International Security and Economic Cooperation Act of 1991

Summary

International Security and Economic Cooperation Act of 1991 - Title I: Statement of Policy; Development Assistance Programs - Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to revise policy provisions. Declares that assistance provided under such Act, the Arms Export Control Act, and any Act authorizing or appropriating funds for use under such Acts should serve the following goals: (1) to promote and consolidate democratic values and institutions; (2) to promote U.S. national security interests and peace; (3) to promote economic growth through competitive markets with equitable distribution of benefits; (4) to promote human resource development and meet urgent humanitarian needs; and (5) to protect against transnational threats. States that development assistance programs should have the following four objectives: (1) to address the problem of poverty; (2) to promote broad-based free market economies and sustainable economic growth; (3) to promote improved environmental, natural resource, and agricultural management in developing countries; and (4) to promote democracy and political, social, and economic pluralism. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the United States should: (1) concentrate development assistance in countries which will make the most effective use of such assistance; (2) focus development assistance on activities which the United States can provide most effectively and which meet the particular economic assistance requirements of a country; and (3) not provide assistance if the relevant sector or economic policies of a country are unfavorable to the sustainability or impact of the assisted project. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1992 and 1993 for agriculture, rural development, and nutrition assistance. Authorizes the President to furnish assistance to prevent and control acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Declares that 45 percent of such assistance should be provided to the World Health Organization for use in financing its Global Program on AIDS. Calls upon the agency primarily responsible for administering development assistance (administering agency) to set as a goal the reduction of under five mortality rates by at least one-third by the year 2000. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1992 and 1993 for: (1) voluntary family planning; (2) health programs; (3) education, public administration, and human resource development; and (4) private sector, environment, energy, and special development activities. Prohibits funds authorized under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 that are intended for projects requiring environmental impact statements, assessments, or analyses from being obligated or expended prior to the consideration of public comment on any options connected with such projects. Prohibits funds authorized to be appropriated for such Act from being used for projects that would result in any significant loss of primary tropical forests. Directs the administrator of the administering agency to increase the involvement of private and voluntary organizations and cooperatives in assistance programs. Encourages the administrator to support development education programs. Increases the percentage of funds to be made available or channeled for each fiscal year (currently, FY 1986 through 1989) to private and voluntary organizations for specified development activities. Permits funds for child and mother health needs, the Child Survival Fund, and AIDS to be made available notwithstanding restrictions on assistance to foreign countries. Requires the administrator to ensure that: (1) development assistance activities incorporate the active participation of local women; (2) sex-disaggregated data is included in country development strategy statements for major sectors in which assistance is to be provided and in project papers and program assistance approval documents; (3) programs are designed so that the percentage of women who benefit from such assistance exceeds the approximate transitional level of participation of women in the sector for which assistance is being provided; and (4) program assistance evaluations include an assessment of the extent to which women are participating in the activity and the impact of the activity on the self-reliance of women and improving their incomes. Requires a specified amount to be made available each fiscal year as matching funds to support activities of the missions of the agency which demonstrate potential for integrating women into programs. Title II: Other Assistance Programs and Authorizations - Authorizes appropriations for FY 1992 and 1993 for American schools, libraries, and hospitals abroad. Expresses the sense of the Congress that: (1) U.S. citizens give every consideration to founding or sponsoring American schools in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union to serve as study centers for U.S. ideas and practices; and (2) the American University of Blagoevgrad in Bulgaria is to be commended for its efforts in founding an American school to serve such purposes. Redesignates the private sector revolving fund as the private sector credit program. Eliminates provisions concerning funding, remittance of excess assets, fees, and the transfer of unobligated funds. Permits fees to be charged for guarantees and loans issued under the program. Limits the amount of contingent liability for guarantees in FY 1992 and 1993. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1992 and 1993 for administrative expenses of the program. Raises the ceiling on the principal amount of housing guaranties authorized to be issued under the worldwide shelter program. Continues the authority of the housing guaranty program through FY 1993. Repeals provisions concerning agricultural and productive credit and self-help community development programs. Provides that guaranties issued in connection with loans made for housing and infrastructure in Israel for Soviet refugees shall not be subject to specified face value limitations. Requires fees to be charged for housing guaranties. Raises the ceiling on the total face value of guaranties authorized to be issued with respect to any country in a fiscal year. Provides that the principal amount of guaranties issued shall be comparable to the amount issued for FY 1984, subject to dollar value limitations. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1992 and 1993 to pay the cost of guranties with a specified face value and for administrative expenses of the housing guaranty program. Permits the President to continue U.S. participation in, and make contributions to, the International Fund for Agricultural Development. