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Official portrait of Rep. Graves, Sam [R-MO-6]

Rep. Graves, Sam [R-MO-6]

United States · Official source

Records

2,337 records where Rep. Graves, Sam [R-MO-6] is listed as a sponsor, author, or other actor. Search with topics and years

Bill· HRH.R. 465 (108th)referred

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow allocation of small ethanol producer credit to patrons of cooperative, and for other purposes.

United States · United States Congress · 29 January 2003

Amends the Internal Revenue Code respecting the small ethanol producer credit to: (1) authorize credit allocation among a cooperative's patrons; (2) increase the gallon capacity for eligible producers; (3) make the credit a non-passive income credit; and (4) remove the credit from the alcohol fuel credit gross income inclusion.

Bill· HRH.R. 434 (108th)referred

Social Security Benefits Tax Relief Act of 2003

United States · United States Congress · 28 January 2003

Social Security Benefits Tax Relief Act of 2003 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to repeal the 85 percent (second tier) taxation of Social Security and Railroad Retirement benefits. Appropriates, from the general fund, to the Hospital Insurance Trust Fund amounts equal to the reduction in revenue lost because of the repeal. Requires an annual report concerning the funds transferred from the general fund to the Trust Fund.

Bill· HRH.R. 339 (108th)open

Personal Responsibility in Food Consumption Act

United States · United States Congress · 27 January 2003

Personal Responsibility in Food Consumption Act - Shields the manufacturer, distributor, or seller of a food or non-alcoholic beverage product intended for human consumption from civil liability, relating to consumption of such products, in Federal or State court, unless the plaintiff proves that the product was not in compliance with applicable statutory and regulatory requirements at the time of sale.

Bill· HRH.R. 391 (108th)referred

National Right-to-Work Act

United States · United States Congress · 27 January 2003

National Right-to-Work Act - Amends the National Labor Relations Act and the Railway Labor Act to repeal those provisions that permit employers, pursuant to a collective bargaining agreement that is a union security agreement, to require employees to join a union as a condition of employment (including provisions permitting railroad carriers to require, pursuant to such an agreement, payroll deduction of union dues or fees as a condition of employment).

Bill· HRH.R. 303 (108th)referred

Retired Pay Restoration Act of 2003

United States · United States Congress · 8 January 2003

Retired Pay Restoration Act of 2003 - Permits retired members of the armed forces with service-connected disabilities to be paid both military retired pay and veterans' disability compensation. Repeals provisions providing for special compensation for certain severely disabled military retirees and certain combat-related disabled uniformed services retirees.

Bill· HRH.R. 278 (108th)referred

Date Certain Tax Code Replacement Act

United States · United States Congress · 8 January 2003

Date Certain Tax Code Replacement Act - Prohibits the imposition of any tax by the Internal Revenue Code: (1) for any taxable year beginning after December 31, 2007; and (2) in the case of any tax not imposed on the basis of a taxable year, on any taxable event or for any period after December 31, 2007. Excepts the: (1) tax on self-employment income (chapter 2 of the Code); (2) Federal Insurance Contributions Act (chapter 21 of the Code); and (3) Railroad Retirement Tax Act (chapter 22 of the Code). Establishes the National Commission on Tax Reform and Simplification to review: (1) the present structure and provisions of the Code; (2) whether the tax systems of other countries could provide more efficient and fair methods of funding government revenue requirements; (3) whether the income tax should be replaced with a tax imposed in a different manner or on a different base; and (4) whether the Code can be simplified, absent wholesale restructuring or replacement. Requires a Commission report to Congress on review results, with recommendations for Code reform and simplification. Terminates the Commission 90 days after such report. Authorizes appropriations (with interim funding). Declares that any new Federal tax system should be approved by Congress in its final form before July 4, 2007, and, if not, Congress should be required to vote to reauthorize the Code.

Bill· HRH.R. 235 (108th)open

Houses of Worship Free Speech Restoration Act

United States · United States Congress · 8 January 2003

Houses of Worship Free Speech Restoration Act - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to state that churches and other houses of worship shall not lose such designation because of the content, preparation, or presentation of any homily, sermon, teaching, dialectic, or other presentation made during religious services or gatherings. States that such provision shall not affect campaign finance laws under the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971.

