Rule of law

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to give citizens of the United States the right to enact and repeal laws by voting on legislation in a national election.

United States · United States Congress · 28 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Provides for enactment and repeal of laws by popular vote, except for the constitutional powers of Congress to declare war and execute laws. Excludes the right to propose constitutional amendments. Requires an issue to be placed on the ballot in the next congressional election if a petition proposing enactment or repeal of a law is signed by three percent of the whole number of people who voted in the last presidential election in each of ten States. Requires for passage that such proposal receive a majority of votes cast in all States. Declares that no law passed by popular vote is subject to presidential approval or amendment or repeal during the two-year period after enactment except by a two-thirds vote of each House of Congress.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relating to the election of the President and Vice President.

United States · United States Congress · 28 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Provides that the people of the several States and the District of Columbia shall elect the President and Vice President. Requires each elector to cast a single vote for two persons who shall have consented to the joining of their names as candidates for the offices of President and Vice President. Requires the electors of President and Vice President in each State to have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislature, except that for electors of President and Vice President, the legislature of any State may prescribe less restrictive residence qualifications and for electors of President and Vice President the Congress may establish uniform residence qualifications. Provides that the pair of persons having the greatest number of votes for President and Vice President shall be elected, if such number be at least 40 percent of the whole number of votes cast. Provides that if no pair of persons has such number, a runoff election shall be held in which the choice of President and Vice President shall be made from the two pairs of persons who received the highest number of votes. Requires the days for such elections to be determined by Congress and to be uniform throughout the United States. Requires Congress to prescribe by law the time, place, and manner in which the results for such elections shall be ascertained and declared. Allows Congress to provide for the case of the death, inability, or withdrawal of any candidate for President or Vice President before a President and Vice President have been elected, and for the case of the death of both the President-elect and Vice President-elect.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to establish a ten year term of office for federal judges.

United States · United States Congress · 27 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Limits the tenure of Federal judges (including Supreme Court justices) to a ten-year term during good behavior. Authorizes an additional term upon the advice and consent of the Senate.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States with respect to the offering of prayer in public buildings.

United States · United States Congress · 27 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Declares that nothing in the Constitution shall abridge the right of persons to participate in voluntary prayer in public buildings.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States with respect to the right to life.

United States · United States Congress · 27 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Defines "person" to include the unborn for the purpose of the right to life guarantee. Makes such amendment inapplicable to laws permitting medical procedures required to prevent the death of the mother.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States.

United States · United States Congress · 23 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Declares that nothing in the Constitution shall: (1) be deemed to prohibit voluntary participation in prayer in public buildings or making reference to a Supreme Being in public activities or documents; or (2) constitute an establishment of religion.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution to provide for the direct popular election of the President and vice president of the United States.

United States · United States Congress · 23 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Provides that the people of the several States and the District of Columbia shall elect the President and Vice President. Requires each elector to cast a single vote for two persons who shall have consented to the joining of their names as candidates for the offices of President and Vice President. Requires the electors of President and Vice President in each State to have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislature, except that for electors of President and Vice President the legislature of any State may prescribe less restrictive residence qualifications and for electors of President and Vice President the Congress may establish uniform residence qualifications. Provides that the pair of persons having the greatest number of votes for President and Vice President shall be elected, if such number be at least 40 percent of the whole number of votes cast. Provides that if no pair of persons has such number, a runoff election shall be held in which the choice of President and Vice President shall be made from the two pairs of persons who received the highest number of votes. Requires the days for such elections to be determined by Congress and to be uniform throughout the United States. Requires Congress to prescribe by law the time, place, and manner in which the results for such elections shall be ascertained and declared. Allows Congress to provide for the case of the death, inability, or withdrawal of any candidate for President or Vice President before a President and Vice President have been elected, and for the case of the death of both the President-elect and Vice President-elect.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States for the protection of unborn children and for other purposes.

United States · United States Congress · 22 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Defines "person" to include the unborn for the purpose of the right to life guarantee. Makes such amendment inapplicable to laws permitting medical procedures required to prevent the death of the mother.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States guaranteeing the right of life.

