Question· Question écrite4515open
France · National Assembly
La protection de l'enfance et la lutte contre le système prostitutionnel constituent des objectifs prioritaires by the government comme en témoignent son action et les dernières avancées législatives dans ces domaines. Ainsi la loi no 2016-444 du 13 avril 2016 vise à renforcer la lutte contre le système prostitutionnel et à accompagner les personnes prostituées. Elle prévoit notamment l'abrogation du délit de racolage, les personnes prostituées étant considérées comme des victimes, le renforcement des moyens de lutte contre les réseaux et les proxénètes, des mesures de protection et d'accompagnement, des actions de prévention et de sensibilisation, notamment auprès des élèves du second cycle. Dans le cadre du traitement des victimes, les mineurs victimes de traite des êtres humains bénéficient des dispositifs de mise à l'abri prévus par le droit commun de la protection de l'enfance. Ainsi, en cas d'urgence, article 375-5 du code civil prévoit la possibilité d'un placement provisoire par le juge des enfants ou par le procureur de la République. Il s'agit d'une décision qui peut intervenir lorsque la situation du mineur requiert un placement immédiat afin de le protéger au plus vite du danger. Le Gouvernement s'attache à développer une politique publique à part entière en matière de lutte contre la traite des êtres humains (TEH). Cette volonté s'est traduite par le renforcement de l'arsenal législatif et la mise en œuvre d'un premier plan d'action national contre la traite des êtres humains (TEH) 2014-2016. Ce plan s'articule autour de trois axes: identifier et accompagner les victimes de la traite, poursuivre et démanteler les réseaux de la traite et faire de la lutte contre la traite une politique publique à part entière. La protection des mineurs victimes de traite fait l'objet d'un accompagnement et d'une prise en charge adaptés à la spécificité de ces mineurs. Ces mesures s'intègrent dans la politique mise en œuvre au niveau européen telle qu'elle ressort des directives 2011/36/UE et 2012/29/UE du parlement européen et du conseil. Concernant la prévention et la protection, les actions menées par la France sont réalisées en partenariat avec les instances européennes, les associations de protection de l'enfance et des entreprises du secteur privé. Elles s'articulent autour de deux axes principaux: - la child protection et des adolescents; - la sensibilisation et l'éducation aux médias y compris numériques. En ce qui concerne la child protection et des adolescents, des mesures importantes de police et de justice ont été prises. Des dispositions législatives ont été adoptées pour protéger davantage les enfants de contenus non tolérés par la loi (pédopornographie, racisme, xénophobie) et de contenus choquants qu'ils peuvent rencontrer sur internet (pornographie, grande violence). La loi de 2011 sur la sécurité intérieure prévoit le blocage à la source de sites pédopornographiques par le fournisseur d'accès et crée l'infraction d'usurpation d'identité lorsque cet acte est commis sur un réseau de communication au public en ligne. Depuis 2009, la plate-forme "PHAROS", intégrée à la police nationale et en lien avec Interpol, est le point d'entrée unique de tous les signalements de cybercriminalité. Depuis 2008, la France participe au programme « Safer Internet » de la Commission européenne. Intitulé Internet sans crainte en français, il comprend: - un site de signalement des contenus choquants de l'AFA (association des fournisseurs d'accès à l'internet): pointdecontact.net (en 2016, plus de 23 000 signalements dont plus de la moitié considérés comme illégaux et transmis aux autorités de police) - une ligne téléphonique gratuite pour les parents et les éducateurs: Netécoute 0 800 200 000 (en 2016, 5 000 contacts téléphoniques ou par messagerie électronique) - des actions de sensibilisation et d'information aux risques et au signalement. S'agissant des logiciels de contrôle parental depuis 2006, les fournisseurs d'accès à l'internet et les opérateurs mobiles mettent à disposition des parents un logiciel de contrôle parental gratuit et évolutif. Une attention particulière est portée à l'hypersexualisation des enfants. Ainsi, une Charte "Protection de l'enfant dans les médias » a été signée en février 2012 entre le ministère chargé des affaires sociales et les médias écrits et audiovisuels afin notamment de mieux contrôler les contenus d'hypersexualisation des enfants dans la presse écrite et audiovisuelle. La lutte contre le harcèlement est un objectif majeur. Ainsi en 2014, l'éducation nationale a mis en place un plan de lutte contre le harcèlement à l'école, y compris sur les réseaux sociaux. Ce plan comprend une formation des personnels de l'éducation nationale, une information des élèves et de leurs parents, une ligne téléphonique "Stop harcèlement" et un partenariat avec l'association E-enfance et Facebook. Enfin le premier Plan interministériel de mobilisation et de lutte contre les violences faites aux enfants 2017-2019 comporte la mesure 7 qui vise à mieux protéger les enfants et adolescents de l'exposition à la pornographie, notamment sur Internet. Dans ce cadre, la direction générale de la cohésion sociale a mis en place en juin 2017 un groupe de travail qui avait pour principale mission de trouver des solutions aimed at « prévenir l'exposition des mineurs à la pornographie ». Ce groupe de travail était composé de représentants de différents ministères (Intérieur, DGSCO, DJEPVA), et industriels du secteur du numérique, d'associations et de personnes qualifiées (avocat, sociologue, psychologue). Le groupe de travail est chargé de mener une réflexion et d'élaborer un plan d'actions autour de trois axes: - limiter l'accès à la pornographie par les mineurs par des moyens juridiques et techniques, - promouvoir le soutien à la parentalité numérique, la prévention et la sensibilisation des enfants et des adolescents. Un plan d'actions a été remis à la ministre des solidarités et de la santé en décembre 2017.