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1992 and 1993 for specified United Nations programs and activities. Authorizes appropriations for the U.S. contribution to the United Nations University Endowment Fund. Limits such contribution to 25 percent of the total amount contributed to the Fund by other members. Provides that if Israel is denied its right to participate in any United Nations agency, the United States shall suspend its participation in, and contributions to, any such agency until the denial of rights is reversed. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1992 and 1993 for international disaster assistance and international narcotics control activities. Expresses the sense of the Congress that under specified conventions on narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, the parties are required to criminalize drug related activities, provide severe penalties, and cooperate in the extradition of accused offenders. Revises the authorities of the Director of the Trade and Development Agency (replaces the Trade and Development Program). Requires the Agency to disseminate information about its activities to the private sector. Sets forth the duties of the Inspector General of the administering agency with respect to the Agency. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1992 and 1993. Prohibits appointments to positions within the administering agency without the advice and consent of the Senate. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1992 and 1993 for operating expenses of the administering agency and its Office of the Inspector General. Requires the President to maintain within the administering agency a Center for University Cooperation in Development and a Center for Voluntary Cooperation in Development. Provides that the respective purposes of such Centers shall be to strengthen development partnerships between the U.S. Government and: (1) U.S. institutions of higher education engaged in education, research, and public service programs relevant to development needs of developing countries; and (2) U.S. private voluntary organizations, cooperatives, and credit unions engaged in activities relevant to such needs. Directs the administrator to establish an Advisory Committee on Voluntary Cooperation in Development. Revises provisions concerning congressional notification for program changes. Authorizes nongovernmental organizations to invest local currencies accrued as a result of economic assistance provided under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and other specified Acts and to use interest earned on investments for assistance purposes. Title III: Economic Support Fund - Authorizes appropriations for FY 1992 and 1993 for economic support fund (ESF) assistance for: (1) Israel; (2) Egypt; (3) regional cooperative programs in the Middle East; (4) Cyprus (to be for scholarships, bicommunal projects, and confidence building measures to reduce tensions and promote peace between the two communities on Cyprus); (5) the International Fund for Ireland; (6) Turkey; and (7) other recipients or purposes. Permits the President to provide administration of justice assistance to the Philippines. Continues funding for specified administration of justice and law enforcement assistance through FY 1993. Authorizes the President to use ESF assistance for capital and infrastructure assistance. Applies environmental impact and assessment requirements to such assistance. Restricts the use of ESF assistance for nuclear facilities. Permits ESF assistance to be provided as a cash transfer only if the recipient country spends an amount equal to such cash transfer to purchase U.S. goods and services. Makes exemptions to such requirement under certain circumstances. Prohibits U.S. flag carriers from being reimbursed for more than 30 percent above the average competitive international rate for international ship transportation with respect to such purchases. Title IV: Military Assistance and Sales and Related Programs - Authorizes the President to furnish military assistance on a grant basis (currently, loan or grant). Permits such assistance to be provided for the financing of defense articles or services. Authorizes financing for the procurement by leasing of defense articles from U.S. commercial suppliers to be provided to Israel and Egypt if there are compelling foreign policy or national security reasons for such articles being provided by lease rather than by government-to-government sale. Permits the financing of the procurement of defense articles and services not sold by the U.S. Government only if the country or international organization proposing to make such procurement has signed an agreement with the United States specifying the conditions under which the procurement may be financed. Authorizes funds to be made available to a foreign country to make payments of principal and interest owed to the United States in connection with sales of defense articles or services. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1992 and 1993 for military assistance and sales for: (1) Israel (makes certain amounts available, at the request of the Government of Israel, for research and development in the United States and the procurement of defense articles and services in Israel); (2) Egypt; (3) Turkey; (4) Greece; and (5) other recipients or purposes. Declares that the President should consider the practice of a country with respect to the law of war when furnishing military assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Arms Export Control Act. Raises the ceiling on the amount of defense articles and services and military education and training to be drawn down under certain emergencies. Places a ceiling on the value of additions to stockpiles for FY 1992 and FY 1993. Extends the President's authority to transfer excess defense articles to countries on NATO's southern flank through FY 1993. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1992 and 1993 for: (1) international military education and training; (2) peacekeeping operations; and (3) antiterrorism assistance. Makes technical and conforming amendments to the Arms Export Control Act. Provides that charges for defense articles (other than major defense equipment) that are sold, licensed, or approved for export under such Act after FY 1991 may not include nonrecurring costs of research on or development or production of such articles. Revises a provision regarding the Guaranty Reserve Fund and redesignates the Fund as the Foreign Military Loan Liquidating Account. Raises the ceiling on the aggregate acquisition cost to the United States of excess defense articles ordered by the President. Revises requirements of a report by the President on military exports. Repeals provisions concerning information to the Congress on credit sales and guaranties and the availability of funds for procurement of defense articles and services outside the United States. Deems Australia, New Zealand, Egypt, Israel, Japan, and the Philippines to be major non-NATO allies. Prohibits funds made available by any Act from being used to facilitate the sale of M-833 antitank shells or any comparable antitank shells containing a depleted uranium penetrating component to any country other than a NATO member country or a major non-NATO ally. Sets forth U.S. policy on Middle East arms sales. Title V: Special Authorities, Restrictions and Reports - Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to raise the ceiling on funds available for unanticipated contingencies. Authorizes a specified amount to be made available in any fiscal year (currently, FY 1986 and 1987) for emergency military assistance. Authorizes the President to adopt as a U.S. contract or obligation any contract with a U.S. or third-country contractor that had been funded with assistance prior to the termination of such assistance. Revises provisions concerning prohibitions on assistance. Requires the President to maintain a list of Communist countries for purposes of restricting assistance. Authorizes the President to remove or exempt a country from the list or prohibitions on assistance if he reports to the Congress that such removal or exemption is important to the U.S. national interest. Prohibits assistance to any country whose elected head of government is deposed by military coup. Permits the President to resume assistance to such a country if he reports to the Congress that subsequent to the coup a democratically elected government has taken office. Prohibits assistance to any country which is more than one year in arrears to the U.S. Government on loan or credit payments extended under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 or former authorities of the Arms Export Control Act unless the President reports to the Speaker of the House and the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that such assistance is in the national interest. Requires the Administrator of the Agency for International Development (AID) to ensure that for every assistance project there is prominently displayed an acknowledgment that the project was funded by the people of the United States. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the President should continue to make efforts to improve the management of the foreign economic assistance program. Requires the President to study the feasibility and impact of reducing the number of countries receiving such assistance and improving coordination and management of the foreign assistance programs. Directs the AID Administrator to report to the Speaker of the House and the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on: (1) actions taken by AID and any other proposals to improve management of such programs; and (2) the findings of the President's study. Requires the President to report to the House Foreign Affairs Committee and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on the extent to which ESF assistance provided in excess of $10,000,000 in FY 1987 through 1991 to a country has contributed to economic reform along market economic principles in such country. Title VI: Special Assistance Initiatives and Other Region or Country Specific Provisions - Chapter 1: East Asia and the Pacific - Subchapter A: Assistance to the Philippines - Multilateral Assistance Initiative for the Philippines Act of 1991 - Expresses the sense of the Congress that: (1) the United States should continue to participate with multilateral financial institutions and other bilateral donors in an economic reform and development program in the Philippines; and (2) a multiyear commitment of resources by the United States, donors, and institutions with a continued reform effort and leadership role by the Government of the Philippines will continue to be necessary to ensure continued economic growth in the Philippines and enhanced participation of the Filipino people in the democratic process. Authorizes the President to provide assistance on such terms as determined necessary to carry out this Act. Links assistance to progress by the Government of the Philippines in implementing its economic, structural, and administrative reform program and provides that such assistance may include programs to stimulate and strengthen private sector growth, including voluntary debt reduction, greater U.S. participation in such sector, and sustained economic growth. Authorizes appropriations. Limits the amount of appropriations for FY 1992 and 1993. Expresses the sense of the Congress that: (1) coordination of programs by donors, institutions, and the Government of the Philippines is critical to the success of the Multilateral Assistance Initiative; (2) all donors should simplify procurement and disbursement procedures and ensure that conditions on the provision or use of assistance are complementary; and (3) the Philippines will ensure the most effective use of such assistance. Subchapter B: Humanitarian Assistance for Cambodian Democracy - Makes specified amounts of development and ESF assistance for FY 1992 and 1993 available for humanitarian and development assistance for civilians and civilian members of the Cambodian noncommunist resistance. Requires the President to terminate assistance to any Cambodian organization that is cooperating with the Khmer Rouge in military operations. Directs the Administrator of the administering agency to: (1) contract with a private sector employee to establish an office in Phnom Penh to oversee program activities; and (2) conduct an on-site assessment within Cambodia to determine requirements for the development of infrastructure and the eradication of explosive mines. Requires the President to report to the Speaker of the House and the President pro tempore of the Senate on all instances of military cooperation since January 1, 1991, between the Khmer Rouge and any faction of the noncommunist resistance and all instances of human rights abuses by the Khmer Rouge. Makes available an additional amount of development and ESF assistance for FY 1992 and 1993 for humanitarian assistance to children and victims of wars in Cambodia. Subchapter