United States · Bill · S
S. 2281 (99th)
Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986
Introduced
10 April 1986
Last action
—
Status
Passed Senate with amendments by Voice Vote.
Sponsors
—
Subjects
Discovery layer
Source updated
10 August 2026
Summary
Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 - Amends the Federal criminal code to change the scienter requirement from "knowingly" to "intentionally" for certain offenses regarding accessing the computer files of another. Revises the definition of "financial institution" to which the financial record provisions of computer fraud law apply. Applies such provisions to any financial records (including those of corporations and small businesses), not just those of individuals and certain partnerships. Revises the criminal liability of persons who exceed authorized access to Federal computers. (Makes the basic offense trespass. Removes the coverage of authorized accessors who exceed their authorizations, but without "intent to defraud.") Creates new Federal criminal offenses of: (1) property theft by computer occurring as part of a scheme to defraud; (2) altering information in, or preventing the authorized use of, a Federal interest computer; and (3) trafficking in computer access passwords. Eliminates the special conspiracy provisions for computer crimes. (Such conspiracies shall be treated under the general Federal conspiracy statutes.) Amends penalty provisions to remove the cap on fines for certain computer crimes. Exempts authorized law enforcement or intelligence activities.
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Timeline
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Votes
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Versions
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Documents
3 official files
Passed Senate amended
summary · EN · 1 October 1986
Reported to Senate with amendment(s)
summary · EN · 3 September 1986
Introduced in Senate
summary · EN · 10 April 1986
Sponsors
No sponsors or actors listed by the source.
Related records
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Sources
PoliticalRepo is an index and interpretation layer, not the authoritative legal source.
- Official source: https://www.congress.gov/bill/99th-congress/senate-bill/2281
- Open data entity: https://api.congress.gov/v3/bill/99/s/2281