Question· Question écrite35005open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor alerts the Minister of Solidarity and Health to the difficulties of accessing retirement in the overseas territories. In overseas territories, a growing number of retirees are faced with extreme precariousness: loss of purchasing power, very low pension level. Around 6,000 of them fell into poverty, as far as Martinique is concerned. Added to this is the aging of the population and endemic unemployment which, combined with the consequences of the pandemic, foreshadows an explosion of situations of social exclusion. Indeed, entire generations who have only had an uneven professional career will reach retirement age without being able to justify the annuities necessary to claim a full pension. This reality complicates the relationship with retirement for a large part of citizens, making it the current system almost inoperable. The question of access to retirement is a real time bomb that must be defused urgently. It requires attentive and differentiated treatment. Can we subject residents of a territory so hard hit by structural unemployment varying between 18% and 25% of the population to the same retirement system and which will reach records because of the pandemic? In this context, continue the pension reform according to recurring software which ignores this high level of risk of social explosion is dangerous. Prioritizing the sole objective of reducing deficits by placing the same efforts on the populations of these territories as those required of those in more favored territories inevitably perpetuates discrimination and accentuates the risk of a major territorial explosion. Such a policy marks a gap between two models of society based on two diametrically opposed conceptions of humanity and politics. It signals the obvious failure of the development model which has prevailed until now in the so-called “overseas” territories and which has continued to generate profound inequalities there. He asks him how he intends to guarantee equality in retirement when the established rules only apply to certain people and favor the exclusion of those who wish to live with dignity after a life of work not formally recognized.
Question· Question écrite35218open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor alerts the Minister of the Interior to the disarray of the police in Martinique. For many months, law enforcement officers have been facing an unprecedented deterioration in their working conditions due to a blatant lack of resources. Despite repeated warnings from these professionals regarding the exponential rise in violence linked to arms trafficking and criminal acts of all kinds, the necessary means and sufficient to carry out their mission are not granted to them. This deprivation which affects all services plunges them into deep disarray and locks Martinique in a worrying climate of insecurity, keenly felt by the population. Repeated forceful interventions, insults, ambushes and projectile throwing punctuate their daily lives. They must face increasingly numerous clashes which reflect a high level of distrust and delegitimization of the perpetrators of these acts, towards them. As a result, they operate in a climate of increasing violence which exhausts them and which requires a strengthening of staff, which is currently clearly insufficient. For the only departmental integration company (CDI) which has 40 agents, 22 are on sick leave for a period of less than 2 months, or 55% of the workforce. Of the remaining 18 agents, only 16 are operational. This understaffing impacts all services, causing serious dysfunctions. It weakens the entire architecture of the system, exposing the police to discredit and accentuating the real risks for their physical and psychological integrity. Exasperated and overwhelmed, these professionals demanded the strengthening of the teams of the departmental integration company and the anti-crime brigade. At Instead, they obtained a redeployment of personnel which in no way improves their situation but contributes to its deterioration. Faced with this alarming situation, it is extremely urgent to improve the functioning of the police services in order to stem the insecurity affecting the population. This necessarily involves sending additional personnel. Witness aware of the explosive nature of the situation generated by this lack blatantly insufficient resources meet the needs, the MP supported requests for the assignment of compatriots working in mainland France, therefore fully capable of strengthening this failing security system. In addition, they demonstrated their desire to practice in Martinique, for completely admissible reasons, in particular their motivation to participate in the security of a territory whose realities they know, to ensure the protection of residents and enable the proper functioning of the CDI, as well as all other services. He questions him about the reasons which prevent their assignment even though it constitutes a concrete response to the expectations of these professionals. He asks whether we should wait for a tragedy to shift into the opposite excess or the temptation of all security, at the risk of exacerbating tensions and undermining social cohesion in this territory.
Question· Question écrite28938open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor questions the Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs about the fate of students, particularly those from overseas based abroad. During his speech on April 13, 2020, the President of the Republic announced that “The most precarious students, sometimes living far from their families, particularly when they come from overseas, will also be helped”. This announcement can only be welcomed favorably! In his speech, the President of the Republic affirms that he does not want to increase inequalities between students. This same principle must apply to overseas students, whether they are based in France or abroad. The platform www.outremerssolidaire.gouv.fr will make it possible to identify the needs of students through a questionnaire and to better support their return. The outlines of this device were announced on Monday April 20, 2020 by the Minister for Overseas Territories. However, it is not aimed at young people based outside France. Indeed, there is no mention of overseas students living abroad. However, the platform could also make it possible to identify them and consider specific measures concerning them. He is thinking in particular of those who are in Canada to the extent that the overseas communities, Martinique and Guadeloupe in particular, have agreements with universities in Quebec. There would be nearly thirty Martinicans concerned experiencing difficulty returning to Martinique. The wait is becoming unbearable for these young people and their families who hope for rapid repatriation. He alerts him to the urgency of certain cases and asks him what measures the Government intends to take to unblock the situation of these students.
Question· Question écrite35001open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor draws the attention of Mr. Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice, to the need for supervision of judicial liquidation procedures in overseas territories. Many companies are being liquidated at a breakneck pace, after sometimes dubious procedures leading to considerable job losses in a labor market already subject to multiple uncertainties. This reality questions the mechanisms - sometimes nebulous - which lead to the cessation of activity of a company in these territories. It justifies specific supervision of judicial liquidation procedures taking into account structural particularities, the consequences on the employment pool and the system of constraints in order to adapt them to the island market. Furthermore, given the structure of the economy, a measure seems particularly essential for companies in strategic sectors, particularly those which guarantee basic rights or which contribute to the development of territories: information, press, tourism, hotels, restaurants. The formidable economic impacts of the covid-19 pandemic accentuate this need which will make it possible to usefully stem the wave of bankruptcies and job destruction which are expected in so-called “overseas” territories which cannot fight on equal terms with the French territories. There is an urgent need to initiate this territorial reform which aims to prevent economic risks and stimulate entrepreneurial initiatives in an unprecedented context of crisis which will be accompanied by a slide into poverty for thousands of households. He asks him if he is in favor of this reform, spearheading the preservation and revitalization of the economy, seriously damaged by the double health and economic crisis due to covid-19.