Bill· HRH.R. 179 (108th)referred

Small Business Expensing Improvement Act of 2003

United States · United States Congress · 7 January 2003

Small Business Expensing Improvement Act of 2003 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code with respect to the expensing of depreciable business assets (section 179) to increase the maximum amount which may be expensed to $75,000 and the phase-out threshold to $325,000.

Bill· HRH.R. 49 (108th)open

Internet Tax Nondiscrimination Act

United States · United States Congress · 7 January 2003

Internet Tax Nondiscrimination Act - Amends the Internet Tax Freedom Act to permanently ban: (1) taxes on Internet access; and (2) multiple or discriminatory taxes on electronic commerce.

Bill· HRH.R. 92 (108th)open

Companion Disaster Assistance Program Act of 2002

United States · United States Congress · 7 January 2003

Companion Disaster Assistance Program Act of 2002 (sic) - Directs the Secretary of Agriculture to provide emergency financial assistance to agricultural producers who have incurred qualifying 2001 or 2002 crop losses due to weather or related conditions. Requires a producer with qualifying losses in both years to elect to receive payments in either, but not both, of such years. States that: (1) a producer may not receive assistance for losses to more than one 2001 crop or 2002 crop on the same acreage unless there is an established practice of planting two or more crops for harvest on such acreage in the same crop year; and (2) the Secretary shall give a producer an opportunity to designate the 2001 or 2002 crop for which the producer requests assistance.

Bill· HRH.R. 57 (108th)referred

Death Tax Permanency Act of 2003

United States · United States Congress · 7 January 2003

Death Tax Permanency Act of 2003 - Amends title IX (Compliance with Congressional Budget Act) of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (P.L. 107-16) to repeal the sunset provisions applicable to title V (Estate, Gift, and Generation-Skipping Transfer Taxes) of such Act. (Makes estate tax repeal permanent.) States that such amendments shall take effect as if included in section 901 of such Act.

Bill· HRH.R. 25 (108th)open

Fair Tax Act of 2003

United States · United States Congress · 7 January 2003

Fair Tax Act of 2003 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to repeal subtitle A (Income Taxes), B (Estate and Gift Taxes), and C (Employment Taxes) of the Internal Revenue Code. Imposes a tax on the use or consumption in the United States of taxable property or services. Sets the tax rate at 23 percent for the calendar year 2005. Sets the rate, for years after 2005, at the combined sum of the general revenue rate (14.91 percent), the old-age survivors and disability rate, and the hospital insurance rate. Sets forth provisions concerning, among other things; (1) imports and exports; (2) definitions; (3) credits and refunds; (4) a "family consumption allowance"; (5) Federal and State cooperative tax administration; (6) administrative matters; (7) collections, appeals, and taxpayer rights; (8) special rules (hobbies, gaming, government purchases, non-profits, and etc.); (9) financial intermediation services; and (10) additional matters. Sets forth provisions concerning the: (1) phase-out of administration of repealed taxes; (2) administration of other taxes (establishes an Excise Tax Bureau and a Sales Tax Bureau); and (3) sales tax inclusive social security benefits indexation.

Resolution· HCONRESH.Con.Res. 520 (107th)referred

Expressing the sense of Congress that the Secretary of Agriculture should reexamine the authorities governing the Conservation Reserve Program and adjust the program to the maximum extent practicable to assist agricultural producers adversely affected by severe drought conditions.

United States · United States Congress · 14 November 2002

Expresses the sense of Congress that the Secretary of Agriculture should: (1) reevaluate the conditions under which the conservation reserve program is designated to permit haying and grazing, taking into consideration rainfall, temperature, crop production, partial county designations, State disaster relief criteria, and other relevant factors; and (2) review and promulgate new rules and regulations regarding the appropriate use and availability of haying and grazing on conservation reserve program lands to better reflect the needs of farmers and ranchers in times of disaster.

Bill· HRH.R. 5718 (107th)referred

To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to expand and improve the program of loan forgiveness for teachers, and to amend the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to focus the expenditure of certain recruitment and professional development funds on high-need local educational agencies.