C: Other Provisions Relating to the Region - Permits funds authorized by this Act and funds made available in prior foreign assistance appropriations Acts for Burma (Myanmar) to be made available for training and education assistance for Burmese outside of Burma who are displaced as a result of civil conflict and for activities which support democratic pluralism in Burma. Expresses the sense of the Congress that additional assistance should be provided for Mongolia in recognition of Mongolia's movement toward democracy and a free market economy. Chapter 2: Near East and South Asia - Extends a certain waiver on a prohibition on assistance to Pakistan through FY 1994. Amends the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 to earmark development and ESF assistance for humanitarian assistance to the Afghan people and for the implementation of bilateral and multilateral reconstruction efforts for Afghanistan and the establishment of a broad-based freely-elected Afghan Government. Sets forth provisions concerning human rights abuses in Sri Lanka. Requires the President, in determining whether to provide assistance or make sales of defense articles or services to Sri Lanka during FY 1992 and 1993, to take into account whether the Government of Sri Lanka has: (1) established a public register of detainees and ensured that detainees have access to lawyers and family members; (2) taken steps to deter disappearances and killings of civilians by persons under control of government forces; (3) taken measures to minimize civilian casualties in combat operations in the north and east; and (4) made serious efforts to investigate and prosecute those involved in the murder of journalist Richard DeZoysa. Encourages the Government of Sri Lanka to provide human rights education and training. Chapter 3: Europe - Subchapter A: SEED Program Support for Transformation From Communism to Free-Market Democracy - Support for East European Democracy Act of 1991 (or SEED II Act) - Amends the Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 to include within the definition of "Eastern Europe" all nations of Europe which experienced Communist rule after World War II. Permits the President, where an authority in such Act is available for a bilateral activity for Poland or Hungary, to exercise such authority with respect to another Eastern European country or a constituent republic of such country if he determines that: (1) such country or republic has taken steps toward democracy and a market-oriented economy; (2) such activity would promote the institutions of democracy and a free-market economy; and (3) such activity would not sustain or fortify organizations which are inimical to the development of democracy and a free-market economy. Authorizes appropriations for FY 1992 and 1993 for assistance under SEED. Expresses the sense of the Congress with respect to establishing, and providing ESF and technical assistance for, nondiplomatic liaison offices in the Baltic states and in constituent republics of East European countries to facilitate liaison with entities aspiring to achieve democracy and free-market institutions. Supports adoption of agricultural policies in East European countries that are based on free-market policies and discourages policies that distort market signals through protective import barriers or government export subsidies. Provides for the establishment of Institutes for Agricultural Policies in Eastern Europe and the United States for the education and training of policy makers in agricultural free-market economics. Declares that 20 percent of SEED food assistance for FY 1992 and 1993 should be in the form of value added agricultural products. Applies limitations and authorities for the Enterprise Funds for Poland and Hungary to any other Enterprise Fund to which the President determines the United States should contribute. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the President should: (1) designate a director within the Department of Commerce for American business initiative in Eastern Europe to promote the development of American business opportunities in East European countries; and (2) establish American Business Centers to support American business initiatives in Eastern Europe. Andrei Sakharov Educational Exchange Act - Amends the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 to establish the Andrei Sakharov Educational Exchange Program to further U.S.-Eastern European cooperation in the fields of environmental protection and the health sciences through the exchange of graduate students. Urges the President to use the authority provided by such Act as an integral part of the SEED program. Amends SEED to express the sense of the Congress that the President should allocate a specified amount annually for NATO's plan for expanded East European participation. Eastern European Security Assistance Act of 1991 - Makes a specified amount of administration of justice assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 for U.S. participation in a program aimed at strengthening democratic institutions in Eastern European countries by promoting the empowerment of civilian managers in the justice, defense, and internal security establishments. Prohibits such programs from taking place with the authorities of a nonelected government or with a regime that carries out human rights violations or is negligent in the prosecution of hate crimes. Authorizes the President to: (1) include an appropriate number of students from Eastern European countries in the training offered by the National Academy of the Federal Bureau of Investigation; and (2) furnish international criminal investigative training assistance and administration of justice assistance to Eastern European countries. Urges the Director of the U.S. Information Agency to arrange for the translation into the appropriate languages of books and other materials relevant to purposes of this Act for distribution to parliaments, ministries, and institutions of higher education in Eastern Europe. Directs the Secretary of State, together with the Attorney General, to report to specified congressional committees on possible sites for the establishment of at least three legal attache posts at U.S. embassies in Eastern Europe. Treats the Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe in Budapest, Hungary, as an international organization for purposes of detailing U.S. Government personnel. Makes a specified amount of nonconvertible Polish currencies held by the United States available for the Research Center on Jewish History and Culture of the Jagiellonian University of