Question· Question écrite35003open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor alerts the Minister Delegate to the Minister for Ecological Transition, responsible for housing, on the consequences of the planned end of the zero-interest loan in overseas territories. To the precariousness of millions of people hit by covid-19 will surely be added poverty, social exclusion and its procession of disasters, in all areas. Anticipation must be more than ever a Cartesian rule. Protect the population, especially the weakest, of all possible risks requires, at a minimum, to suspend incoherent, even absurd measures. This is the case of the end of the zero-rate loan scheduled for December 31, 2021 (according to decree no. 2020-9 of January 6, 2020), while the effects of this crisis will certainly be amplified. Since November 1, 2020, many banks have no longer processed files, citing the burden of administrative procedures. The resources taken into account corresponding to the reference tax income (RFR) of year n-2, the household which submits its application in December 2020 will have to provide 2018 income. In the event of a study by the bank in January 2021, they will already be obsolete and the borrower will have to provide 2019 income. Thus, for millions of people, the chance to project themselves socially and access property will be canceled. Gold, in overseas territories, owning a home allows many families to stabilize their social situation and limit the risks of professional insecurity due to a very high endemic unemployment rate (18% to 25%). However, if the PTZ were to disappear, how many people would find themselves suddenly prevented from accessing property? This tool secures the right to property of the most modest. It is a valve indisputable security which territories cannot do without, a shield against the exclusion and extreme poverty which threaten entire generations. Its cessation in the middle of a pandemic would be inconceivable and would dangerously jeopardize social and territorial cohesion. He asks her if she is committed to extending the zero-interest loan well beyond December 31, 2021 in order to maintain the right of access to property for the most modest.
Question· Question écrite28937open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor draws the attention of the Minister of Solidarity and Health to the measures to be implemented before the opening of airlines to the so-called overseas territories. Faced with the fragility of the hospital system, Martinique, Guadeloupe and Guyana are facing the health crisis due to the spread of covid-19, in an anxiety-provoking context. In its opinion of April 8, 2020, “the scientific council considers relevant and useful to implement specific measures in each overseas territory which must be differentiated and adapted to the epidemic phase and the capacities of each territory. » Therefore, specific measures must be applied regarding entry into the territory. It is then appropriate to anticipate and consider all necessary precautions to protect overseas territories. of a new wave of covid-19. These provisions are all the more relevant in particular with regard to the primary problem of returning students and, more broadly, citizens of France. They will in fact be essential for subsequently considering the resumption of economic and tourist activities. Indeed, the collective containment measure implemented to date will have quickly reached its limits given the reception capacity of potential accommodation and the means to be mobilized. As such, the principle of a health visa, issued before departure to Martinique, Guadeloupe or Guyana, proves to be a suitable measure for entry into these territories. Without being the exclusive solution, it constitutes a first barrier against the spread of the virus. He asks him what measures he intends to put in place before the opening of the airlines to the general public.
Question· Question écrite28877open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor questions the Minister of Higher Education, Research and Innovation on the fate of students, particularly those from overseas. During his speech on April 13, 2020, the President of the Republic announced that “the most precarious students sometimes living far from their families, particularly when they come from overseas, will also be helped”. This announcement can only be welcomed favorably! However, it is becoming urgent to specify its form and outlines in order to provide greater readability for students. The prolonged confinement of one month will undoubtedly generate more anxiety and anguish linked to distance and loneliness but also additional expenses, mainly due to the closure of university restaurants. The Government was committed to ensuring that the contribution of life student and campus (CVEC) can as quickly as possible finance basic necessity vouchers for students who need them the most, particularly those in university residences. However, not only have these provisions not been implemented to date in all universities, but above all they will not be enough to cover all needs, even if solidarity chains are organized. gradually via associations, the digital mutual aid platform Outremerssolidaires.gouv.fr or the dedicated toll-free number. In his speech, the President of the Republic affirms that he does not want to increase inequalities between students. This same principle must apply for students; overseas students being in fact penalized. The MP supports the proposal of the overseas delegation of the National Assembly to implement creation of a one-stop shop to support overseas students confined in France. Like the GDR group, it also recommends the extension of the payment of scholarships based on social criteria from 10 to 12 months and the elimination of CROUS rents. Regarding student tenants of private housing, forced to stay in France, he recommends that the State cover all or part of the rent, particularly for those whose parents are suffering from a drop in income during these times of crisis. He asks him to clarify as quickly as possible the Government's position on these concrete measures intended to better support students.