Question· Question écrite32550open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Erwan Balanant alerts the Minister of Solidarity and Health to the importance of obstetric and gynecological violence in France. The Institute for Research and Action for Women's Health defines this violence as “a set of gestures, words and medical acts which will affect the physical and mental integrity of women in a more or less severe manner. These acts, on the one hand, are not always medically justified, and, on the other hand, some oppose current scientific data and recommendations.” Concretely, this violence can take a wide variety of forms, such as hysterectomy without consent, refusal or imposition of an epidural or another analgesic, carrying out an examination without consent (insertion of an endovaginal probe, breast palpation, vaginal or rectal examination, etc.), failure to take into account the pain linked to a voluntary termination of pregnancy or during the insertion of an intrauterine device or, more trivially, from the contempt or inappropriate reflections of certain professionals. In 2018, a report from the High Council for Equality between Women and Men entitled “sexist acts during gynecological and obstetrical follow-up” provided eloquent figures on the prevalence of this violence within society. He specifies notably that, in 2016, while an episiotomy was performed during one in five deliveries, one in two women who underwent such an intervention deplored “a lack or total absence of explanation as to the reason”. The same year, 6% of women declared themselves “not at all” or “rather not” satisfied with the monitoring of their pregnancy or childbirth, which represented around 50,000 women. Even more alarming, still in 2016, 3.4% of complaints filed with the disciplinary bodies of the Order of Physicians concerned sexual assault and rape committed by doctors. It is essential to act to allow women to benefit from peaceful access to gynecological and obstetric care, which is by nature so special. He asks what measures the Government intends to adopt to stem this violence, particularly if a An explicit ban on sexist acts in the medical code of ethics is being considered. He also questions her about the initiatives deployed to allow women to know their rights in terms of gynecological and obstetric follow-up, as well as the remedies available to them in the event of non-compliance with them.
Question· Question écrite6591open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Erwan Balanant reminds the Minister of the Economy and Finance that inequalities remain and are increasing between players in physical and digital commerce. In September 2017, he met his German, Italian and Spanish counterparts to consider fairer taxation which would have the effect of putting physical commerce and digital commerce players on an equal footing. As he knows, pure players - companies who carry out their commercial activities solely on the internet - take advantage of their status as distance sellers, established in Member States of the European Union practicing tax dumping, to pay little, or even no, tax in the State where the sales are made. The minister himself denounces this tax optimization strategy within the European Union, and proposes that taxation be proportional to the level of activities carried out in each Member State of the European Union. This system has the advantage of not making the collection of taxes subject to the existence of a “permanent establishment”, since the Google affair has taught us that the current tax rules are not clear on this subject and do not allow tax adjustment for digital players. These tax optimization maneuvers create a distortion of competition between different types of sellers, this situation is not tolerable. It is all the more intolerable as this gap will tend to strengthen over time, since online marketplaces are more and more numerous and regularly used by consumers. In this context and in accordance with his announcements, he asks what is the legislative timetable chosen to implement this tax reform commercial and what modalities it envisages so that digital players and physical merchants are on an equal tax footing.
Question· Question écrite35781answered
France · National Assembly
Mr. Erwan Balanant draws the attention of the Minister of National Education, Youth and Sports to the situation of educational assistants (AED) and more particularly to their career development within this body. Essential to the proper functioning of educational establishments, AEDs are not subject to the general civil service statute. These are the specific provisions of the 4th paragraph of article L. 916-1 of the code of education which provide for their recruitment through contracts of a maximum duration of three years, renewable within the limit of a total engagement period of six years. Certainly, the competition is the normal path to the future exercise of the teaching profession; Certainly there are recruitment facilities to exercise the function of CPE. However, it appears that many AEDs, particularly in rural areas, are not students but come from very diverse socio-professional categories and many have the objective of continuing their career beyond the 6 years of contract within the AED corps. Current legislation does not allow them to consider this prospect. The end of the contract suffered is badly received both by the AEDs but also by the establishments, forced to part with employees they have trained. It is therefore appropriate to examine the possibility of adapting the management of the careers of AEDs to the evolution of the public occupying these functions and to adapt the conditions of employment to the public satisfying the missions inherent to the functions of AED. The opening of the CDI to AEDs is a necessary adaptation of the 2003 law creating the body of AEDs. He asks him how the ministry intends to make this adaptation possible.
Question· Question écrite38113open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Erwan Balanant draws the attention of the Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs to French public development aid intended for education in developing countries. The covid-19 pandemic, which is severely shaking education systems, is causing an unprecedented crisis in the education sector and endangering the future of an entire generation, with the closure of numerous schools in the vast majority of countries of the world. This crisis reveals the importance of supporting strong public services and the continuous links between education, health, hygiene, access to water, prevention and even social protection. While all learners are affected, it is children and young people from the poorest and most vulnerable countries who are most profoundly affected. In this context, it seems important to strengthen the most fragile education systems in their capacity to anticipate crises and resilience in order to avoid disruptions in learning for the most vulnerable populations, particularly adolescent girls. However, French public development aid intended for education in developing countries, as currently distributed, does not fully match France's ambitions nor the importance of this essential public sector to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 4 “ensure equal access to quality education for all and promote lifelong learning opportunities”. Indeed, in 2018, only 1.8% of French bilateral aid was allocated to the education sector. Furthermore, with a contribution of $2.3 million since the creation of the multilateral fund “ Education Cannot Wait” entirely dedicated to education in crisis contexts, French commitment could be amplified to respond to the challenges of education in emergency and post-humanitarian emergency situations. So that French aid to education can respond to the most fundamental and urgent educational needs in this period of great concern for the future of education in the world, France could thus significantly increase its contribution to the “Education Cannot Wait” fund, whose resources are being replenished with the aim of mobilizing $1.8 billion by the end of 2021 to reach 9 million children and young people in countries affected by crises. Thus, he questions him about French public development aid intended for education in developing countries, and particularly about the evolution of France's contribution to the “Education Cannot Wait” fund.