United States · United States Congress · 13 November 2002

Amends the Higher Education Act of 1965 to revise student loan forgiveness for teachers under the Federal Family Education Loan and Federal Direct Loan programs. Expands forgiveness eligibility by: (1) eliminating requirements allowing only certain new borrowers to participate; and (2) increasing the types of eligible teaching locations and subjects. Includes, as separate bases for eligibility, full-time teaching in: (1) a school qualifying for Perkins loan cancellation; (2) a school in a high-need local educational agency; (3) special education; or (4) mathematics or science. Eliminates a service requirement that an individual teach at least five consecutive complete school years before being eligible for program benefits. Increases to $20,000 the aggregate amount of an individual teacher's student loan obligation which may be forgiven, and revises the rate of repayment. Amends the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to require State educational agencies to give priority to high-need local educational agencies, under a program of grants to States for preparing, training, and recruiting high-quality teachers and principals.

Resolution· HRESH.Res. 591 (107th)passed

Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that the National Park Service should form a committee for the purpose of establishing guidelines to launch a national design competition.

United States · United States Congress · 16 October 2002

Directs the National Park Service to form a committee to establish guidelines for launching a national design competition for a sculpture memorializing the Lewis and Clark Expedition to be built in Luther Ely Smith Park in downtown St. Louis, Missouri.

Bill· HRH.R. 5589 (107th)open

Companion Disaster Assistance Program Act of 2002

United States · United States Congress · 9 October 2002

Companion Disaster Assistance Program Act of 2002 - Directs the Secretary of Agriculture to provide emergency financial assistance to agricultural producers who have incurred qualifying 2001 or 2002 crop losses due to weather or related conditions. Requires a producer with qualifying losses in both years to elect to receive payments in either, but not both, of such years. States that: (1) a producer may not receive assistance for losses to more than one 2001 crop or 2002 crop on the same acreage unless there is an established practice of planting two or more crops for harvest on such acreage in the same crop year; and (2) the Secretary shall give a producer an opportunity to designate the 2001 or 2002 crop for which the producer requests assistance.

Resolution· HCONRESH.Con.Res. 500 (107th)referred

Expressing the sense of Congress that the Pacific Maritime Association and the International Longshore and Warehouse Union should enter into mediation to resolve the ongoing west coast port shutdown and that other options should be taken if these negotiations fail.

United States · United States Congress · 7 October 2002

Expresses the sense of the Congress that: (1) the Pacific Maritime Association (PMA) and the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) should enter into mediation, while adopting 24-hour extensions of the expired collective bargaining agreement; and (2) if a settlement is not reached, the President should direct the Attorney General to petition any U.S. district court having jurisdiction of these parties to enjoin a strike or lock-out or its continuation.

Resolution· HRESH.Res. 567 (107th)passed

Recognizing the importance of surface transportation infrastructure to interstate and international commerce and the traveling public and the contributions of the trucking, rail, intercity bus, and passenger transit industries to the economic well being of the United States.

United States · United States Congress · 1 October 2002

Recognizes the trucking, railroad, and passenger transit industries, and the workers in industries which operate, design, build, and maintain the rights of way along which trucks, freight trains, buses, and commuter trains travel for their: (1) contribution to the economy by facilitating international and interstate commerce; (2) contribution to the freedom of the traveling public which uses roads, highways, and railways for business and leisure; and (3) conscientious effort to improve safety, increase efficiency, and better the environment in communities throughout the United States.

Resolution· HCONRESH.Con.Res. 490 (107th)referred

To express the sense of Congress concerning the United States and its dependence on foreign sources of oil.

United States · United States Congress · 26 September 2002

Expresses the sense of Congress that: (1) the United States must systematically reduce its reliance on foreign oil sources; (2) the United States must increase domestic oil exploration and production; (3) the United States must expedite the development of alternative fuel sources, particularly ethanol and biodiesel; (4) the United States must reevaluate its relationships with noncooperative, secretive regimes; and (5) our Nation should develop a long overdue comprehensive energy policy that promotes domestic energy research and development and provides for the security and diversity of the American energy supply.

