United States · Law · S

S. 1 (104th)

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

enactedUnited States· United States Congress· EN

Introduced

4 January 1995

Last action

22 March 1995 · President

Status

Became Public Law No: 104-4.

Summary

TABLE OF CONTENTS: Title I: Legislative Accountability and Reform Title II: Regulatory Accountability and Reform Title III: Review of Unfunded Federal Mandates Title IV: Judicial Review Unfunded Mandate Reform Act of 1995 - Prohibits the application of this Act to any proposed Federal legislation or proposed or final Federal regulation that: (1) enforces the constitutional rights of individuals; (2) establishes or enforces any statutory rights that prohibit various specified types of discrimination; (3) requires compliance with accounting and auditing procedures with respect to grants or other money or property provided by the Federal Government; (4) provides for emergency assistance or relief at the request of any State, local, or tribal government (small government); or (5) is designed as emergency legislation or is necessary for national security or international treaty purposes. Requires each Federal agency to provide to the Director of the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) such information and assistance as the Director may reasonably request to assist him or her in carrying out this Act. Title I: Legislative Accountability and Reform - Amends the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 and the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 with respect to unfunded Federal mandates. (Sec. 101) Includes tribal governments and the private sector within the purview of mandate analysis by CBO and congressional committees. Requires authorization committees to identify to CBO any Federal mandates in legislation ordered to be reported. Requires the report accompanying any reported legislation with a Federal mandate to contain statements on whether the legislation is intended to preempt any State, local, or tribal law (and the reasons for such intention), as well as individual mandate descriptions, cost-benefit analyses, and statements regarding Federal financial assistance to State, local, and tribal governments for meeting mandate costs. Requires the CBO Director, for each piece of legislation, to prepare and submit the authorizing committee certain statements estimating the direct costs of mandate compliance and the amount of new or increased Federal financial assistance needed to meet such costs, if the estimates indicate at least a $50 million per fiscal year direct cost of all intergovernmental mandates in the legislation, or a $200 million per fiscal year direct cost of private sector mandates. Makes it out of order for the Senate to consider: (1) any reported nonappropriations legislation unless it has a CBO Director report; or (2) any reported nonappropriations legislation containing a Federal intergovernmental mandate with direct costs exceeding the thresholds specified by this Act, unless it provides for new or increased budget, entitlement, or direct spending authority or makes other specified arrangements for each fiscal year to ensure that Federal funds equal or exceed the estimated direct costs of the mandate, or that State, local, and tribal programmatic and financial responsibilities are reduced so they do not exceed the amount of Federal funding. Gives the House Committee on Government Reform and Oversight and the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs final authority to determine questions on the applicability of this Act to pending bills, joint resolutions, amendments, motions, or conference reports. Requires the direct costs of a Federal mandate for a fiscal year to be determined based on estimates by congressional budget committees. Provides that it shall not be in order in the House of Representatives to consider a rule or order waiving application of these provisions to a bill or joint resolution reported by an authorization committee. (Sec. 