Question· Question écrite38443answered
France · National Assembly
Mr. Erwan Balanant alerts the Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice, on the application of article 222-23 of the penal code defining the crime of rape, in particular, with regard to the interpretation of the notion of sexual penetration. The aforementioned article explicitly states that "any act of sexual penetration of any nature whatsoever, committed on the person of another or on the person of the perpetrator by violence, coercion, threat or surprise is rape.” However, in a judgment of October 14, 2020 (no. 20-83.273), the criminal chamber of the Court of Cassation carried out a worrying interpretation of the notion of sexual penetration, appearing to deliver an ultra legem interpretation. She, in fact, considered that the act of sexual penetration, to be characterized, must meet criteria such as “depth, intensity, duration or movement ". This interpretation seems all the more risky and shocking since, in the case in which it was seized, oral-genital acts and digital touching were at issue repeatedly perpetrated by a man on his partner's daughter, from the age of thirteen onwards. The teenager, aged nineteen at the time of her complaint, claimed in particular “I felt that he penetrated me with his tongue because of his insistence”. However, the Court of Cassation confirms the reclassification of the facts as aggravated sexual assault by the trial judges, considering that the complainant “does not sufficiently characterize a voluntary introduction beyond the edge of the vagina, deep enough to characterize an act of penetration”. In doing so, the criminal chamber of the Court of Cassation restricts the definition of rape and places rape victims in a situation of insecurity legal. This decision also seems to break with widely established case law, since a judgment of the criminal chamber dated February 21, 2007 (no. 06-89.543, bull. crim. no. 61), which retains a purely objective conception of sexual penetration. According to this case law, penetration by a sexual organ or in a sexual organ alone makes it possible to characterize the offense. In particular to prevent such restriction of the definition of rape is ratified, article 1 of law no. 2021-478 of April 21, 2021 aimed at protecting minors from sexual crimes and offenses and incest introduces articles 222-23-1 and 222-23-2 into the penal code. The latter make it possible to include oral-genital acts, whatever they may be, in the definitions of rape of a minor and the new crime of incestuous rape of a minor. However, the risk of reclassification of acts of sexual penetration as sexual assault, when the depth of the penetration is not established, remains, in particular if the victim is an adult. In order to avoid a lasting development in jurisprudence going in this direction and reducing the protection granted to victims, he asks what measures he intends to use to clarify the notion of sexual penetration.
Question· Question écrite5321answered
France · National Assembly
Les directives européennes du 19 décembre 1996 et du 22 juin 1998 ont représenté un premier pas dans l'ouverture des marchés à la concurrence. Elles ont progressivement conduit à instaurer des principes tels que le libre choix du fournisseur d'électricité et de gaz, la liberté d'établissement des fournisseurs d'électricité et de gaz, et l'accès transparent et non discriminatoire aux réseaux de distribution et de transport de l'électricité et du gaz. Aujourd'hui, des entreprises comme ENGIE sont soumises à une concurrence de plus en plus forte. Les chiffres de l'observatoire des marchés de détail, publiés par la commission de régulation de l'énergie (CRE), illustrent l'ampleur des transformations en cours. Pour rester compétitif sur les marchés de gros et de détail de l'énergie, en France comme à l'étranger, et continuer à fournir une énergie au meilleur prix pour le consommateur, ENGIE est contraint de repenser son architecture commerciale. La digitalisation de la relation client s'inscrit dans cette logique, tout comme la possibilité de délocaliser une partie des prestations. ENGIE n'est par ailleurs plus une entreprise focalisée sur le marché national. Au fil des années, elle est devenue une entreprise internationale, à l'activité diversifiée, dont l'État ne détient qu'une participation minoritaire. ENGIE, comme toutes les entreprises diversifiées, se doit de suivre les performances individuelles de chacune de ses activités, afin de se réinventer dans un environnement concurrentiel en constante évolution. Le directeur général de l'énergie et du climat, commissaire by the government au Conseil d'administration, et la représentante de l'agence des participations de l'État, en sa qualité d'administratrice, sont cependant attentifs à la dimension sociale de la transformation du groupe ENGIE. En particulier, le respect de l'accord social européen, qu'ENGIE a signé en avril 2016, avec trois fédérations syndicales européennes, implique qu'une offre d'emploi au sein du groupe soit proposée à tout salarié concerné par la réorganisation. Cet accord prévoit également un important effort de formation pour adapter les compétences des salariés aux nouveaux besoins de l'entreprise dans des domaines variés tels que les énergies renouvelables et les services énergétiques. Les adaptations du groupe ENGIE au nouveau contexte énergétique lui permettent de redéployer ses moyens financiers sur ses nouvelles priorités, qui s'inscrivent pleinement dans la transition énergétique: production d'électricité bas carbone et solutions clients aux particuliers, entreprises et territoires. Cette stratégie de développement a ainsi permis à ENGIE de maintenir le nombre d'emplois au sein de l'entité servant les clients particuliers en France, qui comptait à fin 2017 6 480 employés en CDI contre 6 470 un an plus tôt et 6 500 fin 2015, même si la nature des emplois évolue, avec la diminution des activités liées aux appels téléphoniques et au traitement du courrier papier au profit du développement des activités digitales et marketing. ENGIE estime par ailleurs avoir créé 5 000 emplois nets chez ses prestataires depuis 10 ans, dont deux tiers sur le territoire français, en particulier dans les domaines d'activité commerciale, informatique ou de gestion de clientèle.
Question· Question écrite12247answered
France · National Assembly
Mr. Erwan Balanant draws the attention of the Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs to the implementation of the third international strategy for equality between women and men (2018-2022). Structured around a dual approach, this strategy provides not only for transversal consideration of gender equality, particularly in France's external action, but also for the adoption of specific measures to promotion of women's rights internationally. In addition, it is specified that, by 2022, 50% of bilateral official development assistance in terms of financing volume must be allocated to gender-specific measures, compared to 28% today. The adoption of this strategy is undeniably in the right direction and must be welcomed. Indeed, the achievement of this ambitious objective would allow France to assert itself as one of the leaders Europeans in promoting equality between women and men on the international scene. At the same time, on August 27, 2018, President Emmanuel Macron reaffirmed the pre-eminence that France must give to the emancipation of women in its bilateral public development assistance (see speech by the President of the Republic at the Conference of Ambassadors, August 27, 2018). However, the means allocated to these objectives were not detailed. Indeed, the third international strategy for equality between women and men does not mention either a precise budget dedicated to the promotion of gender equality, nor a concrete action plan. In order to fight pragmatically against the discrimination of which women are too often victims, it is essential to identify the actions that France wishes to take as a priority. It would seem particularly relevant to focus on measures relating to education (31 million girls of school age were out of school in 2016) and the fight against violence (70% of women in the world are victims of violence during their lives). Faced with these findings, has the Government defined a concrete action plan intended to implement the third International Strategy for equality between women and men? men (2018-2022)? What budget and financing methods were chosen? Finally, he asks whether the Government plans to entrust the supervision of the application of this strategy to an institution or a working group.
