831
Välismaalasele rahvusvahelise kaitse andmise seadus
Introduced
23 February 2026
Last action
18 May 2026 · Accepted
Status
AVALDATUD_RIIGITEATAJAS
Sponsors
Katrin Kuusemäe, Vabariigi Valitsus
Subjects
Discovery layer
Source updated
18 May 2026
Summary
Seadust muudetakse, et võtta Eesti õigusesse üle Euroopa Liidu rahvusvahelise kaitse- ja rändehalduse reform ehk ELi ühise varjupaigasüsteemi uuendatud õigusaktid. Reformi põhieesmärgid on kindlamalt kaitstud ELi välispiir, kiirem rahvusvahelise kaitse ja tagasisaatmise menetlus, liikmesriikide vahel toimiv ja tasakaalustatud solidaarsusmehhanism. Muudatuste suure mahu tõttu on koostatud uus välismaalasele rahvusvahelise kaitse andmise seaduse terviktekst ning kehtiv seadus tunnistatakse kehtetuks. Eelnõu jõustumisel muutub rahvusvahelise kaitse menetlus Eestis kiiremaks, õiglasemaks ja läbipaistvamaks. Samal ajal muutub ELi varjupaigasüsteemi kuritarvitamine oluliselt raskemaks. Eelnõu seadusena jõustumisel paraneb kontroll sisserände üle ning ebaseaduslik sisenemine ELi välispiirilt ja loata liikumine Schengeni alal muutub keerulisemaks. Piirimenetluse rakendamine lubab teha otsuseid juba piiril, taotlejal ei teki menetluse ajal Eestis viibimise õigust ning kaitse andmata jätmise korral on võimalik inimene kiiresti tagasi saata. Menetlused muutuvad ELis ühtsemaks. Liikmesriigid hakkavad vastastikku tunnustama üksteise toiminguid, mis välistab olukorra, kus isik, kellele on näiteks Saksamaal kaitse andmisest keeldutud, saab uue menetluse Eestis. Samuti luuakse ELi-ülene rändeinfosüsteem (Eurodac), mille kaudu kogutakse ja vahetatakse rohkem andmeid. Varjupaigataotlejate kohustused täpsustuvad ning nende täitmata jätmisel on tagajärjed. Näiteks on võimalik piirata liikumisvabadust (sh kohustus elada kindlaksmääratud kohas või regulaarselt registreeruda), mis on Eestis juba kasutusel ja muutub nüüd ELi-üleselt ühtsemaks. See vähendab loata liikumist liikmesriikide vahel. Taotlejate õigused on samal ajal paremini tagatud. Taotlejatel tekib õigus tasuta õigusabile juba menetluse algul, mis aitab kaitsta nende huve ja võib vähendada hilisemaid kohtuvaidlusi. Lisaks käivitub solidaarsusmehhanism, mille kaudu liikmesriigid saavad rändesurve korral üksteist toetada. See tähendab kas rahalist panust, ekspertide ja tehnika lähetamist või vajadusel inimeste ümberpaigutamist. Eesti saab igakordselt otsustada, millisel viisil panustada. Juba varasemalt on valitsus võtnud vastu seisukoha, et Eestisse inimesi ümber ei paigutata.
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Timeline
23 February 2026
AVALDATUD_RIIGITEATAJAS
Source: SE
18 May 2026
Accepted
Votes
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Documents
41 official files
Parandatud lõpptekst
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Parandatud lõpptekst
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Parandatud lõpptekst asice
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Vastuvõetud seadus parandusega
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Lõpptekst
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Vabariigi Presidendi otsus
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Vabariigi Presidendi otsus asice
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Vastuvõetud seadus asice
asice · ET · 18 May 2026
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Kaaskiri Vabariigi Presidendile
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Vastuvõetud seadus
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Seletuskirja lisa 6 (kooskõlastustabel)
docx · ET · 17 March 2026
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Seletuskirja lisa 5 (rakendusaktide kavandid)
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Seletuskirja lisa 3 (vastavustabel)
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Seletuskirja lisa 6 (kooskõlastustabel) pdf
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Seletuskirja lisa 3 (vastavustabel) pdf
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EIS teade
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Sponsors
- Katrin Kuusemäe · plenary-member
- Vabariigi Valitsus · Vabariigi Valitsus · Initiator
Related records
No cross-record relationships stored yet.
Related across the Repo ecosystem
Direct relationships are identifier-backed. Topic context means shared TopicMembership — not a citation and not causation.
Direct relationships
- Legal framework · Välismaalasele rahvusvahelise kaitse andmise seadus · 831 · EE
- Identifier matchPROJECTS_FROM
Same estonia record 106613d7-8ba8-4a99-af92-b53a6fea7a3a projected from PoliticalRepo EE row.
Sources
PoliticalRepo is an index and interpretation layer, not the authoritative legal source.
- Official source: https://www.riigikogu.ee/tegevus/eelnoud/106613d7-8ba8-4a99-af92-b53a6fea7a3a/
- Open data entity: https://api.riigikogu.ee/api/volumes/106613d7-8ba8-4a99-af92-b53a6fea7a3a
- estonia · 106613d7-8ba8-4a99-af92-b53a6fea7a3a · source updated 18 May 2026