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CELEX 62024CJ0136

Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 18 December 2025.#Alaa Hamoudi v European Border and Coast Guard Agency.#Appeal – Common policy on asylum and immigration – Regulation (EU) 2019/1896 – European integrated management of the European Union’s external borders – European Border and Coast Guard – European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) – Frontex’s obligations relating to the protection of fundamental rights – Practices of pushback to a third country in the Aegean Sea region – Non-contractual liability of Frontex – Actual and certain damage – Burden of proof – Effective judicial protection – Prima facie evidence – Duty of the General Court of the European Union to investigate the case.#Case C-136/24 P.

decidedEuropean Union· Court of Justice of the European Union· EN

Introduced

18 December 2025

Last action

18 December 2025 · Decided

Status

decided

Sponsors

—

Subjects

Asylum, European Union

Source updated

18 December 2025

Asylum · European Union

Records

Official record CELEX 62024CJ0136 from European Union at Court of Justice of the European Union. Dated 18 December 2025. Status: decided.

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  1. 18 December 2025

    Decided

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24 official files

Breithiúnas na Cúirte (Mór-Dhlísheomra) 2025 Nollaig 18.#Alaa Hamoudi v an Ghníomhaireacht Eorpach um an nGarda Teorann agus Cósta.#Achomharc – Comhbheartas maidir le tearmann agus inimirce – Rialachán (AE) 2019/1896 – Bainistiú comhtháite teorainneacha san Eoraip maidir le teorainneacha seachtracha an Aontais Eorpaigh – An Garda Teorann agus Cósta Eorpach – An Ghníomhaireacht Eorpach um an nGarda Teorann agus Cósta (Frontex) – Oibleagáidí Frontex maidir le cosaint na gceart bunúsach – Cleachtais maidir le brú siar (pushback) chuig tríú tír i réigiún na Mara Aeigéiche – Dliteanas neamhchonarthach Frontex – Damáiste iarbhír agus áirithe – Dualgas cruthúnais – Cosaint dlí éifeachtach – Fianaise prima facie – Oibleagáid Chúirt Ghinearálta an Aontais Eorpaigh an cás a imscrúdú.#Cás C-136/24 P.

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  • Breithiúnas na Cúirte (Mór-Dhlísheomra) 2025 Nollaig 18.#Alaa Hamoudi v an Ghníomhaireacht Eorpach um an nGarda Teorann agus Cósta.#Achomharc – Comhbheartas maidir le tearmann agus inimirce – Rialachán (AE) 2019/1896 – Bainistiú comhtháite teorainneacha san Eoraip maidir le teorainneacha seachtracha an Aontais Eorpaigh – An Garda Teorann agus Cósta Eorpach – An Ghníomhaireacht Eorpach um an nGarda Teorann agus Cósta (Frontex) – Oibleagáidí Frontex maidir le cosaint na gceart bunúsach – Cleachtais maidir le brú siar (pushback) chuig tríú tír i réigiún na Mara Aeigéiche – Dliteanas neamhchonarthach Frontex – Damáiste iarbhír agus áirithe – Dualgas cruthúnais – Cosaint dlí éifeachtach – Fianaise prima facie – Oibleagáid Chúirt Ghinearálta an Aontais Eorpaigh an cás a imscrúdú.#Cás C-136/24 P.

    judgment · GA · 18 December 2025

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  • Domstolens dom (stora avdelningen) av den 18 december 2025.#Alaa Hamoudi mot Europeiska gräns- och kustbevakningsbyrån (Frontex).#Överklagande – Gemensam asyl- och invandringspolitik – Förordning (EU) 2019/1896 – Europeisk integrerad förvaltning av EU:s yttre gränser – Europeiska gräns- och kustbevakningen – Europeiska gräns- och kustbevakningsbyrån (Frontex) – Frontex skyldigheter i fråga om skydd av grundläggande rättigheter – Migranter har vid en så kallad pushback-insats avvisats utan individuell prövning till ett tredjeland i regionen vid Egeiska havet – Frontex utomobligatoriska skadeståndsansvar – Faktisk och säker skada – Bevisbörda – Effektivt domstolsskydd – Prima facie-bevis – Tribunalens utredningsskyldighet.#Mål C-136/24 P.