Question· Question écrite12381answered
France · National Assembly
Mr. Erwan Balanant draws the attention of the Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice, to the conditions required to access adoption as a couple. Article 343 of the Civil Code opens adoption as a couple only to “spouses not separated, married for more than two years or both aged over twenty-eight”. Resulting from Law No. 96-604 of July 5, 1996, this article no longer reflects the reality of society. Indeed, in 2017, 59.9% of children were born outside of marriage. Furthermore, in accordance with Article 2 of the International Convention on the Rights of the Child, civil law allows children to enjoy the same status and rights whether their parents are married or not. Therefore, requiring a matrimonial bond between two people to allow them to adopt together constitutes an outdated and superfluous condition. If it proves essential that a couple who see each other entrusting a child demonstrates a certain stability, the latter is necessarily verified during the adoption procedure. Indeed, the adoption of a ward of the State extends on average over five years and, for international adoptions, the average period varies from three to six years depending on the country. During these long years, the different stages of the procedures, in particular the application for approval and the placement of the child prior to adoption, allow the administration to assess the reliability of adoption plans and the ability of adopters to assert themselves as parents. Consequently, he asks if the Government plans to open joint adoption to couples in a civil partnership or living together, as long as the administration, in particular child welfare, validates their project.
Question· Question écrite8770answered
France · National Assembly
Mr. Erwan Balanant draws the attention of the Minister of Solidarity and Health to the carcinogenic risks of synthetic turf. An investigation entitled “Gazon Suspect” carried out for the program “Envoyé Spécial” on France 2 highlighted the dangerousness of black granules present on all synthetic football fields. These synthetic turfs are composed of recycled rubber granules from used tires which are spread directly between the fibers of plasticized grass. This helps cushion the passage of football players. However, these small black beads contain several toxic and carcinogenic substances, thus seriously threatening the health of athletes. According to the report, in the United States of America, nearly 250 cases of cancer following the ingestion of these particles have been recorded, particularly affecting young people. sportsmen. Goalkeepers are directly affected at a rate of 60%, resulting from their frequent contact with the ground. In New York, Amsterdam and even in Paris since 2017, public authorities have decided to no longer use synthetic turf. In France, these lawns are widely present and allow many municipalities and sports clubs to increase the availability of land. In fact, there are more than 2,800 Football pitches and hundreds of small indoor pitches use synthetic turfs. On average, 200 football stadiums with this type of turf are inaugurated each year. On February 22, 2018, the Government decided to contact the National Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES). A report must be submitted in June 2018 on the possible risks concerning the use of aggregates rubber in football fields. Faced with the findings that will be drawn up, he asks if the Government is considering banning the use of this type of grass, and in this case what measures could be taken to support municipalities already equipped with this equipment in replacing this equipment. If not, he asks if the Government intends to enact measures to control synthetic turf a priori, in particular standards approval, or a posteriori, for example, with regular checks of maintenance in the stadiums. Finally, he asks what measures will be adopted to protect athletes.
Question· Question écrite15168open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Erwan Balanant draws the attention of the Minister of the Armed Forces to lethal autonomous weapons. Since the 1990s, certain military powers have equipped themselves with autonomous weapons. If, originally, these weapons were only intended to carry out surveillance missions, they evolved during the United States' intervention in Iraq in the form of remote-controlled drones and, in recent years, lethal autonomous weapons have emerged. Programmed to neutralize, destroy or even kill, these machines, often referred to as “killer robots”, are capable of detecting a target and putting it to death without any human intervention. These include the SGR-A1 military robot developed by Samsung in South Korea, capable of exterminating any intruder within a radius of 4 kilometers. Another example is that of the MAARS robot in the United States equipped with an M240 submachine gun or a rocket launcher and 360-degree panoramic vision. He moves completely autonomously and if, today, his interventions are still supervised by human soldiers, this will no longer be the case in the near future. In addition to the highly worrying nature of these technologies from a moral point of view, their use would go against humanitarian law. First of all, the principle of humanity, fundamental in humanitarian law, would be found obviously flouted, since the decision to kill and select a target would no longer correspond to an ethical choice, and would not require human intervention. Then, in accordance with the international law of war, in particular the Geneva Convention relating to the protection of civilian persons in time of war of August 12, 1949, civilians must not be targeted for attacks and humanitarian organizations must be able to access conflict zones. However, the use of such technologies would threaten compliance with these essential rules for the protection of populations. Finally, lethal autonomous weapons could obviously malfunction or even be diverted. It cannot be ruled out that certain robots may turn against the soldiers of the army to which they belong. Faced with the severity of these threats, 26 States, 86 non-governmental organizations and 25,000 artificial intelligence experts have spoken out against the use of these weapons. However, negotiations towards the conclusion of an international treaty prohibiting them are compromised. Indeed, at the end of August 2018, the Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems, mandated within the framework of the United Nations Convention on Certain Weapons classics, only succeeded in formulating recommendations and obtaining the renewal of its discussion mandate. On the other hand, no negotiating mandate was granted to it, due to the strict opposition of certain States to the ban, such as Russia, the United States, China and Israel. In response, the European Parliament adopted, on September 12, 2018, a resolution with a view to obtaining a common position from Member States against lethal autonomous weapons and to actively participate in international negotiations to obtain a binding legal instrument prohibiting “any lethal autonomous weapons system whose critical functions, such as the choice and attack of targets, are devoid of human control”. If the discussions are therefore going in the right direction within the European Union, they must be deepened at the international level. END November 2018, during the annual meeting of States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition or Restriction of the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons, a minority of States continued to block the initiation of negotiations to obtain a ban treaty. While the President of the Republic specified that he was “categorically opposed” to killer robots, France only supported the adoption of a political declaration within the walls of the United Nations. Some non-governmental organizations therefore see this as ambiguous. How does the Government plan to fight against the advent of lethal autonomous weapons devoid of any ethics and representing a huge step backwards compared to international humanitarian law? He asks him if France supports the total ban on these weapons or if it is in in favor of a limited legal framework under which these weapons would only be subject to a certain degree of human intervention.