Question· Question écrite27548open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor alerts the Minister of National Education and Youth to the effects of the mobilization of Martinique teachers. Since December 5, 2019, the pension reform project has mobilized Martinican teachers, more determined than ever to make their grievances heard. On the front line in the social movements which are shaking all territories, they have continued to oppose this project which, not only, will considerably reduce their pension but will also worsen the inequalities and difficulties linked to the exercise of their profession. Devaluation, lack of resources, deterioration of their working conditions, loss of sense of their mission have exposed many of them to burnout, when not suicide. It is in this general, extremely degraded context that they are demanding the means necessary to accomplish their mission. Besides their firm opposition to this reform, they refuse the job cuts which will particularly affect this territory. By proposing to go from a forecast of 76 job cuts to 40 and by brandishing 49.3 to pass this very unpopular pension reform, the Government has created the conditions for this conflict to get bogged down and for a radicalization of the strikers which paralyzes the school community and accentuates the divide between strikers and non-strikers as well as numerous excesses. Once again, it is Martinican students and families who suffer. It seems that they are considered as adjustment variables of a discriminatory policy which, favoring a purely accounting logic, in no way takes into account the needs of this territory, in this area as in many others. As school exams approach, it is the question of the right to education and the exercise of the sovereign mission of the State that arises. It is inconceivable that the deployment of the means necessary for the success of young Martinicans would be hindered, for whatever reason. Thus, beyond the question of pensions, this mobilization highlights proven territorial discrimination which deprives Martinique of the means required for educational support. of its populations. Despite its regrettable consequences which risk leaving scars within the school community, the legitimacy of this movement is beyond doubt. The temptation to play one's rottenness would be neither responsible nor acceptable. He asks him when he is going to undertake real negotiations with the teachers' representatives to promote understanding of their expectations, respond to their needs and allow classes to resume in Martinique schools as quickly as possible.
Question· Question écrite28606open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor alerts the Minister of National Education and Youth to the urgent need to guarantee good health and safety conditions in schools before any resumption. During his speech on April 13, 2020, the President of the Republic indicated that the confinement would be extended until May 11, 2020, the date from which a reopening of educational establishments would be considered. This announcement has immediately raised concerns and even legitimate questions from all sides! If this decision was justified by the concern not to widen further inequalities between children depending on their social background, it should not expose them to the danger of the virus or transform them into potential vectors of a second wave of spread of covid-19! Any possible reopening of educational establishments and crèches require that a certain number of mandatory conditions be respected beforehand: screening of all students and staff, including those showing no symptoms; the widespread use of protective equipment which must be accessible to all; strict compliance with barrier gestures, more difficult to obtain among the youngest; reinforced cleaning of premises and more generally compliance with the rules sanitation, which can prove very problematic in certain territories such as Martinique, victim of untimely water cuts; the adoption of measures aimed at synchronizing the organization of school transport and catering, and the conditions of intervention of community staff, school funds, etc. He asks that the principles which will dictate the implementation of this decision be specified in advance at the academic level, in order to avoid any health risk to the population.
Question· Question écrite27549open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor draws the attention of the Minister of Labor to the urgency of an employment policy adapted to the needs of Martinique. During his last questions to the Government, he drew attention to the inadequacy of employment policy to the economic realities of this territory and, more generally, overseas. Explicitly, he called for a paradigm shift as well as the implementation of strong measures, concrete and effective measures to both protect local businesses and protect them from judicial liquidations, which are often abusive. Since the start of the year, macroeconomic news has accentuated the urgent nature of another government action in favor of employment, in this territory and more generally overseas. Furthermore, it qualifies the latest unemployment rate figures which indicate a significant drop in this both at the national and local level, i.e. 8% in mainland France and more than 18% in Martinique, according to the latest INSEE report. However, the reality on the ground seems to indicate the opposite. Indeed, after the liquidation of France-Antilles, on January 30, which left 235 employees in the middle of the ford, it is the turn of the Ho Hio Hen group, 19 companies, to find themselves in turmoil with a threat of unemployment, in the very short term, for 650 employees, in the 3 departments including 400 in Martinique. At this rate, and although business creations jumped by 46% in the last quarter of 2018, making Martinique the most dynamic territory in France in terms of entrepreneurship, the number of creations does not compensate for the number of jobs destroyed, i.e. 635 over two months. Because the majority of these creations are micro-enterprises or individual businesses, respectively + 39% and + 27%, in total almost 480 over one quarter. These examples therefore show a strong trend towards the destruction of jobs in SMEs and call for a necessary consideration of the characteristics of the economic fabric, composed largely of VSEs and self-employed workers (nearly 90%), in the development of Martinique. Today, this sudden and accelerated deterioration of the situation of employment requires a redefinition of public policy in this area. In addition, faced with the dual problem of attractiveness and demographics resulting in an annual decline of 0.8%, or 15,827 fewer inhabitants than in 2011, Martinique will be the oldest department in France by 2030-2040. In this context, the economic situation requires more than ever an incisive action plan in terms of employment policy. The MP reaffirms that the innovative solutions he has proposed are likely to respond to the needs of the populations and the real social, demographic and economic challenges of this territory, for example the extension to Martinique of the experimental business mediation system hitherto reserved for the Centre-Val de Loire, Grand-Est, Normandy and PACA regions, the creation of an economic cooperation mobility passport for boost the economic market, the establishment of a new nomenclature dedicated to local VSEs to take into account the weight of island constraints on their sustainability, the postponement of the procedure for dematerialization of declarations and payment of contributions to limit the consequences of late payments by communities and white zones. These proposals therefore deserve particular attention because they involve finally implement an economic model adapted to territorial realities. He asks her if she intends to engage in this economic development project that it is urgent to undertake for the benefit of the populations by giving a favorable response to these concrete proposals.
Question· Question écrite28936open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor alerts the Minister of Solidarity and Health to the urgent need to generalize screenings as part of the fight against the spread of covid-19. The so-called overseas territories and particularly Martinique are not spared. This crisis amplifies an already worrying situation due to the insularity of these territories, the fragility of the hospital system, the existence of a high rate of comorbidity, the aging of the population and the profusion of chronic diseases. Based on the opinion of the covid-19 scientific council of April 8, 2020 which mentions in its report that "the epidemic in the overseas territories will worsen in the coming weeks" and also recommends "Diagnostic tests (RT-PCR COVID): a "test, test, test" strategy from now on", also based on the speech by the President of the Republic of April 13, 2020 which extends the "strictest" confinement by four weeks before considering a gradual deconfinement and which is committed to "a mask for the general public", he asks what concrete measures he intends to take to immediately amplify the means in terms of daily testing capacity but also to generalize covid-19 tests in Martinique, Guadeloupe and Guyana and thus make these territories of the pilot territories.