    judgment · SV · 18 December 2025

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  • Sodba Sodišča (veliki senat) z dne 18. decembra 2025.#Alaa Hamoudi proti Evropski agenciji za mejno in obalno stražo.#Pritožba – Skupna politika na področju azila in priseljevanja – Uredba (EU) 2019/1896 – Evropsko integrirano upravljanje zunanjih meja Evropske unije – Evropska mejna in obalna straža – Evropska agencija za mejno in obalno stražo (Frontex) – Obveznosti agencije Frontex na področju varstva temeljnih pravic – Prakse nezakonitega vračanja (pushback) v tretjo državo na območju Egejskega morja – Nepogodbena odgovornost agencije Frontex – Dejanska in gotova škoda – Dokazno breme – Učinkovito sodno varstvo – Dokaz prima facie – Obveznost Splošnega sodišča Evropske unije, da preuči zadevo.#Zadeva C-136/24 P.

    judgment · SL · 18 December 2025

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  • Rozsudok Súdneho dvora (veľká komora) z 18. decembra 2025.#Alaa Hamoudi v. Európska agentúra pre pohraničnú a pobrežnú stráž.#Odvolanie – Spoločná politika v oblasti azylu a prisťahovalectva – Nariadenie (EÚ) 2019/1896 – Európske integrované riadenie hraníc na vonkajších hraniciach Európskej únie – Európska pohraničná a pobrežná stráž – Európska agentúra pre pohraničnú a pobrežnú stráž (Frontex) – Povinnosti, ktoré má Frontex v oblasti ochrany základných práv – Praktiky okamžitého núteného návratu (,pushback‘) do tretej krajiny v regióne Egejského mora – Mimozmluvná zodpovednosť agentúry Frontex – Skutočná a určitá škoda – Dôkazné bremeno – Účinná súdna ochrana – Dôkaz prima facie – Povinnosť Všeobecného súdu Európskej únie prešetriť vec.#Vec C-136/24 P.

    judgment · SK · 18 December 2025

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  • Hotărârea Curții (Marea Cameră) din 18 decembrie 2025.#Alaa Hamoudi împotriva Agenției Europene pentru Poliția de Frontieră și Garda de Coastă.#Recurs – Politica comună în materie de azil și imigrare – Regulamentul (UE) 2019/1896 – Gestionarea europeană integrată a frontierelor externe ale Uniunii – Poliția de frontieră și garda de coastă la nivel european – Agenția Europeană pentru Poliția de Frontieră și Garda de Coastă (Frontex) – Obligațiile care revin Frontex în materie de protecție a drepturilor fundamentale – Practici de trimitere înapoi sumară (pushback) către o țară terță în regiunea Mării Egee – Răspunderea extracontractuală a Frontex – Prejudiciu real și cert – Sarcina probei – Protecție jurisdicțională efectivă – Început de dovadă – Obligația Tribunalului Uniunii Europene de a efectua cercetarea judecătorească în cauză.#Cauza C-136/24 P.

    judgment · RO · 18 December 2025

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  • Arrest van het Hof (Grote kamer) van 18 december 2025.#Alaa Hamoudi tegen Europees Grens- en kustwachtagentschap (Frontex).#Hogere voorziening – Gemeenschappelijk asiel- en immigratiebeleid – Verordening (EU) 2019/1896 – Europees geïntegreerd beheer van de buitengrenzen van de Europese Unie – Europese grens- en kustwacht – Europees Grens- en kustwachtagentschap (Frontex) – Op Frontex rustende verplichtingen inzake de bescherming van grondrechten – Pushback-praktijken naar een derde land in de Egeïsche Zee – Niet-contractuele aansprakelijkheid van Frontex – Reële en zekere schade – Bewijslast – Effectieve rechterlijke bescherming – Prima-faciebewijs – Verplichting van het Gerecht om de zaak te onderzoeken.#Zaak C-136/24 P.

    judgment · NL · 18 December 2025

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  • Tiesas spriedums (virspalāta), 2025. gada 18. decembris.#Alaa Hamoudi pret Eiropas Robežu un krasta apsardzes aģentūru (Frontex).#Apelācija – Kopējā patvēruma un imigrācijas politika – Regula (ES) 2019/1896 – Eiropas integrētā robežu pārvaldība pie Eiropas Savienības ārējām robežām – Eiropas Robežu un krasta apsardze – Eiropas Robežu un krasta apsardzes aģentūra (Frontex) – Frontex pienākumi pamattiesību aizsardzības jomā – Atpakaļraidīšanas (pushback) uz trešo valsti prakse Egejas jūras reģionā – Frontex ārpuslīgumiskā atbildība – Reāls un droši zināms kaitējums – Pierādīšanas pienākums – Efektīva tiesību aizsardzība tiesā – Pirmšķietami pierādījumi – Eiropas Savienības Vispārējās tiesas pienākums iztiesāt lietu.#Lieta C-136/24 P.