Krakow, Poland. Subchapter B: Baltic Humanitarian Relief - Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to declare that the Congress recognizes that prompt U.S. assistance is desirable to help alleviate suffering in the Baltic republics. Directs the AID Administrator to: (1) furnish humanitarian assistance for the relief of the Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian people; and (2) solicit donations of humanitarian assistance for Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania and cooperate with private relief agencies attempting to provide such assistance. Authorizes the Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Transportation Command to provide all necessary airlift and sealift to transport donations of medical supplies to the Baltic peoples. Earmarks ESF assistance for such purposes. Urges the President to begin negotiations with the nations surrounding Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, including Poland and the U.S.S.R., regarding the importation of humanitarian assistance. Subchapter C: CSCE Assembly - CSCE Assembly Participation Act - Provides that up to 17 Members of the Congress shall be appointed to meet annually with representative parliamentary groups from other Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) member nations to: (1) assess the implementation of CSCE objectives; (2) discuss subjects addressed during the meetings of the Council of Ministers for Foreign Affairs and the biennial Summit of Heads of State or Government; and (3) initiate and promote national and multilateral measures to further cooperation and security in Europe. Earmarks amounts from funds available to the Department of State for contributions to international organizations for the U.S. contribution toward the maintenance of the CSCE Assembly and for meeting the expenses of the U.S. delegation. Chapter 4: Middle East - Subchapter A: Arms Suppliers Regime - Arms Suppliers Regime Act of 1991 - Declares that the Secretary should undertake to convene a conference of appropriate nations to establish an arms suppliers regime. States that the purpose of such regime should be to: (1) halt the flow of unconventional arms and technologies necessary to produce such arms to nations in the Middle East; (2) limit and control the proliferation of advanced conventional arms to such nations; and (3) provide incentives for regional arms control agreements in the Middle East. Lists actions to be taken to carry out such purposes. Authorizes the President to negotiate and commit the United States to participating in a multilateral moratorium prohibiting the transfer of advanced conventional arms to the Middle East. Requires the President to report annually to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and the House Foreign Affairs Committee on: (1) all transfers of arms to the Middle East over the previous five years; (2) the current military balance in the region; (3) the current and projected military threat to allied and friendly nations in the Middle East and the military equipment needed to deter and defend against such threat; (4) the operation of agreements comprising the arms suppliers regime; (5) the supplier nations that have refused to participate in such regime; and (6) specific actions of supplier nations that have engaged in conduct that violates or undermines the regime. Prohibits the sale of defense articles or services, or the issuance of export licenses for such articles or services, to any nation in the Middle East unless the President: (1) certifies that the Secretary has undertaken to convene the conference for the establishment of an arms suppliers regime; and (2) submits a specified report on such regime. Subchapter B: Miscellaneous - Declares that specified amounts of development assistance should be used to finance the Cooperative Development Program, cooperative development research projects among the United States, Israel, and developing countries, and cooperative development projects among the United States, Israel, and Eastern Europe. Prohibits assistance to Syria until the President reports to the House Foreign Affairs Committee and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that the Government of Syria: (1) has demonstrated willingness to enter into negotiations with Israel; (2) does not deny its citizens the right to emigrate and does not impose taxes with respect to emigration; (3) is assisting the U.S. Government in obtaining the release of American hostages in Lebanon; (4) no longer supports international terrorist groups; (5) is withdrawing its armed forces from Lebanon; (6) is no longer acquiring chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons and will not use weapons currently in its arsenal to threaten its neighbors; (7) is cooperating with U.S. antinarcotics efforts and taking steps to remove members of the government who are involved in the drug trade; and (8) has made progress in improving human rights. Requires the President to report to such committees on third country transfers of weapons and military equipment to Syria. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the United States should support educational, cultural, and humanitarian activities that bring Israelis together with Palestinians living in the West Bank and Gaza. Expresses the sense of the Congress that: (1) all Arab nations which have refused to recognize Israel and have maintained a state of belligerency against Israel should recognize israel, end the state of belligerency and economic boycott against Israel, and enter into negotiations with Israel; and (2) the United States should encourage the Arab states which were allied with the United States in the Persian Gulf War to achieve such objectives. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the United States should work with its Arab coalition partners to: (1) encourage their support for efforts to achieve peace and stability in the Middle East and to settle the Arab-Israeli conflict; and (2) take specific steps with respect to Israel and terrorism. Chapter 5: Latin America and the Caribbean - Subchapter A: Provisions Pertaining to Central America and the Caribbean - Requires advance congressional notification for the transfer of helicopters or military aircraft to any country in Central America or the Caribbean. Directs the Secretary to notify the appropriate congressional committees whenever any helicopters or other military aircraft are provided to such countries by any foreign country. Prohibits military assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to Guatemala during FY 1992 and 1993, except in connection with a peace agreement. Establishes the Lasting Peace Fund for Guatemala. Authorizes the President to transfer amounts available for military assistance to the Fund. Makes funds available only upon notification to the appropriate congressional committees that the Guatemalan Government and the Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unit have signed a peace agreement. Permits funds to be available for: (1) costs of retraining, relocation, and reemployment in civilian pursuits of former combatants and noncombatants affected by the conflict; and (2) costs of monitoring activities associated with the peace agreement. Prohibits the authorites of the Arms Export Control Act from being used to sell to the Guatemalan Government, or issue licenses for the export to Guatemala of: (1) weapons or ammunition; or (2) aircraft, unless the aircraft are unarmed and the Guatemalan Government has agreed that they will not be armed. Permits FY 1992 and 1993 development and ESF assistance and assistance under the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 for Guatemala to be used only by civilian government agencies and nongovernmental organizations. Requires such assistance to be targeted for: (1) programs that address poverty, basic human needs, and environmental concerns; (2) the improvement of democratic institutions and the promotion of political pluralism; (3) the National Reconciliation Commission; (4) fiscal reform and administration; or (5) programs that promote trade and investment. Prohibits such assistance from being used for partisan political purposes or as an instrument of counterinsurgency. Waives assistance target requirements if the President notifies the appropriate congressional committees that Guatemala has made progress in eliminating human rights violations and in bringing to trial those responsible for major human rights cases. Prohibits foreign assistance for any member of the Nicaraguan resistance who has not disarmed or is not abiding by the terms of the cease-fire agreement and the addenda to the Toncontin Agreement. Earmarks a specified amount of FY 1992 and 1993 ESF assistance for Central America for implementing programs consistent with the purposes of the Concerted Plan of Action in Favor of Central American Refugees, Returnees and Displaced Persons. Prohibits funds authorized to be appropriated by any Act to be made available for the Sandinista Popular Army unless requested and authorized in advance by the President of Nicaragua. Subchapter B: Provisions Pertaining to the Caribbean - Congratulates Haiti on its transition to democracy. Expresses the sense of the Congress that the United States should: (1) provide assistance to the Haitian Government so long as it abides by the Haitian Constitution and respects freedom of expression and human rights; (2) continue to provide assistance to Haitian private voluntary organizations to institutionalize democracy and promote economic development; and (3) provide a specified amount of food, development, and economic assistance to Haiti during FY 1992 and 1993. Prohibits military assistance to Haiti during FY 1992 and 1993, except for nonlethal military assistance provided through a democratically-elected head of state and pursuant to specified notification procedures. Encourages the Government of the Dominican Republic to improve respect for the human rights of Haitian laborers engaged in the sugar cane harvesting industry in the Dominican Republic. Declares that the President should consider increasing the Dominican Republic's allocation of the U.S. sugar quota and providing additional economic and development assistance if the Government of the Dominican Republic makes progress in specified matters concerning such laborers. Permits assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 or the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 to be provided to the Government of Guyana only if the President reports to the appropriate congressional committees that such government is in power as a result of free and fair elections. Exempts from such restriction international narcotics control assistance or assistance for the holding of free and fair elections. Expresses the sense of the Congress that: (1) following the submission of the report regarding Guyana, the President should provide economic assistance for Guyana under such Acts; and (2) a specified amount of assistance should be used to meet basic human needs. Subchapter C: Andean Initiative - Amends the International Narcotics Control Act of 1990 to extend the authorization of appropriations for development and ESF assistance to Andean countries through FY 1993. Requires priority in the use of funds for Bolivia and Peru to be given to support programs that focus on providing coca farmers with alternative sources of income. Earmarks a specified amount for each fiscal year (currently, FY 1991) for administration of justice assistance for Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru. Declares that a specified amount of such assistance should be made available for the Office of Human Rights in the Office of the Attorney General of the Government of Peru. Authorizes additional appropriations for FY 1992 and 1993 for military assistance to Andean countries. Applies certain limitations on FY 1991 military and law enforcement assistance to such countries to assistance for FY 1992 and 1993. Decreases the amounts of assistance to be made available for armed forces and law enforcement units in such countries. Prohibits Peru's Sinchi Police from being considered as a law enforcement unit. Extends certain conditions on assistance to such countries to assistance for FY 1992 and 1993. Exempts from such conditions assistance for programs that focus on providing coca farmers with alternative sources of income. Extends a certain waiver of a prohibition on assistance to countries in default on loans to narcotics-related assistance to Andean countries for FY 1992 and 1993. Subchapter D: South America - Congratulates the Governments of Argentina and Brazil for taking certain steps with respect to nuclear nonproliferation. Permits military assistance to Chile during FY 1992 and 1993 only if the appropriate congressional committees are notified in advance. Subchapter E: Other Provisions Pertaining to the Region - Earmarks an amount of funds made available for narcotics-related assistance for the Andean countries for efforts to deal with the cholera epidemic in Latin America. Makes law enforcement assistance available for countries with democratically-elected governments in Latin America and the Caribbean. Prohibits the use of such funds for: (1) lethal equipment; and (2) the participation of Department of Defense personnel and members of the U.S. armed forces in law enforcement training. Permits law enforcement training in the Caribbean to be provided only by the Department of Justice Criminal Investigative Training Assistance Program. Earmarks funds for such assistance. Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to permit the delivery of military assistance and sales to the armed forces of a Latin American or Caribbean country with a civilian government only with the prior approval of the country's head of government. Subchapter F: Miscellaneous Provisions - Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1969 to authorize appropriations for the Inter-American Foundation for FY 1992 and 1993. Revises provisions concerning the composition of the Foundation's Board of Directors and the principal office. Declares that the Senate applauds the actions of the United Nations Human Rights Commission of March 6, 1991, (concerning human rights in Cuba) and calls on the Government of Cuba to cooperate fully with the Commission. Chapter 6: Africa - Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to authorize appropriations for FY 1992 and 1993 for the Development Fund for Africa. Expresses the sense of the Congress that a certain amount of funds should be made available to support sector projects supported by the Southern African Development Coordination Conference. Amends the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980 to authorize appropriations for FY 1992 and 1993 for the African Development Foundation. Permits assistance to Sudan during FY 1992 and 1993 only if the President reports to the Congress that the Government of Sudan has: (1) taken actions to begin a process of national reconciliation; and (2) demonstrated a commitment to hold free and fair elections monitored by international observers. Permits military and ESF assistance to Kenya during FY 1992 and 1993 only if the President reports to the Congress that the Government of Kenya has taken steps to: (1) release political detainees and end the prosecution of individuals for the expression of their political beliefs; (2) cease mistreatment of political prisoners; and (3) restore judicial independence and freedom of expression. Authorizes military and ESF assistance and international military education and training for Zaire during FY 1992 and 1993 only if the President reports to the Congress that: (1) a neutral, transitional government has been formed to oversee the drafting of a new constitution for Zaire; (2) free and fair elections are held in Zaire; and (3) the elected government demonstrates a commitment to bring about freedom of expression, a reformed and independent judiciary, and reform of the security forces. Prohibits development assistance to Zaire, except as provided through nongovernmental organizations. Expresses the sense of the Senate that the President should continue to support the peacekeeping efforts in Liberia carried out by the Economic Community of West Africa Monitoring Group. Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to authorize the President to provide assistance for civil strife relief, rehabilitation, and general recovery in Liberia. Permits assistance to Liberia during FY 1992 and 1993 only if the President reports to the Congress that the Government of Liberia has achieved progress toward reconciliation and free and fair elections monitored by international observers. Provides that such restriction shall not apply to humanitarian assistance. Authorizes the President to furnish assistance for strengthening judicial institutions in African countries. Expresses the sense of the Senate that a study should be undertaken by the Office of Technology Assessment, in a cross-section of Subsaharan African countries, of the formulation and the economic, social, and environmental impact of adjustment programs supported or leveraged by AID through the Development Fund for Africa. Title VII: Enterprise for the Americas Initiative - Enterprise for the Americas Act of 1991 - Chapter 1: Statement of Findings and Purpose - Sets forth findings and purposes with respect to the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative. Chapter 2: Programs to Facilitate Investment Flows - Requires the Secretary of the Treasury to work with the Inter-American Development Bank to ensure the implementation of the Bank's investment sector reform program and the coordination of U.S. bilateral assistance programs with multilateral efforts to enhance liberalization efforts in Latin America and the Caribbean. Authorizes the Secretary, subject to certain conditions, to make a payment to the Enterprise for the Americas Fund. Requires U.S. assistance to the Fund to be disbursed only for technical assistance for resolving domestic constraints to investment, human capital programs, and assistance to private enterprises. Chapter 3: Eligibility Requirements for Benefits - Makes eligible for participation in activities under this Act any Latin American or Caribbean country that: (1) has in effect, or is making progress toward, policies designed to liberalize its investment regime and to undertake economic reforms in conjunction with specified multilateral financial institutions; and (2) qualifies for assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (waives prohibitions on assistance to countries in default on loans to the United States). Chapter 4: Enterprise for the Americas Facility - Establishes the Enterprise for the Americas Facility in the Department of the Treasury. Declares that the purpose of the Facility is to serve as the coordinating mechanism within the U.S. Government to carry out provisions of this Act related to debt reductions, sales, and cancellations of loans or assets for eligible countries. Chapter 5: Debt Reduction - Authorizes the President to reduce the amount owed to the United States (as a result of concessional loans made pursuant to the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 or predecessor foreign economic assistance legislation) by any eligible country. Deems debt reductions to be assistance for purposes of provisions of law limiting assistance to a country (waives restrictions on assistance to countries in default on loans to the United States). Sets forth requirements with respect to the exchange of obligations, repayment of principal, and interest on new obligations issued by eligible countries. Encourages the President to consider undertaking the full liquidation of outstanding obligations to the United States for an eligible country