Question· Question écrite16111open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Erwan Balanant alerts the Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs of the need to intensify international negotiations with a view to obtaining an effective ban on whaling. Whales play a crucial role in the functioning of ecosystems. In particular, they allow the circulation of nutrients essential to the primary functioning of the oceans. The scarcity and, a fortiori, the disappearance of certain cetacean communities would then be likely to have dramatic consequences, in particular on the regulation of climate change. In addition to this need to preserve different species, the violent extermination techniques used in whaling make it imperative to ban this practice. In 1982, the International Whaling Commission adopted a moratorium on whaling for commercial purposes. However, some States continue to authorize or tolerate the capture of cetaceans, such as Iceland, Norway and Japan. This last example is particularly striking. On December 26, 2018, Japan announced its withdrawal from the International Whaling Commission (IWC), a body of 89 members, of which it had become a member in 1951. It will thus resume the capture of cetaceans for commercial purposes, from July 2019. This declaration follows years of failures by Japan to meet its international obligations. Since 1987, Japan has issued special permits for the capture of whales under the guise of scientific research, invoking Article VIII of the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling of December 2, 1946. This provision allows States Parties to authorize the "capture and processing whales for scientific research”, by strictly regulating this exemption. However, Japan's compliance with the conditions of this waiver has been repeatedly challenged by other States Parties and non-governmental organizations. In its Australia v Japan judgment of March 31, 2014, the International Court of Justice found that Japan had indeed violated its international obligations deriving from the aforementioned convention, particularly in view of the large volume of samples taken. On July 6, 2016, the European Parliament adopted a resolution on Japan's decision to resume whaling during the 2015-2016 season. Thus, for many years, Japan has been at the origin of behavior contrary to international law, threatening the protection of our biodiversity. There This state's recent decision to withdraw from the CBI further heightens concerns. By what means of dialogue, measures or means of pressure, does France plan to dissuade Japan from resorting to whaling? The day after the ratification of a historic free trade agreement between the European Union and Japan, he asks whether the French Government intends to promote new negotiations between the Union European Union and Japan, so that the capture of cetaceans is prohibited.
Question· Question écrite17224answered
France · National Assembly
Mr. Erwan Balanant draws the attention of the Minister of State, Minister of Ecological and Inclusive Transition, to the hunting of birds with glue. The practice of glue hunting consists of coating glue on a tree branch, the bird lands, and will find itself stuck until a hunter sprays it with solvent to release it and better capture it in order to use it as bait. European Union law prohibits in principle any non-selective hunting method. Indeed, Article 8 of Directive No. 2009/147/EC of November 30, 2009 - and before it the 1979 directive - provides that Member States must prohibit non-selective practices that could locally lead to the extinction of a species. However, Article 9 of the directive provides for exceptions allowing Member States to derogate from the ban, in particular to allow "the capture, detention or any other judicious exploitation of certain birds in small quantities", while specifying that this practice must be strictly controlled and carried out selectively. However, France has, by way of derogation from the European directive, set the conditions for this hunting in a decree of August 17, 1989. The text defines the catch quotas for these wild birds, by department, but also determined the species that can be hunted and the times for setting and removing sticky traps. This is how in France, this technique is authorized in five departments: Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Alpes-Maritimes, Bouches-du-Rhône, Var and Vaucluse. By authorizing glue hunting, France is proceeding, in the best case scenario, with a minimum application of European Union law; this assessment is not in line with the issues of protection of the biodiversity. It is in this context that in 2017, the league for the protection of birds, engaged for several years on the subject, asked its ministry to prohibit this practice by repealing the decree of August 17, 1989. After an implicit decision of rejection on the part of the ministry, the association filed a request for annulment for abuse of power of the decision in order to request a ban on glue hunting. The Council of State rejected by decision of December 28, 2018, the request for repeal of the decree, arguing in particular that the operative part of the decree of August 17, 1989 is consistent with the framework of the 2009 directive. This decision is similar to that rendered by the Council of State in 1992, it is not reassuring to see that although 26 years separate the two rejection decisions of the Council of State, the protection of biodiversity is still not a priority for France. THE Council of State considered that the contested provisions comply with the directive in that they mention the species concerned by glue hunting and the conditions of use of glue. Does this allow us to deduce that glue hunting is a selective practice? No, it is not inherently selective, since any bird deciding to land on the branch coated with glue will find itself stuck. The selective character is in fact placed in the hands of the hunter who will decide whether to release the bird or not, whether legally or not. The lack of selectivity of glue leads to the destruction of protected bird species, not to mention that the conditions for destroying glue-coated traps are never addressed and that their possible release into the environment can be the cause of the destruction of other species such as small mammals, or even birds. amphibians. Furthermore, regarding checks on this type of hunting, there are not many of them and the law does not facilitate the action of the authorities since there is no obligation to locate hunting stations. How can we check if we do not know where to go and check? In a world where biodiversity is collapsing, doesn't he think that the practice of glue hunting belongs to the past? It is in this context that he asks him if he intends to comply with European law and, thus, prohibit glue hunting, a non-selective practice.
Question· Question écrite17299open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Erwan Balanant draws the attention of the Minister of State, Minister for Ecological and Inclusive Transition, to France's recurring breaches of European Union law in environmental matters. At the end of January 2019, the European Commission sent four formal notices to France, triggering as many infringement procedures against it, on the basis of Article 258 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the Union European. As part of the first procedure, the European Commission considers that France had only partially transposed Directive (EU) No. 2015/1513 relating to the promotion of the use of energy produced from renewable sources. This directive aims, on the one hand, to reduce the risk of indirect changes in land use linked to the production of biofuels, and on the other hand, to initiate the transition towards advanced biofuel products. The deadline for its transposition was December 10, 2017. In the second procedure, the European Commission considers that France has carried out an incorrect transposition of Directive No. 2012/27/EU relating to energy efficiency, amending Directives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing Directives 2004/8/EC and 2006/32/EC. The deadline for transposition having expired since June 5, 2014, the European Commission asks France to present, within two months, the arguments aimed at demonstrating that it complies with the obligations set by this directive so that the European Union increases its energy efficiency by 20% between 2012 and 2020. The third procedure concerns the implementation of Regulation (EU) No. 1143/2014 of October 22, 2014 relating to prevention and to the management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species, entered into force on 1 January 2015. After that date, Member States were required, on the one hand, to establish dissuasive sanctions and, on the other hand, to draw up specific lists of invasive alien species, which had to be communicated to the Commission. Faced with France's inaction, the European Commission urged it to provide said information within two months. By the fourth procedure, the European Commission criticizes France for not having brought its legislation into compliance with Directive No. 2008/50/EC concerning ambient air quality and clean air for Europe, the obligation to take appropriate measures to shorten the excess periods as much as possible. Once again, France has two months to present its arguments. These four formal notices highlight blatant delays which seriously harm citizens. Until now, France has not been able to allow them to benefit from these various essential advances for the energy transition. Furthermore, in the absence of responses that the European Commission considers satisfactory, the latter would be likely to issue, in each of these procedures, a reasoned opinion, corresponding to the second phase of the infringement procedure provided for by Article 258 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. Under this same provision, the Court of Justice could then be seized. Almost a month after receiving these implementations, he asked what measures have been taken or are planned by the Government to bring France into compliance with its European obligations and to guarantee these ecological advances to fellow citizens. Finally, he would like to know what response France intends to provide to the European Commission in order to prevent the latter from issuing reasoned opinions or opening proceedings before the Court of Justice of the European Union.