    judgment · LV · 18 December 2025

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  • 2025 m. gruodžio 18 d. Teisingumo Teismo (didžioji kolegija) sprendimas.#Alaa Hamoudi prieš Europos sienų ir pakrančių apsaugos agentūra.#Apeliacinis skundas – Bendroji prieglobsčio ir imigracijos politika – Reglamentas (ES) 2019/1896 – Europos Sąjungos išorės sienų integruotas valdymas – Europos sienų ir pakrančių apsaugos pajėgos – Europos sienų ir pakrančių apsaugos agentūra (Frontex) – Frontex pareigos užtikrinti pagrindinių teisių apsaugą – Priverstinio apgręžimo („pushback“) į trečiąją valstybę Egėjo jūros regione praktika – Frontex deliktinė atsakomybė – Reali ir tikra žala – Įrodinėjimo pareiga – Veiksminga teisminė gynyba – Prima facie įrodymas – Europos Sąjungos Bendrojo Teismo pareiga ištirti bylą.#Byla C-136/24 P.

    judgment · LT · 18 December 2025

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  • Sentenza della Corte (Grande Sezione) del 18 dicembre 2025.#Alaa Hamoudi contro Agenzia europea della guardia di frontiera e costiera.#Impugnazione – Politica comune in materia di asilo e di immigrazione – Regolamento (UE) 2019/1896 – Gestione europea integrata delle frontiere esterne dell’Unione europea – Guardia di frontiera e costiera europea – Agenzia europea della guardia di frontiera e costiera (Frontex) – Obblighi di Frontex in materia di protezione dei diritti fondamentali – Pratiche di respingimento sommario (pushback) verso un paese terzo nella regione del Mar Egeo – Responsabilità extracontrattuale di Frontex – Danno reale e certo – Onere della prova – Tutela giurisdizionale effettiva – Principio di prova – Obbligo del Tribunale dell’Unione europea di istruire la causa.#Causa C-136/24 P.

    judgment · IT · 18 December 2025

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  • Presuda Suda (veliko vijeće) od 18. prosinca 2025.#Alaa Hamoudi protiv Agencije za europsku graničnu i obalnu stražu (Frontex).#Žalba – Zajednička politika u području azila i imigracije – Uredba (EU) 2019/1896 – Europsko integrirano upravljanje vanjskim granicama Europske unije – Europska granična i obalna straža – Agencija za europsku graničnu i obalnu stražu (Frontex) – Frontexove obveze u pogledu zaštite temeljnih prava – Prakse odgurivanja (pushback) u treću zemlju u regiji Egejskog mora – Frontexova izvanugovorna odgovornost – Stvarna i izvjesna šteta – Teret dokazivanja – Djelotvorna sudska zaštita – Prima facie dokaz – Obveza Općeg suda Europske unije da istraži predmet.#Predmet C-136/24 P.

    judgment · HR · 18 December 2025

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  • Unionin tuomioistuimen tuomio (suuri jaosto) 18.12.2025.#Alaa Hamoudi vastaan Euroopan raja- ja merivartiovirasto (Frontex).#Muutoksenhaku – Yhteinen turvapaikka- ja maahanmuuttopolitiikka – Asetus (EU) 2019/1896 – Euroopan yhdennetty rajaturvallisuus Euroopan unionin ulkorajoilla – Eurooppalainen raja- ja merivartiosto – Euroopan raja- ja merivartiovirasto (Frontex) – Perusoikeuksien suojaamista koskevat Frontexin velvollisuudet – Kolmanteen maahan suuntautuvat pushback-käännytysten käytännöt Egeanmeren alueella – Sopimussuhteen ulkopuolinen Frontexin vastuu – Todellinen ja varma vahinko – Todistustaakka – Tehokas oikeussuoja – Alustava näyttö – Unionin yleisen tuomioistuimen velvollisuus selvittää asia.#Asia C-136/24 P.

