Question 11022 — energy and fuels

Summary

Ms. Emmanuelle Ménard draws the attention of the Minister of State, Minister of Ecological and Inclusive Transition, to the impact of wind turbines in different areas. First of all, in health, where studies are increasingly numerous and precise. At the end of her research, Doctor Nina Pierpont defined “wind syndrome”. It manifests itself through a certain number of symptoms: sleep disorders, headaches, tinnitus, dizziness, tachycardia, anxiety. Concerning biodiversity, numerous studies have proven that wind turbines are not without effect on the increase in the mortality of various animal species. Birds are particularly affected by the development of wind farms which disrupt migratory corridors as well as special protection zones. According to Geoffroy Marx (renewable energies and biodiversity at LPO), as the scaring devices have not yet shown convincing results, the most effective would, according to him, be “to keep future wind turbines away from special protection zones and areas of concern, in particular the nesting places of birds of prey”. Bats, heavily affected, are not only victims of direct collisions with the machine but also sudden changes in air pressure at proximity of the wind turbine blades. Offshore wind turbines also disrupt maritime flora and fauna. Dr Gill, a specialist in aquatic ecology, says that “the construction and dismantling of the facilities are likely to cause significant physical nuisance affecting the local environment”. Environmental heritage is also not spared by the proliferation of increasingly wind turbines. large. Many projects aimed at implementing them have been cancelled, like a wind farm permit in Lozère for damaging the landscape. These wind turbines constitute a real visual pollution as soon as they are located near classified and protected sites. Economically, wind turbines are also a source of concern since they place France in a state of dependence. They are partly composed of “land rare”, of which China has a virtual monopoly since it today concentrates 95% of world production, while it only holds 36% of natural reserves. The non-recyclable nature of certain materials used during the construction of wind turbines also poses environmental problems. The extraction and separation processes of certain components require high consumption of energy, products chemicals and water, which can cause health disasters. She therefore asks him what measures he intends to take to compensate for the various negative effects caused by onshore and offshore wind turbines.

Machine translation from French. The official text remains authoritative.

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