Question 7185 — energy and fuels

Summary

Ms. Martine Froger draws the attention of the Minister to the Minister of the Economy, Finance and Industrial and Digital Sovereignty, responsible for industry and energy, to the Government's project aimed at reducing purchase prices for small and medium power photovoltaic installations up to 500 kWC, through a revision of the decree known as "S21", with retroactive application to February 1, 2025. This reform seems to have been developed without consultation with the renewable energy sectors, nor with the communities carrying out the projects, nor with the players in the construction, crafts and agriculture sectors, even though they are directly concerned. Such a sudden drop in aid would compromise the economic viability of numerous roof and shade solarization projects, essential to the energy transition and development. sustainable territories. While the country is already seriously behind in terms of renewable energies, this measure in fact poses an increased risk of non-compliance with commitments in this area at European level, the objective of which to be achieved, resulting from the RED III directive, is 42.5% in 2030. The photovoltaic sector, which represents 67,000 jobs and 14 billion euros in turnover, is nevertheless an essential lever to accelerate the deployment of renewable energies, avoiding the artificialization of land and maximizing local self-consumption and reducing France's dependence on fossil fuels. Questioning its development risks seriously hindering the decarbonization of the energy mix and slowing down the achievement of national and European climate objectives. This reform also risks weakening SMEs, artisans, farmers and local authorities who have invested in this type of installation and cause a collapse in activity comparable to the solar moratorium of 2010, which led to the destruction of nearly 20,000 jobs. Even though the country is already facing a new wave of deindustrialization, this reform will therefore further weaken the national industrial dynamic and the reindustrialization trajectory of a strategic sector. Furthermore, many communities had planned to equip their public infrastructure - schools, hospitals, gymnasiums, car parks - in order to produce local energy and reduce their energy bills. This reform thus calls into question these projects and the capacity of communities to play a leading role in the energy transition, even though their involvement is crucial to achieve the objectives of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and guaranteeing green and decentralized energy production. She therefore asks him to specify the motivations for this reform and to justify the absence of consultation with the stakeholders concerned. She also asks him if the Government plans to reverse this measure in order to guarantee a stable and predictable support framework for photovoltaics. on roofs, in line with France's climatic, economic and industrial commitments.

Machine translation from French. The official text remains authoritative.

Timeline

1. 3 June 2025

   Question

   Source: DateQuestion

2. 19 May 2026

   Réponse

   Les petites et moyennes installations photovoltaïques sur bâtiment (< 500 kWc) participent à la transition énergétique en permettant notamment une appropriation à l'échelon local des moyens de production photovoltaïques par les particuliers, les entreprises et les collectivité. Ces installations étaient soutenues par l'État à travers un arrêté tarifaireayant permis à de nombreuses installations photovoltaïques d'être créées en France ces dernières années. Cet engouement traduit une montée en maturité économique de la filière et a conduit à la nécessité d'engager des réformes pour améliorer l'efficacité du soutien public et pour maîtriser la dépense publique pour chaque segment de puissance. Un arrêté tarifaire modificatif a été publié le 27 mars 2025, après une consultation de la filière. Cet arrêté n'était notamment pas rétroactif, conformément aux demandes formulées par les acteurs. A l'automne, cet arrêté a été transformé en appel d'offres simplifié, pour les installations les plus puissantes (100 - 500 kWc). Cet appel d'offres sera, à l'été, conditionné à un approvisionnement résilient, ce qui favorisera l'industrie française. Concernant les plus petites installations, le soutien est recentré sur l'autoconsommation.

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• Martine Froger · auteur

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