    judgment · FI · 18 December 2025

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  • Sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia (Gran Sala) de 18 de diciembre de 2025.#Alaa Hamoudi contra Agencia Europea de la Guardia de Fronteras y Costas.#Recurso de casación — Política común en materia de asilo e inmigración — Reglamento (UE) 2019/1896 — Gestión europea integrada de las fronteras exteriores de la Unión Europea — Guardia Europea de Fronteras y Costas — Agencia Europea de la Guardia de Fronteras y Costas (Frontex) — Obligaciones que incumben a Frontex en materia de protección de los derechos fundamentales — Prácticas de devolución sumaria (pushback) a un tercer país en la región del mar Egeo — Responsabilidad extracontractual de Frontex — Perjuicio real y cierto — Carga de la prueba — Tutela judicial efectiva — Indicios razonables — Obligación del Tribunal General de instruir el asunto.#Asunto C-136/24 P.

    judgment · ES · 18 December 2025

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  • Urteil des Gerichtshofs (Große Kammer) vom 18. Dezember 2025.#Alaa Hamoudi gegen Europäische Agentur für die Grenz- und Küstenwache.#Rechtsmittel – Gemeinsame Politik im Bereich Asyl und Einwanderung – Verordnung (EU) 2019/1896 – Integrierte europäische Verwaltung der Außengrenzen der Europäischen Union – Europäische Grenz- und Küstenwache – Europäische Agentur für die Grenz- und Küstenwache (Frontex) – Verpflichtungen von Frontex im Bereich des Schutzes der Grundrechte – Praktiken der pauschalen Zurückschiebung (Pushback) in ein Drittland in der Region des Ägäischen Meeres – Außervertragliche Haftung von Frontex – Tatsächlicher und sicherer Schaden – Beweislast – Wirksamer gerichtlicher Rechtsschutz – Anfangsbeweis – Verpflichtung des Gerichts der Europäischen Union, die Rechtssache zu prüfen.#Rechtssache C-136/24 P.

    judgment · DE · 18 December 2025

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  • Domstolens dom (Store Afdeling) af 18. december 2025.#Alaa Hamoudi mod Det Europæiske Agentur for Grænsebevogtning (Frontex).#Appel – fælles asyl- og indvandringspolitik – forordning (EU) 2019/1896 – integreret europæisk forvaltning af Den Europæiske Unions ydre grænser – den europæiske grænse- og kystvagt – Det Europæiske Agentur for Grænse- og Kystbevogtning (Frontex) – forpligtelser, der påhviler Frontex med hensyn til beskyttelse af grundlæggende rettigheder – praksis med summarisk tilbagesendelse (pushback) til et tredjeland i området ved Det Ægæiske Hav – Frontex’ ansvar uden for kontraktforhold – faktisk og reel skade – bevisbyrde – effektiv retsbeskyttelse – bevismateriale, som umiddelbart forekommer overbevisende – Den Europæiske Unions Rets forpligtelse til at undersøge sagen.#Sag C-136/24 P.

    judgment · DA · 18 December 2025

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  • Rozsudek Soudního dvora (velkého senátu) ze dne 18. prosince 2025.#Alaa Hamoudi v. Evropská pohraniční a pobřežní stráž (Frontex).#Kasační opravný prostředek – Společná politika v oblasti azylu a přistěhovalectví – Nařízení (EU) 2019/1896 – Evropská integrovaná správa hranic na vnějších hranicích Evropské unie – Evropská pohraniční a pobřežní stráž – Evropská agentura pro pohraniční a pobřežní stráž (Frontex) – Povinnosti agentury Frontex v oblasti ochrany základních práv – Praktiky nuceného navracení (pushback/vytlačování) do třetí země v regionu Egejského moře – Mimosmluvní odpovědnost agentury Frontex – Skutečná a určitá újma – Důkazní břemeno – Účinná soudní ochrana – Prima facie důkazy – Povinnost Tribunálu Evropské unie věc projednat.#Věc C-136/24 P.

    judgment · CS · 18 December 2025

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  • Решение на Съда (голям състав) от 18 декември 2025 г.#Alaa Hamoudi срещу Европейска агенция за гранична и брегова охрана.#Обжалване — Обща политика в областта на убежището и имиграцията — Регламент (ЕС) 2019/1896 — Европейско интегрирано управление на външните граници на Европейския съюз — Европейска гранична и брегова охрана — Европейска агенция за гранична и брегова охрана (Frontex) — Задължение на Frontex в областта на защитата на основните права — Практики на отблъскване (pushback) към трети държави в района на Егейско море — Извъндоговорна отговорност на Frontex — Действителна и сигурна вреда — Тежест на доказване — Ефективна съдебна защита — Начало на доказателство — Задължение на Общия съд на Европейския съюз да събере доказателства по делото.#Дело C-136/24 P.