United States · United States Congress · 22 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Declares that the right to life vests in a human being from the moment of fertilization.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States with respect to the right to life.

United States · United States Congress · 22 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Defines "person" to include the unborn for the purpose of the right to life guarantee. Makes such amendment inapplicable to laws permitting medical procedures required to prevent the death of the mother.

A bill to repeal sections 3478 and 3479 of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 204 and 205), which impose a requirement upon persons prosecuting claims, either as attorney or on their own account, to take the oath of allegiance and to support the Constitution of the United States.

United States · United States Congress · 22 January 1981

Repeals the provisions of Federal law requiring persons prosecuting claims, either as attorneys or on their own account, before any department or agency of the United States, to take the oath of allegiance and to support the Constitution of the United States.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States which prohibits any deficit in the budget of the United States except in any fiscal year during which the United States is at war or during which a state of emergency has been declared by the Congress.

United States · United States Congress · 22 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Prohibits expenditures from exceeding revenues during any fiscal year and from exceeding an amount equal to 20 percent of the gross national product of the United States during the last calendar year which ends before the beginning of such fiscal year. Permits the suspension, during any fiscal year, of the prohibition relating to expenditures in excess of 20 percent of the gross national product, but only if the Congress requires that the total amount of expenditures does not exceed an amount determined pursuant to other appropriate criteria established by the Congress. Directs that, if in any fiscal year the total amount of revenues exceeds the total amount of expenditures, such expenditures shall be used for the purposes of reducing the public debt of the United States or providing tax relief for taxpayers. Declares that the prohibitions of this article shall not apply during a fiscal year during any part of which the United States is at war. Permits a suspension of this article during a state of national emergency as declared by a two-thirds vote of the Congress.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution to provide that, except in time of war and economic emergency declared by the Congress, expenditures of the Government may not exceed revenues of the Government during any fiscal year.

United States · United States Congress · 22 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Prohibits total Federal expenditures from exceeding net revenue. Authorizes suspension of such prohibition in time of war or national economic emergency upon the concurrence of both Houses of Congress. Requires the Congress, with respect to the suspension of such prohibition in the case of a national economic emergency, to take into consideration the extent and rate of industrial activity, unemployment, inflation, and other appropriate factors.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to provide that appropriations made by the United States shall not exceed its revenues, except in time of war or national emergency.

United States · United States Congress · 22 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Prohibits total Federal expenditures from exceeding total revenues. Authorizes the suspension of such prohibition in time of war or national emergency by a concurrent resolution which has passed each House of Congress by an affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of its authorized membership.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution to provide that, except in time of war or economic emergency declared by the Congress, expenditures of the Government may not exceed the revenues of the Government during any fiscal year.

United States · United States Congress · 22 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Prohibits total Federal expenditures from exceeding net revenue. Authorizes suspension of such prohibition in time of war or national economic emergency upon the concurrence of two-thirds of the Members of each House of Congress. Requires the Congress, with respect to the suspension of such prohibition in the case of a national economic emergency, to take into consideration the extent and rate of industrial activity, unemployment, and inflation, and other appropriate factors.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to provide that appropriations made by the Congress shall not exceed the revenues of the United States, except in time of war or national emergency, and to provide for the systematic repayment of the debt of the United States.

United States · United States Congress · 22 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Prohibits the total appropriations of Congress from exceeding estimated revenues. Authorizes the suspension of such prohibition in time of war or national emergency. Prohibits any increase in the national debt as it exists on the date this article is ratified. Sets forth a schedule for repayment of the national debt.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States limiting annual increases in Federal budget outlays and new Federal budget authority.

United States · United States Congress · 22 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Prohibits total budget outlays and total new budget authority for any fiscal year from exceeding the corresponding levels for the preceding fiscal year by a percentage greater than the average annual percentage of increase in the gross national product during the three preceding calendar years. Permits suspension of such limitation for a two-year term of the Congress in time of war or national emergency by a concurrent resolution agreed to by three-fourths of the authorized membership of each House.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States.