if such liquidation will assist in significant progress toward economic reform. Chapter 6: Enterprise for the Americas Accounts - Requires eligible countries that enter into Enterprise for the Americas Agreements to establish Enterprise for the Americas Accounts. Authorizes the President to enter into Enterprise for the Americas Agreements with eligible countries concerning the operation and use of Americas Accounts. Sets forth required contents of such Agreements. Permits grants from an Americas Account to be used only for funding activities that: (1) support local nongovernmental organizations in child health programs; (2) link the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources with local community development; (3) support community-based primary and secondary education programs; and (4) support alternative development programs that seek to reduce dependence on the production of crops from which narcotic and psychotropic drugs are derived. Lists eligible grant recipients. Declares that: (1) the President should encourage other official creditors of eligible countries whose debt is reduced to provide comparable debt reduction to such countries; and (2) the Secretary should encourage private creditors of eligible countries to explore mechanisms for reducing outstanding debts to levels that more accurately reflect the market value of such debts. Chapter 7: Sales, Reductions, or Cancellations of Loans or Assets - Authorizes the President to: (1) sell to any eligible purchaser any loan of an eligible country made pursuant to the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945; (2) sell to any eligible purchaser any asset acquired by the Commodity Credit Corporation in connection with export sales to an eligible country or specified export credit guarantee programs; and (3) reduce or cancel any loans or assets made or acquired before 1991 upon receipt of payment from an eligible purchaser. Permits loans or assets to be sold only to purchasers who present plans to AID for using such loans or assets to engage in debt-for-child survival, debt-for-education, debt-for-equity, debt-for-development, or debt-for-nature swaps. Authorizes loans or assets to be sold, reduced, or canceled only for purposes of facilitating such swaps. Chapter 8: International University for the Americas - Requires the Secretary of State to determine the most appropriate location for the International University for the Americas, an institution to be established for promoting economic integration and the strengthening of democratic institutions in the Western Hemisphere and for commemorating the 500th anniversary of the discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbis. Authorizes appropriations. Chapter 9: Reports - Sets forth annual reporting requirements with respect to this Act. Title VIII: Repeal of Obsolete Provisions - Repeals provisions of specified Acts. Title IX: Multilateral Development Banks - Chapter 1: International Monetary Fund - Amends the Bretton Woods Agreements Act to authorize the U.S. Governor of the International Monetary Fund to consent to: (1) an increase in the U.S. quota in the Fund; and (2) the amendments to the Articles of Agreement of the Fund approved in resolution 45-3 of the Fund's Board of Governors. Authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury to instruct the U.S. Executive Director of the Fund to approve the Fund's pledge to sell a specified amount of the Fund's gold to restore the resources of the Reserve Account of the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust to meet obligations to lenders who have made loans to the Trust for financing programs of members previously in arrears to the Fund. Chapter 2: African Development Fund - Amends the African Development Fund Act to authorize the U.S. Governor of the African Development Fund to contribute a specified amount to the sixth replenishment of the Fund. Authorizes appropriations. Chapter 3: Asian Development Bank - Amends the Asian Development Bank Act to authorize the U.S. Governor of the Asian Development Bank to subscribe to additional shares of the Bank's capital stock. Authorizes appropriations. Title X: Presidential Contingency Fund - Authorizes appropriations to the President for FY 1992 and 1993 for unanticipated contingencies in programs within the International Affairs Budget Function. Title XI: Peace Corps - Amends the Peace Corps Act to: (1) extend authorizations of appropriations for the Peace Corps for FY 1992; (2) establish the Foreign Currency Fluctuations, Peace Corps, Account to pay expenses for Peace Corps operations which exceed appropriations for such expenses as a result of currency exchange rate fluctuations. Authorizes appropriations for such Account. Requires the Director of the Peace Corps to contract with an eligible organization to conduct three evaluations of the health care needs of Peace Corps volunteers and the adequacy of the Peace Corps health care system. Provides for the submission of such evaluations to the Director and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and the House Foreign Affairs Committee. Requires the Director and the Secretary of Labor to report to such committees on: (1) the information provided by the Peace Corps to its volunteers and applicants on the benefits and services to which volunteers or trainees may be entitled in the event they sustain injuries or become disabled during their Peace Corps service or training; (2) the efforts by the Peace Corps and the Department of Labor to coordinate the provision of such information to Peace Corps volunteers and applicants and the processing of claims by volunteers under the Federal Employees Compensation Act (FECA); (3) the number of Peace Corps volunteers and applicants who have filed claims under FECA and the percentage of claims that have been approved; and (4) the timeliness of approvals or denials of such claims. Encourages the Director to continue to develop, assist, and implement education-related programs which enable volunteers to share their volunteer experiences with primary and secondary school students and communities in the United States. Title XII: Effective Date - Provides that this Act shall take effect on October 1, 1991.

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• Introduced in Senate (text)

  Introduced in Senate · EN

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• Indefinitely postponed in Senate

  summary · EN · 26 July 1991

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• Introduced in Senate

  summary · EN · 2 July 1991

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