Resolution· HRESH.Res. 549 (107th)passed

Expressing appreciation for the Prime Minister of Great Britain for his loyal support and leadership in the war on terrorism and reaffirming the strong relationship between the people of the United States and Great Britain.

United States · United States Congress · 24 September 2002

Expresses appreciation for Prime Minister Tony Blair's leadership in the war on terrorism and sympathy to British victims of terrorism and their families. Commends British intelligence and defense agencies for their continued efforts in the war on terrorism. Reaffirms the special relationship between the people of the United States and Great Britain.

Bill· HRH.R. 5411 (107th)referred

Medicare Beneficiary Skilled Nursing Protection Act of 2002

United States · United States Congress · 19 September 2002

Medicare Beneficiary Skilled Nursing Protection Act of 2002 - Amends the Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Benefits Improvement and Protection Act of 2000 to extend for three years the temporary increase in the nursing component of the Federal prospective payment rate. Amends the Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999 to extend for three years the increase in the skilled nursing facility adjusted Federal per diem rate under the Social Security Act.

Resolution· HRESH.Res. 525 (107th)passed

Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that the 107th Congress should complete action on and present to the President, before September 30, 2002, legislation extending and strengthening the successful 1996 welfare reforms.

United States · United States Congress · 17 September 2002

Declares the sense of the House of Representatives that the 107th Congress should complete action on and present to the President, before September 30, 2002, legislation extending and strengthening the 1996 welfare reforms.

Bill· HRH.R. 5317 (107th)open

National AMBER Alert Act of 2002

United States · United States Congress · 4 September 2002

National AMBER Alert Act of 2002 - Directs the Attorney General to establish an AMBER (America's Missing: Broadcast Emergency Response) Alert Coordinator position to: (1) establish guidelines for implementing a statewide AMBER Alert plan; (2) provide technical assistance to the States, broadcasters, and law enforcement agencies in implementing such plans; (3) certify to the Secretary of Transportation any State that has established or agrees to establish such a plan and a reciprocal arrangement with other States; and (4) monitor compliance and revoke certification of any State that fails to establish such a plan. Directs the Secretary to make grants to certified States to develop, acquire, install, and construct facilities and equipment along highways to notify the public about missing children and their abductors.

Resolution· HCONRESH.Con.Res. 442 (107th)referred

Recognizing the American Road and Transportation Builders Association for reaching its 100th Anniversary and for the many vital contributions of its members in the transportation construction industry to the American economy and quality of life through the multi-modal transportation infrastructure network its members have designed, built, and managed over the past century.

United States · United States Congress · 17 July 2002

Acknowledges the American Road and Transportation Builders Association for its 100th Anniversary. Commends the many achievements of the transportation construction industry and encourages the Association to continue its tradition of excellence in service to the transportation construction industry and to the public.

Bill· HRH.R. 5091 (107th)referred

Canceling Loans to Allow School Systems to Attract Classroom Teachers Act

United States · United States Congress · 11 July 2002

Canceling Loans to Allow School Systems to Attract Classroom Teachers Act - Amends the Higher Education Act of 1965 to provide for additional amounts of student loan forgiveness for certain teachers. Directs the Secretary of Education, in making such additional repayments, to give priority to teachers of special education in elementary and secondary schools.

Bill· HRH.R. 5064 (107th)referred

Pledge Protection Act of 2002

United States · United States Congress · 8 July 2002

Pledge Protection Act of 2002 - Amends the Federal judicial code to deny jurisdiction to any court established by Act of Congress to hear or determine any claim that the recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance violates the first amendment of the Constitution.

Resolution· HRESH.Res. 459 (107th)passed

Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Newdow v. U.S. Congress was erroneously decided, and for other purposes.

United States · United States Congress · 26 June 2002

Expresses the sense of the House of Representatives that: (1) the Pledge of Allegiance, including the phrase "One Nation, under God," reflects the historical fact that a belief in God permeated the founding and development of our Nation; (2) the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals's ruling is inconsistent with the U.S. Supreme Court's First Amendment jurisprudence that the Pledge and similar expressions are not unconstitutional expressions of religious belief; (3) such phrase should remain in the Pledge; and (4) the Ninth Circuit should agree to rehear this ruling en banc in order to reverse this constitutionally infirm and historically incorrect ruling.