Question· Question écrite25277open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor draws the attention of the Secretary of State to the Minister of the Economy and Finance and the Minister of Action and Public Accounts, responsible for digital technology, to the consequences of the generalization of dematerialization. The MP has often drawn attention to the persistent problems which punctuate the lives of the populations in the Antilles-Guyana. Right here, he is the voice of the populations of these territories who are often victims of the numerous inappropriate measures taken towards them, despite its duly justified observations. Thus, through an amendment aimed at correcting situations of fiscal and social injustice which affect certain local actors, he defended, in their favor, a request for an exemption from the payment of contributions and social contributions by electronic means. Arguing about their real difficulties and indisputable, he underlined the increased risk of inequalities which would result from the application of this measure. Alas! A form of autism prevailed and caused the rejection of a legitimate proposal for justice, for these territories, already very discriminated against. It's regrettable. Faithful to its commitment and aware of the validity of the expectations of its citizens, it once again sends a warning regarding the consequences of this deliberate choice which ignores the exacerbated difficulties suffered by these populations. He protests against certain unfair measures which, by disregarding the particularities specific to so-called “overseas” territories, generate – constantly – situations of injustice. In this, it is based on the report of the Defender of Rights of November 21, 2019 which highlights serious and recurring inequalities between France and the Antilles-Guyana; notably a cost of high internet, of the order of 40% more, in these regions. Thus, this report highlights the negative consequences of the generalization of the dematerialization procedure in these territories and, at the same time, reinforces the legitimacy of the amendment it proposed. It is therefore necessary to relay these observations. Because they clearly raise the question of rights and responsibilities vis-à-vis the Antillo-Guyanese populations who are demanding justice and consideration. Supporting the refusal to meet their expectations is proof that they are only considered second-class citizens. Considering the credibility of the Defender of Rights, an important lever in its institutional mechanisms, he asks him if it is not appropriate to recognize the relevance of his proposals to finally respect the inhabitants of these territories.
Question· Question écrite24593open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor reminds the Overseas Minister that West Indian and Guyanese families have at least one child or relative living outside their country. Furthermore, the economic model, hitherto favored and jealously preserved by successive governments, has generated total dependence on these territories. As a result, flying is a recurring obligation for West Indian households. However, as it progresses application, territorial continuity turns out to be incomplete, unsuitable. In fact, it only takes place from overseas territories to mainland France and never between overseas regions. In addition, the professional training mobility passport has become a real tool for managing the massive exodus of active forces. No wonder there is resistance to opening access, on an experimental basis, to economic players. territories. At the same time, the price of plane tickets is increasing significantly between these departments, reaching prohibitive amounts for the populations concerned. These measures therefore prove to be discriminatory, pernicious, symptomatic of the undervaluation, or even the failure to take into account daily issues. Like the former Bumidom, they institutionalize - legalized expatriation - with the force of work, the reproduction of a colonialist pattern, a Colbertist approach to societies which, fortunately, is challenged by the test of time and geopolitics. Error after error, discrimination after discrimination have given a disastrous result to this policy. Today, the overseas territories have become very cumbersome, given the Government's budgetary choices. Thus, the cycle of deep cuts and Shameful inequalities prevail. They are the same ones who toast. We need to change the paradigm. Because we neither want to endure nor have obsolete policies imposed. We must open a new era, that of shared responsibility, that of political courage which dictates just and effective action. This is about putting an end to harmful practices that amount to a real permanent house arrest. The French Ultramarines also have the right to move in and out of their territories, in complete freedom, equality and fraternity. Isn't it? They neither wish nor must continue to be the adjustment variables of unjust and discriminatory policies. Because, in Martinique specifically, and in overseas territories more generally, the problems are known and we know how to resolve them sustainably. Will she finally consider them as elected officials capable of producing responses adapted to their needs? How would the imposed solutions be more relevant than theirs? Finally, he asks him if the commitment of local actors in the construction of tomorrow's overseas territories would be just another slogan on his part.