    judgment · BG · 18 December 2025

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  • Arrêt de la Cour (grande chambre) du 18 décembre 2025.#Alaa Hamoudi contre Agence européenne de garde-frontières et de garde-côtes (Frontex).#Pourvoi – Politique commune en matière d’asile et d’immigration – Règlement (UE) 2019/1896 – Gestion européenne intégrée des frontières extérieures de l’Union européenne – Corps européen de garde-frontières et de garde-côtes – Agence européenne de garde-frontières et de garde-côtes (Frontex) – Obligations incombant à Frontex en matière de protection des droits fondamentaux – Pratiques de renvoi sommaire (pushback) vers un pays tiers dans la région de la mer Égée – Responsabilité extracontractuelle de Frontex – Préjudice réel et certain – Charge de la preuve – Protection juridictionnelle effective – Commencement de preuve – Obligation du Tribunal de l’Union européenne d’instruire l’affaire.#Affaire C-136/24 P.

    judgment · FR · 18 December 2025

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  • Wyrok Trybunału (wielka izba) z dnia 18 grudnia 2025 r.#Alaa Hamoudi przeciwko Europejskiej Agencji Straży Granicznej i Przybrzeżnej (Frontex).#Odwołanie – Wspólna polityka w dziedzinie azylu i imigracji – Rozporządzenie (UE) 2019/1896 – Europejskie zintegrowane zarządzanie granicami zewnętrznymi Unii Europejskiej – Europejska Straż Graniczna i Przybrzeżna – Europejska Agencja Straży Granicznej i Przybrzeżnej (Frontex) – Zobowiązania ciążące na Frontexie w zakresie ochrony praw podstawowych – Praktyki polegające na uproszczonym odsyłaniu (pushback) do państwa trzeciego w regionie Morza Egejskiego – Odpowiedzialność pozaumowna Frontexu – Rzeczywista i pewna szkoda – Ciężar dowodu – Skuteczna ochrona sądowa – Uprawdopodobnienie – Ciążący na Sądzie Unii Europejskiej obowiązek zbadania sprawy.#Sprawa C-136/24 P.

    judgment · PL · 18 December 2025

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  • Acórdão do Tribunal de Justiça (Grande Secção) de 18 de dezembro de 2025.#Alaa Hamoudi contra Agência Europeia da Guarda de Fronteiras e Costeira.#Recurso de decisão do Tribunal Geral — Política comum em matéria de imigração e de asilo — Regulamento (UE) 2019/1896 — Gestão europeia integrada das fronteiras externas da União Europeia — Guarda Europeia de Fronteiras e Costeira — Agência Europeia da Guarda de Fronteiras e Costeira (Frontex) — Obrigações da Frontex em matéria de proteção dos direitos fundamentais — Práticas de retorno forçado (pushback) para um país terceiro na região do mar Egeu — Responsabilidade extracontratual da Frontex — Danos reais e certos — Ónus da prova — Tutela jurisdicional efetiva — Prova prima facie — Obrigação de o Tribunal Geral da União Europeia examinar o processo.#Processo C-136/24 P.

    judgment · PT · 18 December 2025

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  • Euroopa Kohtu otsus (suurkoda), 18.12.2025.#Alaa Hamoudi versus Euroopa Piiri- ja Rannikuvalve Amet.#Apellatsioonkaebus – Ühine varjupaiga- ja sisserändepoliitika – Määrus (EL) 2019/1896 – Euroopa Liidu välispiiride integreeritud haldamine – Euroopa piiri- ja rannikuvalve – Euroopa Piiri- ja Rannikuvalve Amet (Frontex) – Frontexi kohustused põhiõiguste kaitsmisel – Kolmandasse riiki tagasitõrjumise (pushback) praktika Egeuse mere piirkonnas – Frontexi lepinguväline vastutus – Tegelik ja kindel kahju – Tõendamiskoormis – Tõhus kohtulik kaitse – Prima facie tõend – Euroopa Liidu Üldkohtu kohustus teha kohtuasjas menetlustoiminguid.#Kohtuasi C-136/24 P.

