702
Ohvriabi seadus
Introduced
29 September 2022
Last action
14 December 2022 · Accepted
Status
AVALDATUD_RIIGITEATAJAS
Sponsors
Vilja Toomast, Vabariigi Valitsus
Subjects
Discovery layer
Source updated
14 December 2022
Summary
Ohvriabi seaduse (OAS) eelnõu eesmärk on parandada vägivalla, kuriteo või kriisijuhtumi ohvritele osutatavate ohvriabiteenuste kättesaadavust ja kvaliteeti ning muuta kuriteoohvrite hüvitiste taotlemise süsteem ohvrisõbralikumaks. Eelnõuga sätestatakse seni õiguslikult reguleerimata teenused, nende eesmärk ja sisu ning nõuded teenuseosutajale. Kehtivas seaduses puuduvad järgmised, käesolevas eelnõus sätestatud teenused: psühhosotsiaalne abi kriisijuhtumites, seksuaalvägivalla kriisiabi, taastava õiguse teenused ja vägivallast loobumise toetamine. Täpsustatakse neid teenuseid, mis on kehtivas seaduses juba olemas, kuid mille tingimused on kohati ebaselgelt sõnastatud või vastupidi, need on liiga detailsed: inimkaubandusohvrite teenus ja naiste tugikeskuse teenus. Esmakordselt on eelnõus sätestatud psühhosotsiaalse abi andmine. Ohvrite abivajadusele vastamiseks on vajalik laiahaardeline lähenemine, mis sisaldab sotsiaalsete, psühholoogiliste ja emotsionaalsete aspektidega arvestamist ning inimese terviklikku käsitlemist. Psühhosotsiaalse abi tagamine võib sisaldada psühholoogilise esmaabi pakkumist äsja avalikus kohas ründe ohvriks langenud inimesele, pikemat tuge turvatunde taastamisel ja oma elu paika sättimisel perevägivalla ohvrile, aga ka ulatusliku mõjuga kriisijuhtumi korral kümnete inimeste elu mõjutavate protsesside käivitamist. Eelnõuga sõnastatakse kõikide ohvriabiteenuste osutajate kohustus pakkuda püshhosotsiaalset abi. Kehtivas seaduses on ebapiisavalt sätestatud SKA kohustused ohvriabi osutamisel ja korraldamisel. Eelnõu sõnastab ohvriabiteenuste eesmärgi ja sisu ning sätestab SKA ülesanded ohvriabi korraldamisel. Eelnõu kõikides asjakohastes paragrahvides sätestatakse ohvriabi osutamise erisused alaealise ohvri puhul. Kõik nimetatud täpsustused on olulised, et tagada selgus, milliseid teenuseid ja kuidas tuleb osutada, arvestades ka laste vajadusi ja õigusi. Eelnõu eesmärk on anda ka ohvriabi osutamise ühised põhimõttelised alused, mida erinevad vägivallaohvrite õigusi puudutavad direktiivid ja konventsioonid esile toovad. Kehtiv seadus selliseid põhimõtteid ei esita, kuigi ohvri kogetud vägivalla iseloomu ja ohvri esmavajaduste arvestamine, taasohvristamise vältimine, ärakuulamise tagamine, ohvri kaasamine kõikides abistamise etappides jms on ohvri taastumise seisukohalt äärmiselt olulised. Eelnõuga sätestatakse andmete vahetamise õiguslikud alused ohvrile ohvriabi tagamiseks. Praegu jõuab ohvriabisse oluliselt vähem ohvreid kui menetlusse kuritegusid. Eelnõu eesmärk on võtta kõige raskemas olukorras olevatelt ohvritelt kohustus ise aktiivselt abi otsimisega tegeleda. Andmevahetuse alused antakse nii erikohtlemise ja kaitse vajadusega ohvrite, kõrge riskiga perevägivalla ohvrite kui teiste ohvrite, sealhulgas alaealiste puhul. Lisaks sätestatakse konfidentsiaalsuskohustus, st ohvriabi osutamisel teatavaks saanud andmed ohvri ja vägivalla toimepanija kohta peavad olema hoitud. Olulisel kohal eelnõus on sätestada ohvriabi osutajate hariduse ja täiendkoolituse nõuded, mille eesmärk on tagada, et haavatavas olukorras ohvritega töötaksid asjakohase ettevalmistuse saanud spetsialistid. Eelnõu eesmärk on lisaks eeltoodule tagada traumast taastumist toetav vaimse tervise abi (kehtivas seaduses sõnastatud kui psühholoogilise abi kulu hüvitis) ka nendele seksuaalvägivalla ja perevägivalla ohvritele ning nende lastele, kellega juhtunu suhtes ei ole menetlust alustatud asitõendite puudumise, kuriteo aegumise vm tõttu, kuid kelle abivajadus on säilinud ja kogetud trauma takistab eluga edasi minekut. Vägivallakuriteo ohvritele makstava hüvitise osas on eesmärk muuta hüvitis kättesaadavamaks ja taotlemine kasutajasõbralikumaks. Selleks muudetakse hüvitise arvutamise põhimõtteid. Kehtiva seadusega võrreldes ei arvestata edaspidi hüvitisest maha riiklikke toetusi (kohaliku omavalitsuse makstav matusetoetus, toitjakaotuspension, töövõimetoetus), tööealistel ohvritel ei ole vaja läbida töövõime hindamist Töötukassas, teatud juhtudel ei ole vaja kuludokumente esitada.
This text is taken from the official record. PoliticalRepo does not editorialize.
Timeline
29 September 2022
AVALDATUD_RIIGITEATAJAS
Source: SE
14 December 2022
Accepted
Votes
No vote records are attached yet.
Versions
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Documents
30 official files
Lõpptekst parandusega
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Lõpptekst parandusega
docx · ET · 4 January 2023
Lõpptekst parandusega asice
asice · ET · 4 January 2023
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Vastuvõetud seadus parandusega
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Teatis vea parandamiseks
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Lõpptekst
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Lõpptekst asice
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Vabariigi Presidendi otsus
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Vabariigi Presidendi otsus asice
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Vastuvõetud seadus asice
asice · ET · 16 December 2022
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Kaaskiri Vabariigi Presidendile
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Eelnõu
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Muudatusettepanekute loetelu
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EIS teade
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Algtekstid asice
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Sponsors
- Vilja Toomast · plenary-member
- Vabariigi Valitsus · Vabariigi Valitsus · Initiator
Related records
No cross-record relationships stored yet.
Related across the Repo ecosystem
Direct relationships are identifier-backed. Topic context means shared TopicMembership — not a citation and not causation.
Direct relationships
- Legal framework · Ohvriabi seadus · 702 · EE
- Identifier matchPROJECTS_FROM
Same estonia record 60f3902f-47aa-43c5-b28f-88101027e454 projected from PoliticalRepo EE row.
Sources
PoliticalRepo is an index and interpretation layer, not the authoritative legal source.
- Official source: https://www.riigikogu.ee/tegevus/eelnoud/60f3902f-47aa-43c5-b28f-88101027e454/
- Open data entity: https://api.riigikogu.ee/api/volumes/60f3902f-47aa-43c5-b28f-88101027e454
- estonia · 60f3902f-47aa-43c5-b28f-88101027e454 · source updated 14 December 2022