Question· Question écrite24082open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor questions the Minister of Solidarity and Health about health establishments in the Antilles and Guyana. Based on the observation of the clear deterioration of the situation in these hospitals, the Guadeloupean deputies Justine Benin and Max Mathiasin (Modem), the senator Dominique Théophile (LREM), asked the Minister for a revaluation of the geographical coefficient relating to health establishments in the Antilles and in Guyana. Currently, the latter is set at 27% in Guadeloupe and Martinique, 29% in Guyana, 31% in Reunion and Mayotte and 11% in Corsica. Although timely and realistic, this measure, if adopted, would have constituted an appreciable first step in managing the crisis. However, it would be insufficient to resolve in a lasting manner the structural deficit of hospitals in the French Overseas Territories. Moreover, the emergency strike, which lasts for several months, and the predictable health consequences of Brexit on health, rhyme with what is experienced in the Antilles: they illustrate the particularities of the health situation in these regions, concretize the threats weighing on health in Martinique, as in Guadeloupe. The problems, exacerbated by geographical distance, can, directly or indirectly, influence the level of health of Martinicans: the increase in prices, the tight supply of medicines, medical devices and laboratory reagents, the lack of maintenance of equipment, the accelerated degradation of materials linked to the tropical climate, a population pool that is too narrow for activity-based pricing. If we complete the picture with the incidence of the medico-social consequences of accelerated aging of the population (Martinique is the oldest department in France), an unemployment rate of 50% for 15-25 year olds and a population of which 30% lives below the poverty line, to name only these elements, we can measure the explosive nature of the situation. Due to the insular nature of the economies of the overseas departments, the obligation to have at least two additional months of supply, in addition to the usual stocks, is a necessity. management. However, this requirement has strained hospital finances for more than 10 years. Added to all these problems is the massive use of temporary doctors or clinician contracts (particularly in emergencies), which end up drying up cash flow. The emergency crisis is in fact the crisis of the health system, which has also spread to the entire hospital system, and even to society as a whole. And the solutions that could emerge to get out of it will not be enough to resolve the crisis that has been undermining West Indian hospitals for years. Only a major response can restore financial viability to hospitals and confidence among the population in the quality and safety of the care they can provide. This can be based on the following proposals: a revision of the geographical coefficient mitigating the impact of DOM additional costs (excess remuneration of 40%, transport costs, dock dues, bank margins, etc.): currently 27%, it was calculated by the University Hospital of Martinique in 2016 at 37.79% and represented 60.3 million euros in 2015, to which should be added an operating loss of 31 million euros per year; move away from the 100% T2A logic by ensuring a fixed financing base and a part (why not 60%?) in T2A; a medical school full practice to increase the attractiveness of medical and paramedical careers; an upgrade of hospital buildings and accommodation establishments for dependent elderly people; an adequacy of medical and surgical beds to the real health needs of the population, with particular attention to geriatric and psychiatric sectors; a paradigm shift in governance, giving a real power to caregivers, sanctioning the principle of the hospital enterprise and the “systemic breakdown” denounced in the multiple IGAS reports at the origin of 30% of the deficit; the creation of active medical-social centers operating identically to those in mainland France. An alternative to healthcare structures which is symptomatic of the discrimination and territorial inequalities suffered by populations and overseas regions, because how can we explain such treatments? Consequently, he asks her how she intends to address the problems facing these populations, in order to take all measures likely to respond effectively and sustainably.
Question· Question écrite23910answered
France · National Assembly
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor alerts the Minister of National Education and Youth to the consequences of the education reform on regional languages, particularly Creole. The overseas educational community is worried. In Martinique, voices are being raised to denounce this upcoming reform which consists of lowering from 4 to 2 the coefficient assigned to regional languages. If it were to materialize, it would be a serious threat to the teaching of Creole, a living language spoken in most of the island territories which make up the French whole. In addition, it is the link that links the West Indians to the other peoples of the Caribbean, the region to which the West Indies belong. Among the so-called regional languages, Creole occupies a significant place. There are 19,385,022 inhabitants who practice it in the Caribbean, the Indian Ocean and in North America. For the Antilles Guyana region alone, there are 1,099,500. In Martinique, each year the Creole CAPES attracts a significant number of students. A craze which reflects the growing place of the teaching of this language in the education system and its role in the development of young Martinicans and the teaching profession. In this context, the reform project would send the wrong signal to society. It risks precarious deserving teachers and divert many students from learning so-called regional languages. To understand the indignation of the school community, we must remember that the right to teach Creole was won hard and helped to promote an entire section of intangible heritage which has its roots in history. It is also necessary to remember that many generations of Martinicans are left on the side of the road for not having had the possibility - rather the authorization - to conceptualize and express themselves in their mother tongue while attending the schools of the Republic. For all those who, even today, get bogged down in the maze of social exclusion, the Creole language constitutes the tenuous thread of their interactions. The artifact by which they are and remain in the world. What about their feeling of belonging to a social reference group if their identity is called into question? This measure goes to the very foundation of societies. Moreover, would this be a pernicious attempt to inhibit linguistic faculties? Or, a social decline in total opposition to republican values? He contests and opposes this reform in that it tends to stigmatize entire populations and - worse - discriminate against future generations in what forms their unique identity. The function of language in the construction of the individual and its role in the process - constantly unfinished - of civic education and relationships with the world is an established fact. By underpinning the idea of a hierarchy between languages, will this reform not flout the shared ambition of protecting education and equal opportunities? Because how can we promote such objectives without preserving, protecting and enhancing what is meaningful in the existence of each citizen? Is it not a fundamental right to recognize the individual's freedom to use and abuse their mother tongue, a consubstantial attribute of their verticality? If the answers to these questions are necessary, they nevertheless reveal certain limits of this reform which, in reality, blacklists a language that is poorly known and unknown. Indeed, the Creole language - because it is a language, with being regional - is the instrument of communication from which children learned to discover, understand and interact with the environment around them. It is a set of representational corpora from which they were able to establish themselves in the world in order to be and exist. Its learning therefore falls within the fundamental rights of the citizen. Therefore, all initiative tending to reduce its scope in the construction of identity will have the aim of exacerbating the feeling of injustice, or even rejection. The teaching of Creole cannot be the adjustment variable of an educational policy with variable geometry. Wouldn't relegating it to the rank of "sub-language" have the effect of sharpening extremist proselytism whose roots we know and which we see flourishing in each election? Lower the coefficient of regional languages is nonsense which stigmatizes, divides, fuels frustration and exasperation. Consequently, he asks him if he intends to assume being recorded in History as being the one who initiated the decline of regional languages while running the risk of insidiously conveying stubborn prejudices and representations that we believed to be over, because they were unworthy of the Republic. Finally he hears the indignation citizens? He asks him if this is not an opportunity to affirm the attachment to diversity, to the equality of all in terms of access to linguistic skills, a major element in the future of Martinican youth.
