Question 9759 — commerce and crafts

Summary

French crafts are numerous. Thus, the list of artistic professions, drawn up in the decree of December 24, 2015, necessary for the Chambers of Trades and Crafts for the registration of artisans in the directory of professions, includes more than 280. In addition, in 2016, the law reaffirmed the diversity of exercise of these professions. Indeed, professionals in the arts and crafts can be craftsmen, employees, professionals liberals, civil servants or artist authors. Furthermore, professionals in the arts and crafts who work as artisans, as managers or employees of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) or mid-sized companies are not found in a single economic sector, but in many sectors of activity (luxury, architecture, heritage, performing arts, etc.). Professionals in the arts and crafts practice also in many professional branches such as construction and public works, furniture, leather, textiles, ceramics, glass, etc. However, the professional branches, integrated and vertical, take into account all company sizes and the dividing line does indeed exist between industrial companies and craft companies. The law also imposes on professional branches the management of training professional. In the arts and crafts, training essentially focuses on the transmission of technical craft know-how. A professional branch which brings together all the players in a sector has the capacity to pool its resources and offer training which meets the specific needs of the entire sector. Thus, the jewelry sector has created five professional qualification certificates (polisher, setter, jeweler, digital designer and gemologist), because she alone best masters the training challenges of her sector. Furthermore, training in different artistic professions is not only the responsibility of professional branches, but also of State services (Ministry of National Education, Ministry of Culture) and consular chambers (Chambers of Trades and Crafts and Chambers of Commerce and industry), who are very attentive to the preservation and transmission of French artisanal know-how. In addition, tax measures adapted to crafts already exist, such as the crafts tax credit, extended until 2019, and extended to heritage restorers in 2017. The rapprochement of conventional fields, initiated by the laws of March 5, 2014, August 17, 2015 and August 8, 2016, does not fall within the scope of competence of the Ministry of Culture, but of the responsibility of the professional and trade union organizations of the branches concerned. The spirit of the law of August 8, 2016 is, in fact, to encourage social partners to take ownership of the process of restructuring the conventional landscape. The Ministry of Labor only intervenes, by subsidiarity, in the absence of voluntary reconciliations according to alternative criteria defined by the law and specified by a decree of November 15, 2016 (number of employees, geographical application only regional, absence of conventional activity over the last 15 years). Due to the low number of employees, the arts professions being mainly represented by one-person businesses, a “professional branch specific to the arts professions” would have difficulty meeting the criteria of the aforementioned decree. THE social partners could nevertheless consider a broader branch integrating the art professions, but also, and more broadly, professions linked to the management of works of art and design.

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