102) Amends House rules with regard to the Committee of the Whole and Committee on Rules: (1) to make it always in order in the former to strike from the portion of any bill open to amendment any Federal mandate whose direct costs exceed the prescribed threshold; and (2) to require the latter to include in its reports on waived points of order a separate item identifying all waivers of points of order relating to Federal mandates. (Sec. 103) Provides that, at the request of any congressional committee, the CBO Director shall: (1) consult with and assist it in analyzing the budgetary or financial impact of any proposed legislation that may have a significant impact on the State, local, or tribal government involved or on the private sector; and (2) study any legislative proposal containing a Federal mandate. Requires the CBO Director to conduct continuing studies to enhance comparisons of budget outlays, credit authority, and tax expenditures. Requires any congressional committee that anticipates considering any legislative proposal establishing, amending, or reauthorizing any Federal program likely to have a significant impact on any State, local, or tribal government or on the private sector to include its views and estimates on that proposal to the applicable budget committee. (Sec. 104) Authorizes appropriations to CBO to carry out this Act. (Sec. 106) Repeals the State and Local Government Cost Estimate Act of 1981. Title II: Regulatory Accountability and Reform - Requires each Federal agency to: (1) assess the effects of Federal regulations on State, local, and tribal governments (other than to the extent that such regulations incorporate requirements specifically set forth in legislation) and the private sector, including specifically the availability of resources to carry out any Federal mandates in those regulations; and (2) seek to minimize those burdens that uniquely or significantly affect such governmental entities, consistent with achieving statutory and regulatory objectives. (Sec. 201) Directs each agency to permit elected officials and other representatives of State, local, and tribal governments to provide meaningful and timely input in the development of regulatory proposals containing significant Federal mandates. Requires each agency: (1) before establishing regulatory requirements, to develop plans for notifying small governments of such requirements; and (2) before promulgating any final rule that includes any Federal intergovernmental mandate that may result in State, local, or tribal government and private sector expenditures, in the aggregate, of $100 million or more in any one year, to prepare a written statement of specified estimates and analyses for forwarding to the CBO Director. Authorizes appropriations. (Sec. 204) Directs the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to establish pilot programs in at least two agencies to test innovative approaches to reducing reporting and compliance burdens on small governments. Title III: Review of Unfunded Federal Mandates - Establishes the Commission on Unfunded Federal Mandates to investigate and review the role of unfunded Federal mandates in intergovernmental relations and their impact on local, State, and Federal government objectives and responsibilities. Requires the Commission to make recommendations to the President and the Congress with regard to: (1) consolidating or simplifying unfunded Federal mandates in order to facilitate compliance by State, local, and tribal governments, especially with respect to specific mandates for which the terms of compliance are unnecessarily rigid or complex; (2) terminating unfunded mandates which are duplicative, obsolete, or lacking in practical utility; and (3) temporarily suspending those unfunded mandates which are not vital to public health and safety and which compound the fiscal difficulties of State, local, and tribal governments. (Sec. 307) Authorizes appropriations. Title IV: Judicial Review - Disallows judicial review under this Act.