Question· Question écrite20822open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor questions the Minister of Solidarity and Health on the bill relating to the organization and transformation of the health system. During the examination of this text in the Senate, amendment no. 604 by Senator Dominique Théophile on Practitioners with a diploma outside the European Union (PADHUE) was adopted on June 7, 2019, thus modifying article L. 4131-5 of the public health code to authorize the arrival in the Antilles of Cuban doctors, in particular in order to combat the shortage of health professionals in these territories. After having worked a lot upstream of this question as evidenced by the number of his interventions devoted to this subject, he is delighted to note the favorable opinion of the Government which miraculously ended up evolving on this point from the National Assembly to the Senate! With the removal of the numerus clausus, the effects of which will be perceptible that after ten years, this measure of welcoming foreign doctors is a unanimously defended palliative. However, in order to sustainably combat medical desertification and offer doctors more opportunities to practice in the country, the creation of a full-service Antilles-Guyana medical faculty providing trilingual teaching (French, English and Spanish) and allowing equivalences with the Caribbean and Central America is essential. Indeed, for the moment, West Indian students cannot continue their courses at the University of the Antilles beyond the first cycle and must then leave for the second cycle, which in fact reduces their chance in the third cycle of being able to practice the specialty of their choice in the region of their choice and particularly their region of origin. This is why, within the framework of the examination of this same bill relating to the organization and transformation of the health system, it carried amendments to article 2. The latter provides for the disappearance of the much-maligned national ranking examination and for the conditions and modalities of access to the 3rd cycle to be set by decree in order to better assess the profiles of admitted students. The new conditions and modalities will focus more on clinical knowledge and skills and relationships of students and the modalities of distribution and assignment of positions will take into account the training capacities, the forecast needs of the health system, the training paths and the professional projects of the candidates. In the overseas communities governed by article 73 of the Constitution hit by the shortage of certain specialties and faced with specific demographic problems, particularly given the worrying phenomenon of brain drain, it seems crucial to encourage the return of trained specialist doctors, especially since the human and cultural dimension in patient care is significant in these territories. In these communities, this allocation should be made as a priority for the benefit of those who completed their first cycle there. This was the meaning of the amendment unfortunately rejected at first reading in the National Assembly despite the valuable assistance of deputies Gabriel Serville and Ericka Bareigts. To this end, it is absolutely essential to consider that access to boarding schools for overseas residents is regionalized with an Antilles Guyana subdivision and a Réunion subdivision or that the classification at the end of the second cycle with a view to the choice of specialty and boarding school subdivision be separate for overseas based on the results of the tests, the training course and the professional project linked to these territories; this last point relating to the territorial dimension must benefit from a decisive weighting. The Government having demonstrated on the question of welcoming foreign doctors its ability to evolve from one room to another, this same state of mind of openness should prevail on this question. He asks him what his position is on the creation of a full-service faculty at the University of the Antilles based on two centers Guadeloupe and Martinique and on measures aimed at offering students who began their cycle in an overseas community governed by article 73 of the Constitution better chances of practicing their profession there in response to the proven lack of doctors and the brain drain.
Question· Question écrite20821open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor questions the Minister of State, Minister of Ecological and Inclusive Transition, on the establishment of a sustainable sector for managing agricultural input waste in Martinique. Waste from agricultural supplies (empty packaging of phytosanitary products and fertilizers, unused phytosanitary products, soiled personal protective equipment, agricultural plastics, banana sheaths, plastic films of greenhouses, strings, irrigation ducts) are to date only taken into account in Martinique through one-off operations. In France, the majority of waste from agricultural activity is managed as part of a voluntary approach by ADIVALOR. In the framework agreement signed between the Ministry of Ecology and the eco-organization, the DROM-COM are financially outside the scope of action of this national eco-organization. Feasibility studies show waste management costs 7 to 10 times more expensive in the DROM-COM than in mainland France (few local processing structures, small deposits, expensive logistics, insularity and remoteness). National public funding does not make it possible to cover these additional costs, undermining the principle of the law on real equality between mainland France and overseas territories and transferring the additional costs to the expenses of production. APROMAR (Association of professionals in the supply of agricultural inputs in Martinique), a player in one-off collections since 2010, has been designated as project leader in Martinique for the establishment of the sustainable sector. Financing this sector requires public aid. He asks him what concrete measures he intends to take for national equalization through a system of public financial compensation and standardization of eco-contributions for the management of agricultural input waste in Martinique.
Question· Question écrite20820open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor draws the attention of the Minister of Higher Education, Research and Innovation to the University of the West Indies. On June 16, 2015, on the occasion of the final reading of Law No. 2015-737 transforming the UAG into a UA, he spoke in the Chamber to regret the rejection of the proposal for a “three-way ticket”, that is to say the election on a common list of the president of the University of Antilles and vice-presidents of each of the Martinique-Guadeloupe poles. He defended the idea that only this method of election could guarantee strategic coherence, the autonomy of the centers and the unity of this establishment whose configuration is unique in the French university landscape. Five years later, it is clear that there are governance difficulties which endanger the stability of the AU governed by law and statutes whose provisions and spirit are regularly flouted deserve to be clarified. Several examples illustrate this situation: non-recognition of the status of secondary authorizing officer of pole vice-president, recruitment of management staff attached to the vice-presidency of the Martinique pole without consultation, budgetary dialogue established by the presidency directly with the components of the pole. In addition, the training offer of the AU discussed in Paris with the ministry without any pole representative despite requests made to this effect in Martinique raised, if not incomprehension, suspicion, especially since non-accredited training for the Martinique pole had obtained a favorable opinion from the High Council for Research Evaluation. Moreover, nearly 400 students had already enrolled in these fundamental training courses in July 2018, an extremely positive point because the attractiveness of the university is essential given the demographic problem of the territory (decline in the birth rate, departure of young people). In response to the joint letter signed on July 6, 2018 by three parliamentarians questioning it on this point, the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation explained the non-opening of certain training courses by “resources insufficient human resources. However, the president of the University of the Antilles has precisely undertaken to rebalance resources for the benefit of the Guadeloupe center, having more training and students, relying in particular on article L. 781-2 of the education code. This has resulted this year in a significant drop in the allocation allocated to the Martinique center and should ultimately result in the transfer of 7 million payroll to Pôle Guadeloupe. It is therefore the balance of the establishment which could be threatened. However, it is obvious that the unity of the establishment in a global context of grouping of much larger universities is the only real viable option, like the Caribbean University of the West Indies. He asks him if he is in favor, in order to preserve this unity of the University of the West Indies to which he says he is resolutely attached to the evolution of the mode of governance and the granting of the means allowing each of the university centers of Guadeloupe and Martinique to consolidate and develop harmoniously and not to the detriment of one another.