Question· Question écrite17853open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Erwan Balanant alerts the Secretary of State to the Minister of Solidarity and Health about dating sites intended for adolescents. For around ten years, online platforms have proliferated with the aim of allowing adolescents to meet people, in particular to engage in “druggage”. While 30% of high school students say they have already visited this type of site, they are not suitable for minor audience. Their moderation is subject to serious deficiencies which place young people in danger. Indeed, no control is generally carried out concerning the identity of the registrants, their age or the actual obtaining of parental authorization when it is requested. Additionally, the generally targeted age range is 13 to 25 years old. To justify this non-distinction between minor adolescents and young adults, certain sites claim studies concluding that adolescence now ends around 24 years old. However, as the e-enfance association points out, this significant age gap is likely to encourage child crime. The association denounces in particular the possibility for sexual predators aged around thirty to lie about their age and to enter into discussions with very young adolescents. Indeed, on certain platforms, it is possible to receive messages without even having accepted any contact request from the sender. This contact is often accompanied by requests for exchanges through another means, thus making any control even more difficult. An immersion lasting several weeks carried out by the daily Libération reveals that the profile of a 13-year-old girl looking for friendly relations is contacted on average by 50% of men aged over 20 years. The messages received are full of requests of a sexual nature: requests for naked photos or webcam exchanges, sadomasochistic proposals, offers to engage in surrogacy. Faced with these dangers for pre-adolescents and adolescents and the risk that they abandon real relationships, what prevention and awareness measures does the Government intend to adopt? Are there plans to strengthen the moderation obligations of managers of dating sites intended for adolescents in order to prevent criminal behavior online? Finally, he asks what methods are used to pursue and sanction this behavior.
Question· Question écrite17990open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Erwan Balanant alerts the Minister of State, Minister of Ecological and Inclusive Transition, to the situation of CNRS researchers working in areas subject to worrying climatic and telluric phenomena. France must face risks linked to both climatic conditions and seismic and volcanic instability. Whether on metropolitan territory or overseas, the State must be able to protect citizens. This involves effective and active surveillance of risk areas. To do this, it is necessary to remain alert to the evolution of natural risks, as currently on the Piton de la Fournaise. This monitoring mission is operated by Météo-France but not only: the CNRS contributes significantly to this monitoring. Since its creation, Météo-France has, by decree no. 93-861 of June 18, 1993, been invested with a mission observation, monitoring and warning regarding meteorological safety of people and property. As such, this organization is responsible for meeting the needs expressed in terms of civil security, prevention of major risks and nuclear safety. The mission entrusted to Météo-France must, to be effective, find its basis in a constant study of the phenomena listed above. It is therefore necessary to move researchers to crisis zones. The constraints linked to the surveillance exercise are governed by rules aimed at protecting researchers during their work in exposed areas and ensuring them social protection in the event of an incident. The difference between Météo-France and the CNRS lies in the level of authorization. If it is specified, in the decree creating the first organization, that its mission is to ensure the triptych observation, surveillance, alert, Decree No. 84-431 of June 6, 1984, creating the CNRS, only mentions research and training missions. However, for research purposes, the researcher is required to travel to risk areas, which in particular involves constraints. However, unlike Météo-France staff, CNRS agents do not benefit from the guarantees and rights affiliated to the on-call regime. He him asks what it plans to ensure that CNRS agents can benefit from guarantees linked to on-call duty when staff carry out an observation, surveillance and control mission in risk areas.
Question· Question écrite21439open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Erwan Balanant alerts the Minister of Solidarity and Health to the discrimination suffered by people carrying the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). While the joint United Nations program on HIV and AIDS announces the end of the epidemic by 2030, in France, around 6,000 new cases of HIV are still detected each year. Faced with this observation, prevention efforts must continue and intensify, especially since young people seem less informed or cautious than around ten years ago. In parallel with these prevention actions and incentives for testing, we must wage another fight: that against the discrimination faced by people infected with HIV. Indeed, if the development of new treatments has made it possible to considerably improve the conditions and life expectancy of people HIV-positive people, now comparable to those of a person not carrying HIV, they continue to be strongly marginalized. Society and the law that governs it therefore evolve much more slowly than science in this regard. The figures are alarming: according to a study carried out by the AIDES association, in 2016, 43.6% of HIV-positive people declared having suffered discrimination in the private sphere (family, friends), 16.4% in their professional life and 23.6%, in the medical field. This last figure is of particular concern: certain medical and paramedical personnel, although informed of the evolution of treatments and the impossibility for a person whose viral load has become undetectable to transmit the virus, oppose, on principle, a refusal of care to HIV carriers. The latter denounce in particular the difficulty of finding a professional agreeing to provide them with dental care. Additionally, HIV-positive people face legal and administrative barriers in all aspects of their lives. For example, if access to bank loans for HIV-positive people was made easier in 2017, certain HIV carriers can still be allocated a surcharge of 100% of the standard rate of a loan. Furthermore, in cases of people having recourse to triple therapy, obtaining the status of disabled person is not automatic, even when the side effects justify it. What actions does the Government intend to put in place to increase prevention of the HIV virus while actively combating serophobia? He asks what measures are planned to put an end to the various unjustified legal and administrative obstacles facing HIV carriers must cope.