Resolution· HCONRESH.Con.Res. 424 (107th)referred

Commending the patriotic contributions of the roofing professionals who replaced, at no cost to the Federal Government, the section of the Pentagon's slate roof that was destroyed as a result of the terrorist attacks against the United States that occurred on September 11, 2001.

United States · United States Congress · 24 June 2002

Commends the roofing professionals who replaced, at no cost to the Federal Government, the section of the Pentagon's slate roof destroyed by the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001.

Bill· HRH.R. 4965 (107th)open

Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2002

United States · United States Congress · 19 June 2002

Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2002 - Amends the Federal criminal code to prohibit any physician or other individual from knowingly performing a partial-birth abortion, except when necessary to save the life of a mother that is endangered by a physical disorder, illness, or injury. Authorizes the father, if married to the mother at the time of the abortion, and the maternal grandparents of the fetus, if the mother is under 18 years of age, to obtain specified relief in a civil action, unless the pregnancy resulted from the plaintiff's criminal conduct or the plaintiff consented to the abortion. Authorizes a defendant accused of an offense under this Act to seek a hearing before the State Medical Board on whether the physician's conduct was necessary to save the life of the mother. Prohibits the prosecution of a woman upon whom a partial-birth abortion is performed for conspiracy to violate this Act or under provisions regarding punishment as a principal or an accessory or for concealment of a felony.

Bill· HRH.R. 4843 (107th)referred

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide tax incentives for the use of biodiesel as a fuel.

United States · United States Congress · 23 May 2002

Amends the Internal Revenue Code to establish a credit to promote the production and usage of biodiesel fuel. Requires a taxpayer to obtain a certification from the producer of the biodiesel which identifies the product produced in order to utilize the credit. Imposes a tax for biodiesel not used as fuel, but for which a credit was granted. Reduces motor fuel excise taxes on biodiesel mixtures. Provides for transfers of funds from the Commodity Credit Corporation to the Highway Trust Fund in amounts equivalent to the reductions that would occur but for this Act.

Bill· HRH.R. 4785 (107th)referred

Child PACT Act

United States · United States Congress · 21 May 2002

Profiting from Access to Computer Technology (PACT) Act - Child PACT Act - Directs each Federal agency to: (1) safeguard and identify educationally useful Federal equipment that it no longer needs or that has been declared surplus; (2) transfer such equipment, either directly or through the General Services Administration (GSA), to educational recipients or nonprofit refurbishers; and (3) encourage employees with computer expertise to assist in providing maintenance and technical support for the recipients of such equipment, connecting school classrooms to the Internet, and helping teachers to learn to use computers to teach.

Bill· HRH.R. 4760 (107th)open

Air Traffic Controller Retirement Reform Act of 2002

United States · United States Congress · 16 May 2002

Air Traffic Controller Retirement Reform Act of 2002 - Amends Federal provisions concerning the Civil Service Retirement System and the Federal Employees' Retirement System to include under the definition of "air traffic controller" or "controller" a civilian employee of the Department of Transportation or Defense holding a supervisory, managerial, executive, technical, semiprofessional, or professional position for which experience as a controller is a prerequisite (thereby continuing to treat such service as controller service for Federal retirement benefits purposes).

Resolution· HRESH.Res. 416 (107th)referred

Expressing the sense of the Congress regarding the International Criminal Court.

United States · United States Congress · 9 May 2002

Expresses the sense of Congress that: (1) President Bush should be commended for renouncing the U.S. signature from the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) as a step toward protecting American service-members and citizens from the possibility of unwarranted and politically-motivated prosecutions; (2) President Bush should be encouraged to remain steadfast in his intention of protecting such individuals from the unchecked power of the ICC; and (3) Congress should take all steps necessary to grant appropriate authority to the President to defend the American people from the threat of arrest, prosecution, and conviction by the ICC.