    judgment · ET · 18 December 2025

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  • Sentenza tal-Qorti tal-Ġustizzja (Awla Manja) tat-18 ta’ Diċembru 2025.#Alaa Hamoudi vs L-Aġenzija Ewropea għall-Gwardja tal-Fruntiera u tal-Kosta.#Appell – Politika komuni dwar l-ażil u l-immigrazzjoni – Regolament (UE) 2019/1896 – Ġestjoni integrata Ewropea tal-fruntieri esterni tal-Unjoni Ewropea – Gwardja Ewropea tal-Fruntiera u tal-Kosta – Aġenzija Ewropea għall-Gwardja tal-Fruntiera u tal-Kosta (Frontex) – Obbligi tal-Frontex dwar il-protezzjoni tad-drittijiet fundamentali – Prattiki ta’ pushback lejn pajjiż terz fir-reġjun tal-Baħar Eġew – Responsabbiltà mhux kuntrattwali tal-Frontex – Dannu reali u ċert – Oneru tal-prova – Protezzjoni ġudizzjarja effettiva – Prova prima facie – Obbligu tal-Qorti Ġenerali tal-Unjoni Ewropea li twettaq l-istruttorja tal-kawża.#Kawża C-136/24 P.

    judgment · MT · 18 December 2025

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  • A Bíróság ítélete (nagytanács), 2025. december 18.#Alaa Hamoudi kontra Európai Határ- és Partvédelmi Ügynökség.#Fellebbezés – Közös menekültügyi és bevándorlási politika – (EU) 2019/1896 rendelet – Európai integrált határigazgatás az Európai Unió külső határain – Európai Határ‑ és Parti Őrség – Európai Határ‑ és Partvédelmi Ügynökség (Frontex) – Az alapvető jogok védelme területén a Frontexet terhelő kötelezettségek – Harmadik országba történő azonnali visszaküldésre (pushback) irányuló gyakorlat az Égei‑tenger térségében – A Frontex szerződésen kívüli felelőssége – Tényleges és biztos kár – Bizonyítási teher – Hatékony bírói jogvédelem – Bizonyítékkezdemény – Az Európai Unió Törvényszékének az ügy vizsgálatára vonatkozó kötelezettsége.#C-136/24. P. sz. ügy.

    judgment · HU · 18 December 2025

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  • Απόφαση του Δικαστηρίου (τμήμα μείζονος συνθέσεως) της 18ης Δεκεμβρίου 2025.#Alaa Hamoudi κατά Ευρωπαϊκής Συνοριοφυλακής και Ακτοφυλακής.#Αίτηση αναιρέσεως – Κοινή πολιτική στον τομέα του ασύλου και της μετανάστευσης – Κανονισμός (ΕΕ) 2019/1896 – Ευρωπαϊκή ολοκληρωμένη διαχείριση των εξωτερικών συνόρων της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης – Ευρωπαϊκή Συνοριοφυλακή και Ακτοφυλακή – Ευρωπαϊκός Οργανισμός Συνοριοφυλακής και Ακτοφυλακής (Frontex) – Υποχρεώσεις τις οποίες υπέχει ο Frontex στον τομέα της προστασίας των θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων – Πρακτικές συνοπτικής επαναπροωθήσεως (pushback) προς τρίτη χώρα στο Αιγαίο Πέλαγος – Εξωσυμβατική ευθύνη του Frontex – Πραγματική και βεβαία ζημία – Βάρος αποδείξεως – Αποτελεσματική δικαστική προστασία – Αρχή αποδείξεως – Υποχρέωση του Γενικού Δικαστηρίου της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης να διερευνήσει την υπόθεση.#Υπόθεση C-136/24 P.

    judgment · EL · 18 December 2025

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  • Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 18 December 2025.#Alaa Hamoudi v European Border and Coast Guard Agency.#Appeal – Common policy on asylum and immigration – Regulation (EU) 2019/1896 – European integrated management of the European Union’s external borders – European Border and Coast Guard – European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) – Frontex’s obligations relating to the protection of fundamental rights – Practices of pushback to a third country in the Aegean Sea region – Non-contractual liability of Frontex – Actual and certain damage – Burden of proof – Effective judicial protection – Prima facie evidence – Duty of the General Court of the European Union to investigate the case.#Case C-136/24 P.

    judgment · EN · 18 December 2025

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