United States · United States Congress · 22 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Declares that nothing in the Constitution shall be construed to forbid prayer in public places or institutions including schools, or to forbid religious instruction which is provided under private auspices, whether or not religious. Declares that the right of the people to participate in prayer or religious instruction shall never be infringed by the United States or the several States.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States with respect to public prayer.

United States · United States Congress · 22 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Declares that nothing in the Constitution shall be construed to forbid prayer in public places or institutions including schools. Declares that the right of the people to participate in prayer shall never be infringed by the United States or the several States.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to insure that due process and equal protection are afforded to an individual with respect to the right to life.

United States · United States Congress · 22 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Defines "person" to include the unborn for the purpose of the right to life guarantee. Makes such amendment inapplicable when continuation of the pregnancy will cause the death of the mother.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States with respect to the right to life.

United States · United States Congress · 22 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Defines "person" to include the unborn for the purpose of the right to life guarantee. Makes such amendment inapplicable to laws permitting medical procedures required to prevent the death of the mother.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to prohibit any Member of Congress sentenced for conviction of a felony during a session of Congress from continuing to serve as a Member of such Congress after the date of such sentencing.

United States · United States Congress · 22 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Prohibits any Member of Congress sentenced for a violation of any State or Federal law for a term of imprisonment exceeding one year from continuing to serve as a Member after the date of sentencing.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to limit the number of consecutive Congresses in which Senators and Representatives may serve.

United States · United States Congress · 22 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Prohibits any person from being a Senator or Member of the House of Representative during more than six consecutive Congresses.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relating to the compensation of Senators and Representatives, providing that no increase in compensation shall take effect earlier than the following Congress.

United States · United States Congress · 22 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Prohibits any increase in compensation for Senators and Representatives to take effect until an election of Representatives has intervened.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require a two-thirds vote of each House to increase taxes.

United States · United States Congress · 22 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Requires any change in the U.S. tax law to increase Federal revenue to be approved by not less than two-thirds of all Members of Congress.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to give citizens of the United States the right to enact and repeal laws by voting on legislation in a national election.

United States · United States Congress · 22 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Provides for enactment and repeal of laws by popular vote, except for the constitutional powers of Congress to declare war and execute laws. Excludes the right to propose constitutional amendments. Requires an issue to be placed on the ballot in the next congressional election if a petition proposing enactment or repeal of a law is signed by three percent of the whole number of people who voted in the last presidential election in each of ten States. Requires for passage that such proposal receive a majority of votes cast in all States. Declares that no law passed by popular vote is subject to presidential approval or amendment or repeal during the two-year period after enactment except by a two-thirds vote of each House of Congress.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States with respect to the right to life.

United States · United States Congress · 22 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Defines "person" to include the unborn for the purpose of the right to life guarantee. Makes such amendment inapplicable to laws permitting medical procedures required to prevent the death of the mother.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States guaranteeing the right to life.

United States · United States Congress · 22 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Declares that the right to life vests in a human being from the moment of fertilization.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States guaranteeing the right to life.

United States · United States Congress · 22 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Declares that the right to life vests in a human being from the moment of fertilization.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require (except during fiscal years during which the United States is at war or during which a suspension is approved) that the annual deficit of the United States be eliminated, to require tax rates to be reduced to offset the effects of inflation, and to establish a procedure for the approval of bills or joint resolutions affecting taxes.

United States · United States Congress · 20 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Prohibits the total amount of money expended by the United States in any fiscal year from exceeding the total amount of revenue received by the United States during such fiscal year, except in time of war as declared by the Congress. Allows the suspension of the amendment by a joint resolution approved by a vote of three-fifths of the Members of each House of the Congress and approved and signed by the President, or by a vote of two-thirds of the Members of each House of the Congress. Requires tax rates to be reduced to offset the effects of inflation. Establishes a procedure for the approval of bills or joint resolutions affecting taxes.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States limiting annual increases in Federal budget outlays and new Federal budget authority.

