Question 9883 — people with disabilities

Summary

Disability is a priority for the five-year term. It is this commitment that guided the decision to place the State Secretariat for People with Disabilities under the Prime Minister. This choice is a guarantee of the priority that the Government intends to give to effectively responding to the needs of disabled people, whatever their disability and their age, in all of the reforms that it has been implementing for twenty months. The action of Government is built in dialogue, with all the people involved in this policy and in particular with local authorities and associations representing disabled people, with the common thread of simplifying access to rights and improving the quality of public service. By proclaiming the principle of universal accessibility, Law No. 2005-102 of February 11, 2005 amended to equal rights and opportunities, participation and citizenship of disabled people has established the main principles of the disability policy which is now based on the two essential pillars which are on the one hand, the recognition of disabled people of an individual right to compensation for the additional costs of the disability, and on the other hand, a strategy of accessibility for all without exclusion, generalized to all areas of social life, whatever the form of disability and which concerns not only disabled people, but all people with reduced mobility, including temporarily. In particular, it set 2015 as the deadline for making existing ERPs and existing transport networks accessible. Although real progress has been made in the years following the adoption of the 2005 disability law, its implementation implementation proved more difficult than expected and it was necessary to relaunch the dynamic driven by the 2005 law by providing it, through Ordinance No. 2014-1090 of September 26, 2014, with a new tool, the scheduled accessibility agenda (Ad'AP), a multi-year programming document which specifies the nature of the accessibility work, evaluates their cost and engages the manager of the establishment open to the public (ERP) who signs it carry them out within a period of one to three years in the general case, a period which can be extended to six years or even nine years for particularly important or complex assets to make accessible. According to the same logic, the programmed accessibility agenda, called programmed accessibility master plan (SD'AP) in public transport, gives the possibility to transport organizing authorities (AOT) to extend the required work beyond 2015 and commits the AOT which signs it to carry out the accessibility works and actions within a period of up to: . a maximum period of three years for urban transport; . two periods of three years maximum, or six years, for interurban transport and transport in Ile-de-France; . three periods of maximum three years, i.e. nine years, for rail transport including transport services using the lines of the regional express network (RER). Just four years after its creation, the Ad'AP system is obtaining encouraging results: while less than 50,000 existing ERPs were made accessible between 2005 and 2015, more than 690,000 ERPs have now entered this system. This undeniable leap forward, however, conceals a disparity between the managers of the largest ERPs, mainly entered into the Ad'AP system and those of small, isolated ERPs, mainly of the fifth category. In order to support these actors in their approach to accessibility, a network of accessibility ambassadors, young volunteers recruited as part of civic service, is being deployed to be made available to municipalities and public intermunicipal cooperation establishments (EPCI) for their allow us to engage in dialogue with traders and members of the liberal professions, to guide them and help them fulfill their obligations. Regarding housing, on the one hand the housing market is under pressure, and on the other hand building housing is a long and complex process. Indeed, the youngest have difficulty accessing housing and favor living in shared accommodation while the oldest wish to maintain themselves in their familiar environment but need to adapt their accommodation. Housing in large urban centers is rare and expensive, and households, particularly the most disadvantaged, struggle to find affordable housing. It is clear that supply is not in line with demand. The ambition is therefore to support and encourage the production of housing, but also to accelerate the act of building, by simplifying the construction standards and administrative procedures, to build more, better and cheaper. We must therefore think about housing differently to support the needs of everyone throughout life. We must promote the suitability of housing to the life course of the occupants but also to that of the buildings, which are not in the same time frame, but are just as legitimate as each other. To respond to these challenges, article 64 of law no. 2018-1021 of November 23, 2018 relating to the development of housing, development and digital technology (known as the Elan law) establishes that 20% of housing in the DRC or served by elevator is accessible while the other housing is scalable, that is to say accessible to a large extent and can be made fully accessible by simple work to respond to situations of disability, but also loss autonomy and aging. Adaptable housing will thus be adapted to each stage of life. In addition, the installation of an elevator is now mandatory in new buildings as long as they have three floors or more, a highly anticipated measure which constitutes a major step forward. The obligation to build new housing with adaptable bathrooms with zero shower head is effective from January 1, 2021 for ground floor apartments and individual houses in subdivisions or intended for rental. It will be extended on July 1, 2021 to all apartments served by elevator. The year 2021 is also that of the first constructions of the flexible housing provided for by the ELAN law, with the obligation to build modular and reversible bathrooms. The absence of a shower projection will make it possible to arrange more simply houses and apartments for the elderly or people with disabilities, by facilitating the transformation of a bathtub into a shower with tray or “Italian style”. In terms of public transport, accessibility is also progressing since the vast majority of transport organizing authorities (AOT) are implementing their SD'AP and are making progress in making transport accessible. Accessibility work urban road transport is also being finalized. Concerning the existing underground rail transport and guided transport networks, the 2005 law specified that the networks existing on February 12, 2005, if they were faced with proven technical impossibilities, were excluded from the accessibility obligation for 2015 on the condition of producing an accessibility master plan and implementing alternative transport in place. In Paris, making the underground metro network accessible is technically impossible for wheelchair users, particularly due to its configuration (presence of sewers, unstable terrain, tangle of tunnels, etc.) and its effective implementation would also come up against safety constraints in the event of the need for evacuation. This is why, in return, the entire Parisian bus network is accessible and serves as an alternative transport. However, adjustments are being made in metro stations to improve travel comfort for disabled people. As an illustration, the counters are equipped with magnetic loops, alertness strips or tactile surfaces are installed on the edges of the platforms for disabled people visual and a program to bring the 3,540 fixed staircases up to standard is currently being carried out. Several Paris metro lines (1, 10 and 14) are also labeled S3A, a pictogram which allows people with mental disabilities - and, by extension, anyone with comprehension or orientation difficulties - to easily find their way and receive appropriate support. Furthermore, the authorities competent mobility organizers for the perimeters of the Greater Paris metropolis and the Aix-Marseille Provence metropolis are working on new proposals to develop the accessibility of the modes of transport necessary to reach the sites linked to the organization and staging of the 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games. The proposals will focus in particular on how to drastically improve the quality reception and service provided to travelers with disabilities for these events. Finally, the mobility orientation bill (LOM), which will be discussed before Parliament next March, has, among its priority objectives, that of promoting inclusive mobility by strengthening the accessibility of transport and the right to mobility for disabled people and people with reduced mobility for whom travel too often constitute a real obstacle course. In particular, those accompanying disabled people will benefit from a generalization of fare reductions, which can go as far as free, on public transport. And to improve accessibility, which is still imperfect to this day, the LOM project also plans to develop accessibility through digital technology, route calculators and pedestrian GPS. It is about in fact to ensure better continuity of the “user journey”, to avoid any deterioration in the accessibility of roads and public spaces over time and even to promote digital signage and guidance systems for better appropriation of public space by the most vulnerable people. Indeed, the provision of information on the level of accessibility of transport and roads and public spaces allows people with disabilities to make the best choices with full knowledge of the facts. In conclusion, the Government is giving itself the means to meet the challenges of an increasingly inclusive society. But these challenges will only be fully met with the participation of all and still require time to fully bear fruit.

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