Question· Question écrite21512open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Erwan Balanant alerts the Minister of Labor to the worrying extent of the resolution of cases of sexual harassment at work, through transactional protocols. Sexual harassment is defined in article L. 222-33 of the penal code as “the fact of repeatedly imposing on a person comments or behaviors with sexual or sexist connotations which either undermine their dignity because of their degrading nature or humiliating, or create an intimidating, hostile or offensive situation against him.” Sexual harassment at work is a particularly alarming phenomenon: it affects one in five women and is likely to threaten the mental and physical health of victims. In addition to the applicable criminal sanctions, sexual harassment at work is also punishable by article L. 1153-1 of the labor code. However, to avoid doing subject to civil or criminal convictions, companies where sexual harassment is widespread strongly encourage victims to enter into a transaction. They then offer to pay compensation to the victim, to compensate for their damage. In return for this compensation, the victim undertakes to drop all proceedings and to remain silent about his harassment and the existence of a memorandum of understanding. An article from France Info published on June 8, 2019 denounced this practice which, due to its secret nature, remains largely unknown to public services and civil society. However, it is the source of real failures. The confidentiality of transactions does not entail any change in the behavior of the company concerned. Without any condemnation or change in behavior on the part of the company, the transaction does not allow for a fight against sexual harassment, on the contrary, it constitutes, for the perpetrators of harassment, a means of burying the facts without having to answer for their actions. This is all the more worrying because once the transaction is concluded, the victim will no longer be able to even mention this violence in another trial in which she would be required to testify. Some lawyers therefore believe that these transactions may amount to subordination of witnesses, an offense punishable by three years' imprisonment and a fine of 45,000 euros, in accordance with article L. 434-15 of the penal code. Furthermore, this massive recourse to transactions has, once again, the consequence of denying the victim status of those compensated via such transactions. Poorly informed of their rights and remedies in the event of harassment, it is rare for victims to denounce the facts as soon as they first demonstrations. Thus, and even more so in the long term, sexual harassment causes psychological consequences for employees, sometimes making them unfit for work and likely to lead to their dismissal for incapacity. It is when the employee, unjustly dismissed, appeals to the industrial tribunal that an offer of settlement from the employee appears. The victims, weakened and having lost their jobs, often do not have the means to go to court for a long and grueling trial. They then often feel forced to accept this financial exchange. This practice mainly concerns women, it deepens the massive discrimination to which they are victims in their workplace. He asks what measures the Government intends to take to remedy this phenomenon and how to improve prevention around rights of victims of sexual harassment at work and support for them.
Question· Question écrite8725open
France · National Assembly
M. Erwan Balanant attire l'attention de Mme la garde des sceaux, ministre de la justice, sur la justice pénale des mineurs. Le Gouvernement a déposé au Sénat un texte visant à mener une réforme de la justice, en vue de moderniser cette institution et de répondre efficacement aux attentes des citoyens. Ce projet de réforme contient des mesures relatives à la diversification des modes de prise en charge des mineurs délinquants et il convient de saluer cette initiative. Toutefois, le régime introduit par l'ordonnance n° 45-174 du 2 février 1945 relative à l'enfance délinquante peut encore être amélioré. Modifiée à près de quarante reprises, cette ordonnance vient compléter des textes épars, ce qui a pour conséquence un certain manque de lisibilité du régime pénal applicable aux mineurs. De plus, la Commission consultative des droits de l'Homme souligne la nécessité d'entreprendre une réforme urgente de la justice pénale des mineurs afin, d'une part, d'en rendre le fonctionnement plus clair et, d'autre part, de réaffirmer les règles et principes structurant le droit pénal des mineurs. À l'heure où le Gouvernement entreprend un véritable travail sur le sens et les modalités de la justice, il semble pertinent d'engager une réflexion générale et profonde, en vue de faire évoluer les principes cardinaux de l'arsenal répressif applicable aux mineurs. Ainsi, outre la prise en charge des mineurs délinquants, cette réflexion pourrait permettre d'affiner le principe de l'atténuation de la responsabilité pénale des mineurs et ses applications, notamment en matière de prescription ou de récidive. Il lui demande quelles mesures concrètes le Gouvernement envisage d'adopter afin de trouver un meilleur équilibre entre la dualité protection-punition poursuivie par la répression de l'enfance délinquante et la nécessité de protéger les victimes.
Question· Question écrite23099open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Erwan Balanant alerts the Minister of Solidarity and Health to the recruitment difficulties encountered by personal service and home help structures. In 2016, nearly 760,000 elderly people losing their independence benefited from the services of a home help and support service. By 2050, France will have nearly five million people aged over 85. In a context where demands support services for the elderly are more and more numerous, 45% of structures declare that they encounter difficulties in recruiting staff and are therefore unable to honor their commitments with dependent people. Several associations of home help professionals (ADMR, UNA Bretagne) have denounced a crisis situation: the sector suffers from a lack of attractiveness linked in particular to arduousness working conditions, low pay and precariousness of care workers. Employees, paid on average 9.2 euros net per hour, generally carry out this activity part-time. Another dissuasive factor is the possession of a vehicle, essential to the exercise of the profession, while the mileage allowance is little or nothing covered. To overcome these structural difficulties, the Government is committed to carry out an action to modernize home help and support services. Work has already been carried out to renovate the method of financing these services, in particular by deploying a support envelope of 100 million euros included in the PLFSS for the years 2019 and 2020. Given the demographic challenge and the real shortage of home support professionals, he would like to know the measures that the Government intends to adopt to develop training and improve the visibility of these professions so that the sector can recruit in greater numbers.
Question· Question écrite27928answered
France · National Assembly
Mr. Erwan Balanant draws the attention of the Minister of Solidarity and Health to the risk of multiplication of depressive pathologies linked to confinement. The coronavirus epidemic currently raging in France and Europe is the cause of an unprecedented health crisis. In this context, on March 16, the President of the Republic decided on confinement at the national level. While this measure obviously proves crucial to avoid the spread of the epidemic and the over-saturation of our health services, it is however likely to have harmful consequences on the psychological health of citizens. Indeed, at least two recent studies should raise alarm. On the one hand, the journal General Psychiatry, in its March 6 edition, includes the first study on the psychological effects of quarantine linked to the covid-19 epidemic in China. Based on 52,730 responses collected through an online questionnaire, the study reveals that 35% of respondents were subject to moderate psychological stress and 5.24% to severe stress. Symptoms of anxiety or psychological distress affect women more than men, people aged 18 to 30 or over 60, and migrant workers. Furthermore, on March 14, the British scientific journal The Lancet has published an article putting into perspective twenty-four studies relating to the psychological effects of confinement, carried out during previous epidemics, notably SARS, Ebola or the H1N1 flu. The results of these different investigations agree. Quarantine measures are likely to cause stress, anxiety or psychological disorders which, in the most serious cases, lead to suicide. These symptoms do not do not necessarily stop with the end of the confinement period, but can last for several years, with serious consequences, both for the people affected and for the health system. It also appears that the psychological disorders caused by confinement measures are of major importance when the period of confinement is unknown or unlimited. Faced with these alarming findings, scientists recommend the adoption of various measures such as the promotion of communication focused more on altruism than on obsession, the establishment of discussion groups dedicated to life in confinement, the effective provision of toll-free numbers run by health professionals as well as repeatedly sending thanks and encouragement to confined people. In France, many psychologists and psychiatrists offer teleconsultations. However, it is likely that these will primarily address their patients prior to the health crisis and will only partially allow new patients to be taken care of. The remarkable work accomplished by associations fighting against loneliness, notably SOS Amitié in charge of a helpline, must also be praised. It is essential that they are helped to maintain their operation as effectively as possible during the health crisis, in particular, where appropriate, by increasing the resources made available to them. During this period of quarantine, he asks what measures the Government intends to adopt to stem the development of anxiety pathologies, and how it intends to support associations fighting against loneliness.