United States · United States Congress · 20 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Limits any increase in the Federal spending from the previous fiscal year to the average annual percentage increase in the gross national product for the preceding three years. Permits the suspension of such limitation for two years in time of war or national emergency upon the passage of a concurrent resolution by a three-fourths vote of both Houses of Congress.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to provide that appropriations made by the United States shall not exceed its revenues, except in time of war or national emergency; and to provide for the systematic paying back of the national debt.

United States · United States Congress · 20 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Prohibits the total appropriations of Congress from exceeding estimated revenues. Authorizes the suspension of such prohibition in time of war or national emergency. Prohibits any increase in the national debt as it exists on the date this article is ratified. Sets forth a schedule for repayment of the national debt.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to provide that appropriations made by the United States shall not exceed its revenues, except in time of war or national emergency; and to provide for the systematic paying back of the national debt.

United States · United States Congress · 20 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Prohibits the total appropriations of Congress from exceeding estimated revenues. Authorizes the suspension of such prohibition in time of war or national emergency. Prohibits any increase in the national debt as it exists on the date this article is ratified. Sets forth a schedule for repayment of the national debt.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States with respect to the right to life.

United States · United States Congress · 20 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Defines "person" to include the unborn for the purpose of the right to life guarantee. Makes such amendment inapplicable to laws permitting medical procedures required to prevent the death of the mother.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States with respect to Senators and Representatives and the number of terms either may serve.

United States · United States Congress · 19 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Limits the term of office for Members of the Senate to six years and prohibits such Members from being elected more than twice. Provides that the term of office of Members of the House of Representatives shall be two years and prohibits such Members from being elected more than six times.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohibiting Federal courts from entering orders requiring the attendance of any student at a particular school.

United States · United States Congress · 19 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Prohibits any Federal court from requiring a student to attend a particular public school because of race, color, creed, or sex, for the purpose of achieving racial or ethnic balance.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to provide that the level of total outlays of the United States for any fiscal year shall not exceed the level of total receipts of the United States for such fiscal year and to provide for the disposition of unanticipated deficits.

United States · United States Congress · 19 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Prohibits total expenditures of the United States in any fiscal year from exceeding total receipts for such year. Authorizes the suspension of such prohibition in time of war declared by Congress or by a concurrent resolution passed by a two- thirds vote of both Houses of Congress. States that any unanticipated deficit in any fiscal year shall be considered an expenditure for the succeeding fiscal year. Directs the Congress to provide an appropriate increase in the level of total receipts if the amount of such deficit exceeds two percent of the total expenditures for the succeeding fiscal year. Authorizes the Congress to apportion any deficit over the four following fiscal years, or by a two-thirds vote of both Houses to include such deficit in the debts of the United States.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution to require that congressional resolutions setting forth levels of total budget outlays and Federal revenues must be agreed to by two-thirds vote of both Houses of the Congress if the level of outlays exceeds the level of revenues.

United States · United States Congress · 19 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Requires a two-thirds vote of both Houses of Congress to pass any concurrent resolution on the budget which carries a deficit.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relating to the busing or involuntary assignment of students.

United States · United States Congress · 19 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Declares that nothing in the Constitution shall empower any Federal agency to issue any regulation or commit any act not directly authorized by Congress, including any regulation relating to busing to achieve balance in schools. Prohibits any Federal court from issuing an order that mandates any action that in its nature legislates a new program not specifically provided by Act of Congress, including any order for forcible busing to achieve racial or ethnic balance in schools.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States with respect to the right to life.

United States · United States Congress · 19 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Defines "person" to include the unborn for the purpose of the right to life guarantee. Makes such amendment inapplicable to laws permitting medical procedures required to prevent the death of the mother.

A bill to protect the freedom of the press under the first amendment to the Constitution.

United States · United States Congress · 16 January 1981

Prohibits any Federal, State, or local governmental authority from issuing a search warrant or subpoena with regard to journalistic property.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to incurrence of debt by the Federal Government.