Question· Question écrite20636answered
France · National Assembly
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor draws the attention of the Secretary of State to the Minister of the Economy and Finance and the Minister of Action and Public Accounts, responsible for digital affairs, to the precariousness of vulnerable populations caused by the dematerialization of public services, particularly overseas. Indeed, the dematerialization of public services intends to respond to several challenges. It intends to increase the quality of services provided to users by allowing access to public services via the internet and by limiting paper media. It claims to guarantee greater transversality between administrations, in particular by implementing open architectures. It also aims to reduce costs for administrations, thus contributing to sustainable development. If this modernization a priori makes life easier for certain citizens, the fact remains that a segment of the population cannot fully benefit from it, in particular the so-called “disconnected” populations, seniors, the illiterate, and finally those who do not benefit from sufficient “digital literacy” to carry out their administrative procedures online. The digital divide and “ilelectronism” have generated a new form of social and professional exclusion. In France, it affects particularly non-graduates, seniors, people in precarious situations. These citizens are in fact deprived of many services that could improve their situation. This observation is exacerbated overseas, which is experiencing accelerated aging of the population, an explosion in unemployment, increased social inequalities and disparities in digital coverage, computer equipment and the ability to use Internet. In Martinique, the digital coverage rate which has not yet reached the objective of 80%, the senior population, 56,970 people unemployed in the first quarter of 2019, the illiteracy rate is estimated at 14% or 40,000 people, internet subscription rates are so prohibitive that social rates for telephony and internet alone cannot curb them. It therefore clearly appears that dematerialization brutality of public services is not favorable to them. Whether it is a question of meeting the needs linked to procedures for employment, health coverage or retirement, the difficulties of accessing rights are preponderant for users, in particular in the face of the categorical refusal of administrations to provide on-site services which can be carried out online. Moreover, some users can benefit from the leniency of agents administrative or help from their loved ones, but others have no recourse and, discouraged, give up their rights. Digital exclusion then reinforces the social exclusion of vulnerable groups. If to combat digital isolation, the main local initiatives have focused on community efforts to develop high-speed digital coverage, computer learning via cyberbases, as well as than the spread of computers in homes, these measures only take into account a marginal aspect of the problem. He asks him to highlight the means he plans to put in place to remedy the phenomenon of social exclusion linked to digital exclusion and simplify administrative procedures for vulnerable users.
Question· Question écrite1355open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor draws the attention of the Minister for Overseas Territories, Mr. Bruno Nestor Azerot joining him, to the consequences of the drastic reduction in the number of subsidized contracts in Martinique (as in all overseas territories). This unilateral decision can only worsen an already seriously weakened social, economic and health situation. This employment assistance system for people experiencing difficulty in professional integration plays a role essential “social shock absorber”. In an overseas community faced with endemic unemployment which exceeds 20% of the active population and especially where unemployment among young people under 25 exceeds 60%, such a measure is all the more disastrous. In 2016, Martinique had 6,650 subsidized and similar contracts (market sector, non-market sector, future contracts). However, in 2017, only 3,350 assisted contracts are planned, i.e. drop of 53%. For example, in national education, the number of subsidized contracts would go from 920 positions to 380, thus covering barely a third of the identified needs. The sector of integration through economic activity is also hit hard since nearly 3,500 employees could ultimately be threatened. Certainly the Government officially displays (letter of September 6, 2017 to the attention of Ladies and Gentlemen the prefects) overseas as one of its priorities but the effect of this announcement is not observed on the ground. Regarding the start of the school year in Martinique, the minimum conditions of security, supervision, catering, surveillance, hygiene and the functioning of administrative services are not objectively met for the success of the children. The Government cannot ignore that the mobilization, even optimized, of CAOM (annual agreement of objectives and means) recommended, will not be enough to meet the needs. As another example, in Martinique, the CAOM linking the State to the local authority of Martinique (CTM) only concerns 500 subsidized contracts when the brutal cut decided by the Government should lead to the elimination of more than 3,000 subsidized contracts and a real risk of social deterioration. Local authorities will therefore be, they too, negatively impacted. With such a measure, how can we envisage that they can continue to correctly fulfill their responsibilities in terms of environmental protection, security or social reception of citizens? Indeed, in Martinique and overseas, the use of subsidized contracts actually responds to structural needs falling within the competences of communities which paradoxically suffer reductions unprecedented allocation from the State! Even more serious, and without being catastrophic, with such a drop, it is the announced death of an associative fabric which will no longer be able to resort to subsidized contracts which until now have been widely used and which have proven themselves in sectors essential to social cohesion. Consequently, it is his responsibility to alert him to the fact that given the social situation, economic, demographic which is plaguing the territories, the repercussions of such a cut will inevitably be more serious than elsewhere. We are on the verge of yet another social explosion! He therefore asks him to reconsider the reduction of subsidized contracts in Martinique and overseas or to create as many positions corresponding to objective needs. Failing this, the social divide triggered will generate a social bill of an amount that risks to be much heavier to pay.