Question· Question écrite32237open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Erwan Balanant draws the attention of the Minister of Solidarity and Health to the coverage of transport costs in a bariatric ambulance. Bariatric health transport for people suffering from obesity or with disabilities requires a vehicle equipped with specific equipment and a dedicated team of four people. If the use of a so-called “classic” means of medical transport is reimbursed by health insurance, the additional cost of a bariatric ambulance is not covered by social security, including when the patient presents a medical prescription to this effect. Therefore, the remaining costs for patients having to resort to this transport can be significant, particularly if they suffer from chronic pathologies requiring regular medical monitoring and frequent appointments in hospitals. This lack of financial support for bariatric ambulance transport costs can make it difficult to access care for disabled or obese people, who do not have the financial means to bear the additional cost. Also, he would like to know what measures he plans to take to remedy this discriminatory situation.
Question· Question écrite1170answered
France · National Assembly · 22 October 2024
Mr. Erwan Balanant alerts the Secretary of State to the Minister of Solidarity, Autonomy and Equality between Women and Men, responsible for equality between women and men, about the lack of sustainability and therefore the removal of the rate increased to 75% for donations made to associations carrying out "concrete actions to help victims of domestic violence, who offer them support or who contribute to promoting their rehousing. Article 200 of the general tax code specifies that donations made to certain entities such as foundations, associations, charities and higher education establishments may give rise to an income tax reduction of 66% within the limit of 20% of taxable income. The “Coluche” system makes it possible to increase the rate of this tax reduction to 75% for “ payments made to non-profit organizations which provide free meals to people in difficulty, which contribute to promoting their housing or which mainly provide free care (...) to people in difficulty” within the limit of an increased ceiling of 1,000 euros instead of 552 euros until 2026. Article 163 of the finance law for 2020 made it possible to extend to experimentally the benefit of this rate increased by 75% for donations made to associations carrying out “concrete actions to help victims of domestic violence, which offer them support or which contribute to promoting their rehousing”. Initially planned for two years, this system was extended for two additional years to apply to payments made until December 31, 2023. The adoption of the experimental device in 2019 was also accompanied by a request for a report which was to be submitted before the end of 2021 on the advisability of extending this device. In the absence of a report and anticipating the end of the experiment, several amendments were tabled during the debates on the finance bills for 2023 and 2024 in order, if not to perpetuate the system, at least to extend its experiment. However, these proposals were not retained by the Government in the finance law for 2023 nor in the finance law for 2024. The President of the Republic has made the fight against violence against women one of the major causes of his second five-year term. On November 25, 2023, on the occasion of the international day against violence against women, he reiterated his desire to put an end to these violence. According to figures from the Ministry of Justice, 94 feminicides were committed in France in 2023, which represents a drop of 20% compared to 2022. Far from being satisfactory, this figure however shows that the actions of the Government and Parliament are bearing fruit. This reduction would not be possible without the work of the aforementioned organizations. It is undeniable that their action is an essential cog in the fight against domestic violence as well as the care and protection of victims and co-victims of this violence. For all these reasons, he asks if this experiment should not be perpetuated in order to ensure the continuity of donations in favor of these organizations fighting against domestic violence and allow them to come to the aid of all victims of domestic violence.
Question· Question écrite18445open
France · National Assembly · 11 June 2024
Mr. Erwan Balanant alerts the Minister Delegate to the Prime Minister, responsible for equality between women and men and the fight against discrimination, about the elimination of the benefit of the increased rate of 75% for donations made to associations carrying out concrete actions for victims of domestic violence. Article 200 of the general tax code specifies that donations made to certain entities such as foundations, associations, organizations and higher education establishments may qualify for an income tax reduction of 66% within the limit of 20% of taxable income. The “Coluche” system makes it possible to increase the rate of this tax reduction to 75% for “payments made for the benefit of non-profit organizations which provide free meals to people in difficulty, which contribute to promote their housing or who carry out, primarily, the provision of free care (...) to people in difficulty" within the limit of an increased ceiling of 1,000 euros instead of 552 euros until 2026. Article 163 of the finance law for 2020 made it possible to extend on an experimental basis the benefit of this rate increased by 75% for donations made to associations carrying out "concrete actions to help to the victims of domestic violence, who offer them support or who help to promote their rehousing”. Initially planned for two years, this system was extended for two additional years to apply to payments made until December 31, 2023. The adoption of the experimental system in 2019 was also accompanied by a request for a report which was to be submitted before the end of 2021 on the advisability of extending this device. In the absence of a report and anticipating the end of the experiment, several amendments were tabled by the MP during the debates on the finance bills for 2023 and 2024 in order, if not to perpetuate the system, at least to extend its experiment. These proposals were, however, not retained by the Government in the finance law for 2023 nor in the finance law for 2024. The President of the Republic has made the fight against violence against women one of the major causes of his second five-year term. On November 25, 2024, on the occasion of the International Day Against Violence Against Women, he reiterated his desire to put an end to this violence. According to figures from the Ministry of Justice, 94 feminicides were committed in France in 2023, which represents a drop of 20% per year. compared to 2022. Far from being satisfactory, this figure nevertheless shows that the actions of the Government and Parliament are bearing fruit. This reduction would not be possible without the work of the aforementioned organizations. It is undeniable that their action is an essential cog in the fight against domestic violence as well as the care and protection of victims and co-victims of this violence. For all these reasons, he would like to know if the Government intends to perpetuate this experiment in order to ensure the continuity of donations in favor of these organizations fighting against domestic violence and allow them to come to the aid of all victims of domestic violence.
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