and Nationality Act to provide for naturalization through active duty service in the armed forces of aliens enlisted in the Philippines during a designated period of armed hostility on or after February 1, 1991.
United States · United States Congress · 27 February 1991
Energy Price and Supply Information Act of 1991 - Directs the Administrator of the Energy Information Administration of the Department of Energy to conduct and publish weekly surveys on a national, State, and PADD (Petroleum Administration Defense District) basis during each winter season with respect to: (1) home heating fuel; (2) natural gas; and (3) automotive fuel. Directs the Secretary of Energy to establish recommended adequate inventory levels for home heating fuel, natural gas and automotive fuel on a national, State, and PADD basis. Requires the Secretary to: (1) notify the Congress, the President, and State energy offices before October 1 of each year whether such inventory levels will be met for the winter heating season; and (2) make recommendations for legislative and administrative actions necessary to restore inadequate inventories if they fall below the recommended levels. Requires the Secretary to report the results of a study of the effect of interruptible natural gas contracts on the demand and supply of home heating fuel during the 1989-1990 winter heating season.
United States · United States Congress · 27 February 1991
Directs the heads of Federal departments or agencies which hold or receive records and information which have or could possibly have been correlated to U.S. personnel listed as prisoners of war or missing in action after 1940, including from World War II and the Korean and Vietnam conflicts, to publicly disclose such records and information, except where such disclosure would compromise national security. Requires the Department of Defense to publicly disclose a complete list of such personnel including those killed in action (body not returned) with each service member's current classification as well as any changes in such classification occurring during or after such hostilities.
United States · United States Congress · 27 February 1991
Amends Federal armed forces provisions to repeal the social security offset applicable to certain annuities paid to surviving spouses under the Survivor Benefit Plan (SBP) for retired members of the armed forces, to the extent that such offset is due to social security benefits which are based on the surviving spouse's own earnings or self-employment. Directs the Secretary of the military department concerned to recompute the existing annuities of certain individuals currently under the SBP or who have become eligible for such annuity by the date of enactment of this Act, in order to determine if such recomputation is more favorable due to changes made by this Act.
United States · United States Congress · 27 February 1991
Requires every educational institution that offers courses of study approved for armed forces' or veterans' educational assistance programs under the Montgomery GI Bill to: (1) credit or reimburse each member of the Selected Reserve the entire amount of tuition and fees paid by the reservist to the institution with respect to a course which the reservist is unable to complete because of being ordered to active duty; and (2) provide, upon request, for the readmission of such reservist after completion of such active duty in the same status held before such withdrawal.
United States · United States Congress · 27 February 1991
Authorizes the voluntary withholding of State income tax from monthly annuity payments under programs providing annuities for survivors of retired military personnel.
United States · United States Congress · 27 February 1991
Amends the Internal Revenue Code to deny a deduction for personal income taxes paid to a State which taxes nonresidents on income derived from a Federal area used for Federal military defense purposes which includes portions of Kentucky and Tennessee.
United States · United States Congress · 27 February 1991
Calls on all employers, public and private, to follow the example of the city of Chicago and adopt and implement employment policies to assure the continuity of salaries, wages, and other benefits of employees called to active military service as part of Operation Desert Storm.
United States · United States Congress · 27 February 1991
Expresses the sense of the Congress that the President and the Congress should direct appropriate Federal agencies and the armed forces to work with State and local governments to develop coordinated urban search and heavy rescue response plans.
United States · United States Congress · 26 February 1991
Water Research Act of 1991 - Declares it U.S. policy to provide for: (1) the development of a means of producing, from saline or biologically impaired waters, water of a quality suitable for agricultural, industrial, municipal and other uses; and (2) related research on a scale sufficient to determine the feasibility of large scale development. Defines "saline water" to mean sea water, brackish water, and other mineralized or chemically impaired water. Directs the Secretary of the Interior to conduct a basic research and development program as Phase I of the water research program established by this Act. Specifies the activities to be included in Phase I, including activities involving research grants and contracts. Directs the Secretary to endeavor to obtain results in Phase I, within three years after enactment of this Act, sufficient to support recommendations to the Congress. Authorizes the Secretary to conduct additional basic research and development concurrently with Phase II demonstration activities. Directs the Secretary to conduct a demonstration program as Phase II of the water research program established by this Act. Specifies the activities to be included in Phase II. Requires the results of research under this Act, with exceptions for national defense and patent rights, to be available to the public. Applies specified provisions of the Federal Nonnuclear Energy, Research and Development Act of 1974 (FNERDA) relating to patents and inventions to any invention conceived in the course of any contract under this Act, but states that such application does not affect the application of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act to research under this Act that is performed at a Federal laboratory. Applies provisions of FNERDA relating to antitrust laws to activities under this Act. Authorizes the Secretary to: (1) accept technical and administrative assistance from public or private agencies in connection with work relating to the desalting of water; (2) enter into contracts or agreements; and (3) provide for cost sharing. Authorizes the Secretary to take other actions in carrying out this Act, including making grants and contracts. Directs the Secretary to dispose of water and byproducts resulting from operations under this Act consistent with environmental law. Requires, notwithstanding other law, moneys received from the dispositions to be deposited in a separate account in the Treasury, to be known as the Water Research Fund. Makes amounts from the Fund available as provided in appropriations Acts. Directs the President to instruct the Agency for International Development (AID) to sponsor an international desalination conference. Allows funding for the conference to come from operating or program funds of AID. Requires AID to encourage financial and other support from other nations, including those that have desalination technology and those that might benefit from it. Authorizes appropriations for Phase I.
United States · United States Congress · 26 February 1991
Designates the clinical wing at the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Salem, Virginia, as the Hugh Davis Memorial Wing.