Question· Question écrite20628answered
France · National Assembly
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor draws the attention of the Minister of the Interior regarding the financing of the departmental fire and rescue services (SDIS). In application of article L. 1424-35 of the general code of local authorities, municipalities, departments and public intermunicipal cooperation establishments (EPCI) contribute to the budget of the departmental fire and rescue services. Thus, “the contributions of municipalities, public intermunicipal cooperation establishments and the department to the budget of the departmental fire and rescue service constitute compulsory expenditure. However, many SDIS budgets are strained due to lack of payment of contributions from certain communities. The budget of the SDIS must be controlled and revalued in order to guarantee the accomplishment of their four major missions: relief for people, traffic accidents, fires and environmental risks. On a daily basis, they are men and women dedicated in all circumstances and in all places to the safety of people, the protection of property and the environment. The good conditions for carrying out their mission and the security of citizens cannot be constrained to simple political will. Safety is at stake for everyone. Also he asks if it intends to take steps to secure the financing of SDIS and make the payment of public contributions not only obligatory, but supervised and controlled.
Question· Question écrite20558answered
France · National Assembly
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor questions the Minister for Overseas Territories regarding purchasing power overseas and particularly that of employees paid the minimum wage. The interprofessional minimum wage for growth (SMIC) aimed to guarantee a minimum of purchasing power to employees who have the lowest incomes. In the name of the "principle of equality", on January 1, 1996, the overseas minimum wage, after a long process, finally reached the level of the minimum wage in mainland France. However, the gap is still glaring because it does not take into account cost differences. Cost of foodstuffs and other consumer products, cost of bank rates, postal rates, transport, auto spare parts. Depending on whether you are overseas or in mainland France. Worse still, for the internet or mobile telephony, the price seems inversely proportional to the speed! Se caring is more expensive, according to a recent public study (Rural Family Association, April 2019), overseas prices are up to 66% more expensive than in mainland France in terms of the household basket. In reality, the overseas minimum income completely misses its objective of guaranteeing any purchasing power, particularly for young people. The minimum wage and the reality of the cost of living are totally disconnected from each other. Overseas have been in a state of social emergency for too long. He asks her what concrete measures she intends to take for the increase in social minimums, for the increase in the minimum wage overseas to compensate for the cost of living, for the establishment of a “total free zone” for production and processing activities. Obviously, these measures must necessarily take into account the reality of the Martinican economic fabric composed mainly very small companies faced, in addition, with the impacts linked in particular to the narrowness of the market, insularity, etc. They cannot carry or give rise to a risk of additional inflation.
Question· Question écrite19220open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor alerts the Minister of the Interior regarding the security of the citizens of Martinique. Since April 3, 2019, Martinique has been without a civil security helicopter following a sea rescue operation during which the Dragon 972 accidentally hit a high voltage line. In order to remedy this, it was considered, before reconsideration, the use of the Dragon 973, an option which, rightly, aroused the immediate disapproval of Guyana's elected officials. Thus, by press release dated April 17, 2019, two weeks after the accident, it was announced on the one hand the transfer to France of the Dragon 972 for assessment and repair and on the other hand the pooling of the resources hitherto deployed in Guadeloupe. However, this solution is not satisfactory, especially if this situation were to drag on. Indeed, this pooling does not make it possible to ensure relief interventions for populations in optimal conditions and in fact excludes a concomitant intervention by Dragon in Martinique and Guadeloupe if this proves necessary. There would then be an inextricable dilemma to resolve. This situation is all the more unacceptable as the Easter holidays approach, the long weekends in May and the long school holidays which are periods undeniably conducive to accidents of all kinds. The plane accident of the General Directorate of Civil Aviation which cost the life of its pilot on Thursday April 18, 2019 corroborates the need for substantial resources dedicated to each of the islands and to Guyana, for obvious reasons of protection of the populations. This is why he asks him what concrete measures he intends to take for the immediate assignment in Martinique of a new civil security helicopter in the name of “national solidarity” on which the people of Martinique, like all French citizens, must be able to count.
Question· Question écrite17159open
France · National Assembly · 21 July 2026
Mr. Jean-Philippe Nilor draws the attention of the Minister of Action and Public Accounts to the serious difficulties of access to the land registration and registration service in Martinique. The current operation of this service no longer guarantees many Martinique citizens the effective exercise of their rights. The virtual disappearance of physical reception and the obligation to carry out procedures mainly by email establish a real administrative barrier for a significant part of the population. This development ignores the social and demographic realities of Martinique. The territory is facing a marked aging of its population and a persistent digital divide. For many users, mastery of digital tools constitutes a major obstacle to completing even essential procedures. The inability to communicate directly with an agent deprives these citizens of the support to which they should be entitled and leads them, in fact, to give up asserting their rights. This situation is all the more worrying as Martinique is experiencing a long-standing and profound land disorder. Unsettled inheritances, family joint ownership, incomplete or obsolete property titles continue to paralyze transmission heritage. Mortgage information and copies of deeds are essential to defend their property rights, verify the legality of a real estate transfer or prepare for legal proceedings. In this context, further distancing users from public services amounts to aggravating difficulties instead of resolving them. The uniform application of operating methods designed for territories to realities different cannot constitute a response adapted to the needs of overseas countries. The principle of equality in public service sometimes requires adaptations in order to guarantee real equality of access to rights. Consequently, the MP asks the Minister if the Government intends to re-establish an effective physical and telephone reception within the land registration and registration service in Martinique, to strengthen the staff assigned to this service and put in place an organization adapted to overseas realities, particularly for the elderly, people experiencing illiteracy or illiteracy and families faced with complex land issues. He also asks what specific measures will be taken so that the modernization of the administration does not result, in Martinique, in a decline in access to public service. and a questioning of the equality of citizens with regard to their rights.
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