Bill· HRH.R. 4600 (107th)referred

Help Efficient, Accessible, Low Cost, Timely Health Care (HEALTH) Act of 2002

United States · United States Congress · 25 April 2002

Help Efficient, Accessible, Low Cost, Timely Health Care (HEALTH) Act of 2002 - Makes changes to the health care liability system, including compensation for injured patients and other issues arising out of health care law suits. Requires a suit to be brought within three years of the date of injury or one year after the claimant discovers or should have discovered the injury, whichever occurs first. Sets forth requirements and permissible recovery amounts for compensating patient injury, including: (1) the full amount of economic loss without limitation; (2) noneconomic damages as specified; and (3) a fair share rule. Requires the court to supervise payment-of-damage arrangements, limiting contingency fees. Permits the introduction of evidence of collateral source benefits. Limits the availability of punitive damages, requiring clear and convincing evidence of malicious intent to injure or a deliberate failure to avoid substantially certain, unnecessary injury. Prohibits their award for products that comply with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards, absent material and knowing misrepresentation by those submitting required approval or clearance information to the FDA. Authorizes periodic payment of future damages to claimants. Excludes suits for vaccine-related death or injury from the requirements of this Act if otherwise covered under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Preempts State law unless such law imposes greater protections for health care providers and organizations from liability, loss, or damages. .

Bill· HRH.R. 4483 (107th)open

Syria Accountability Act of 2002

United States · United States Congress · 18 April 2002

Syria Accountability Act of 2002 - Prohibits the President from exporting any item on the United States Munitions List or Commerce Control List of dual-use items in the Export Administration Regulations, providing any U.S. assistance to U.S. businesses with respect to investment or other activities, or conducting Overseas Private Investment Corporation and Trade Development Agency programs in or with respect to Syria. Directs the President to impose two or more specified sanctions against Syria. Requires maintenance of such prohibition and sanctions until the President certifies that Syria meets specified requirements, including that it: (1) does not support international terrorist groups; (2) has withdrawn all of its military personnel from Lebanon; (3) has ceased the development and deployment of ballistic missiles and biological and chemical weapons; (4) is no longer in violation of United Nations (UN) Security Council Resolution 661 and subsequent relevant resolutions; (5) has made substantial progress in negotiations aimed at a peace agreement with Israel and a peace agreement between Israel and Lebanon; and (6) is respecting the sovereignty and political independence of Lebanon as required under UN Security Council Resolution 520. Authorizes the President to provide development assistance to Syria and Lebanon if these six requirements are met.

Resolution· HRESH.Res. 392 (107th)passed

Expressing solidarity with Israel in its fight against terrorism.

United States · United States Congress · 18 April 2002

Expresses: (1) solidarity with Israel as it takes necessary steps to provide security to its people by dismantling the terrorist infrastructure in the Palestinian areas; and (2) commitment to Israel's right to self-defense and support for additional U.S. assistance. Condemns the recent wave of Palestinian suicide bombings and the ongoing support and coordination of terror by Yasir Arafat and other members of the Palestinian leadership. Demands that the Palestinian Authority fulfill its commitment to dismantle the terrorist infrastructure in the Palestinian areas. Expresses concern that Arafat's actions are not those of a viable partner for peace. Urges all Arab states to declare their unqualified opposition to all forms of terrorism, particularly suicide bombing, and all parties in the region to pursue peace in the Middle East. Commends the President for his leadership in addressing the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

Bill· HRH.R. 4364 (107th)referred

To reduce temporarily the duty on Beta-cyfluthrin.

United States · United States Congress · 16 April 2002

Amends the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States to reduce, through December 31, 2005, the duty on Beta-cyfluthrin.

Bill· HRH.R. 4372 (107th)referred

To reduce temporarily the duty on MKH 6562 Isocyanate.

United States · United States Congress · 16 April 2002

Amends the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States to suspend, through December 31, 2005, the duty on MKH 6562 Isocyanate.

Bill· HRH.R. 4370 (107th)referred

To suspend temporarily the duty on Nemacur VL.

United States · United States Congress · 16 April 2002

Amends the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States to suspend, through December 31, 2005, the duty on Nemacur VL.