United States · United States Congress · 16 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Prohibits the Government of the United States from incurring direct or indirect debt without an affirmative vote of two-thirds of both Houses of Congress.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States with respect to the compelling of testimony from a defendant in a criminal case in open court, a restriction on the use of prior convictions except when they are of a defendant in a criminal case.

United States · United States Congress · 16 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Modifies the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution to: (1) stipulate that no person shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself except in open court; and (2) provide that a person shall not be confronted with prior criminal convictions except where they are an element of the crime charged. Modifies the Sixth Amendment to entitle the accused in all criminal prosecutions to be informed of the evidence of the accusation (in addition to the nature and cause of the accusation as currently provided).

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States allowing the States to propose amendments to the Constitution when the legislatures of two-thirds of the States have approved substantially identical proposals for an amendment.

United States · United States Congress · 16 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Permits States to propose constitutional amendments if the President establishes that two-thirds of the States have approved proposals for substantially identical amendments.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to the assignment of public school students.

United States · United States Congress · 16 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Declares that no part of the Constitution shall be construed to require a school system which assigns pupils on the basis of neighborhood attendance areas to assign pupils in any other manner.

A joint resolution to amend the Constitution of the United States to provide that appropriations made by the United States shall not exceed 33 1/3 percentum of the average national income of the prior three calendar years, except as specified during war or national emergency.

United States · United States Congress · 13 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Directs Congress to assure that the total outlays of the Government during any fiscal year (except for repayment of debt) do not exceed 33 1/3 percent of the average national income for the three prior calendar years. Authorizes the suspension of such measure in the case of national emergency or war. Requires approval of all expenditures in excess of such percentage, during a period of national emergency or war, by a concurrent resolution agreed to by three-fourths of all the Members of each House of Congress.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to provide that appropriations made by the United States shall not exceed its revenues, except in time of war or national emergency; and to provide for the systematic paying of the national debt.

United States · United States Congress · 6 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Prohibits the total appropriations of Congress from exceeding estimated revenues. Authorizes the suspension of such prohibition in time of war or national emergency. Prohibits any increase in the national debt as it exists on the date this article is ratified. Sets forth a schedule for repayment of the national debt.

A joint resolution to amend the Constitution of the United States to provide for balanced budgets and elimination of the Federal indebtedness.

United States · United States Congress · 6 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Requires Congress to assure that the total outlays of the Government, during any fiscal year, do not exceed the total receipts of the Government during such fiscal year. Provides for the phased implementation of this requirement after the ratification of this amendment. Permits expenditures to exceed national revenues in time of national emergency, but never by more than ten percent. Provides that during the fifth fiscal year beginning after the ratification of this amendment and for the next 19 succeeding fiscal years thereafter, the total receipts of the Government shall exceed outlays by an amount equal to five percent of the Federal indebtedness at the beginning of the fifth fiscal year.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution to provide for the direct popular election of the President and Vice President of the United States.

United States · United States Congress · 6 January 1981

Constitutional Amendment - Provides that the people of the several States and the District of Columbia shall elect the President and Vice President. Requires the electors of President and Vice President in each State to have the qualifications requisite for congressional electors from that State, except that for electors of President and Vice President the legislature of any State may prescribe less restrictive residence qualifications and for electors of President and Vice President the Congress may establish uniform residence and age qualifications. Provides that the pair of persons having the greatest number of votes for President and Vice President shall be elected, if such number be at least 40 percent of the whole number of votes cast. Provides that if no pair of persons has such number, a runoff election shall be held in which the choice of President and Vice President shall be made from the two pairs of persons who received the highest number of votes. Requires the days for such elections to be determined by Congress and to be uniform throughout the United States. Requires Congress to prescribe by law the time, place, and manner in which the results for such elections shall be ascertained and declared. Allows Congress to provide for the case of the death, inability, or withdrawal of any candidate for President or Vice President before a President and Vice President have been elected, and for the case of the death of both the President-elect and Vice President-elect. Requires each elector to cast a single vote jointly applicable to President and Vice President.

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution to provide for the direct popular election of the President and Vice President of the United States.

United States · United States Congress · 6 January 1981