This text is taken from the official record. PoliticalRepo does not editorialize.

Timeline

4 January 1995
Introduced
Read twice and referred jointly to the Committees on Budget; Governmental Affairs pursuant to the order of August 4, 1977, with instructions that if one Committee reports, the other Committee have thirty days to report or be discharged.
Source: IntroReferral
4 January 1995
Introduced
Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (CR S53-54, S59-60)
Source: IntroReferral
4 January 1995
Introduced
Introduced in Senate
Source: IntroReferral
5 January 1995
Committee
Committees on the Budget. Joint hearings held. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Hearings printed: S.Hrg. 104-392.
Source: Committee
9 January 1995
Calendars
Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 12.
Source: Calendars
9 January 1995
Reported
Committee on Budget. Ordered to be reported with amendments favorably.
Source: Committee
9 January 1995
Reported
Committee on Governmental Affairs. Reported to Senate by Senator Roth with amendments. Without written report.
Source: Committee
11 January 1995
Floor
By Senator Roth from Committee on Governmental Affairs filed written report. Report No. 104-1. Additional and minority views filed.
Source: Floor
11 January 1995
Committee
By Senator Roth from Committee on Governmental Affairs filed written report. Report No. 104-1. Additional and minority views filed.
Source: Committee
12 January 1995
Floor
Measure laid before Senate by unanimous consent. (consideration: CR S828-893)
Source: Floor
12 January 1995
Committee
By Senator Domenici from Committee on Budget filed written report. Report No. 104-2. Additional and minority views filed.
Source: Committee
13 January 1995
Floor
Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S919-922, S928-941)
Source: Floor
17 January 1995
Floor
Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S961-985, S987-1000)
Source: Floor
18 January 1995
Floor
Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S1024-1069)
Source: Floor
19 January 1995
Floor
Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S1140-1189, S1194-1205)
Source: Floor
23 January 1995
Floor
Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S1302-1365)
Source: Floor
24 January 1995
Floor
Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S1396-1412, S1417-1427)
Source: Floor
25 January 1995
Floor
Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S1485-1537)
Source: Floor
26 January 1995
Floor
Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S1557-1638)
Source: Floor
27 January 1995
Floor
Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S1639-1678)
Source: Floor
27 January 1995
Vote
Passed/agreed to in Senate: Passed Senate with an amendment by Yea-Nay Vote. 86-10. Record Vote No: 61.
Source: Floor
30 January 1995
Floor
Held at the desk.
Source: Floor
30 January 1995
Floor
Received in the House.
Source: Floor
30 January 1995
Floor
Message on Senate action sent to the House.
Source: Floor
1 February 1995
Passed
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
1 February 1995
Floor
Considered by unanimous consent. (consideration: CR H1007-1012)
Source: Floor
1 February 1995
Passed
The House struck all after the enacting clause and inserted in lieu thereof the provisions of a similar measure H.R. 5. Agreed to without objection.
Source: Floor
1 February 1995
ResolvingDifferences
The Speaker appointed conferees: Clinger, Dreier, Portman, Davis, Condit, Collins (IL), Towns, and Moakley.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
1 February 1995
Passed
On motion that the House insist upon its amendments, and request a conference Agreed to without objection. (consideration: CR H1012)
Source: ResolvingDifferences
1 February 1995
ResolvingDifferences
Mr. Clinger asked unanimous consent that the House insist upon its amendments, and request a conference.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
1 February 1995
Passed
The title of the measure was amended. Agreed to without objection.
Source: Floor
1 February 1995
Passed
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
Source: Floor
1 February 1995
Passed
On passage Passed without objection.
Source: Floor
1 February 1995
Passed
Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed without objection.
Source: Floor
1 February 1995
Floor
Mr. Clinger asked unanimous consent to take from the Speaker's table and consider.
Source: Floor
3 February 1995
Passed
Senate agreed to request for conference. Appointed conferees. Roth; Domenici; Kempthorne; Glenn; Exon. (consideration: CR S2145)
Source: ResolvingDifferences
3 February 1995
Floor
Message on House action received in Senate and at the desk: House amendments to Senate bill and House requests a conference.
Source: Floor
3 February 1995
Passed
Resolving differences -- Senate actions: Senate disagreed to the amendments of the House by Voice Vote.
Source: NotUsed
6 February 1995
Floor
Message on Senate action sent to the House.
Source: Floor
1 March 1995
ResolvingDifferences
Conference held.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
1 March 1995
ResolvingDifferences
Conference committee actions: Conference held.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
10 March 1995
Passed
Conferees agreed to file conference report.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
10 March 1995
Passed
Conference committee actions: Conferees agreed to file conference report.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
13 March 1995
ResolvingDifferences
Conference report H. Rept. 104-76 filed. (text of conference report: CR H3053-3065)
Source: ResolvingDifferences
13 March 1995
ResolvingDifferences
Conference report filed: Conference report H. Rept. 104-76 filed.(text of conference report: CR H3053-3065)
Source: ResolvingDifferences
13 March 1995
ResolvingDifferences
Conference papers: Senate report and managers' statement held at the desk in Senate.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
14 March 1995
ResolvingDifferences
Conference report considered in Senate. By Unanimous Consent. (consideration: CR S3875-3890)
Source: ResolvingDifferences
15 March 1995
Passed
Mr. Dreier asked unanimous consent that all points of order against the conference report on the bill S. 1 for failure to comply with the provisions of clause 3 of rule XXVIII be waived. Agreed to without objection.
Source: Floor
15 March 1995
Floor
Message on Senate action sent to the House.
Source: Floor
15 March 1995
Vote
Senate agreed to conference report by Yea-Nay Vote. 91-9. Record Vote No: 104. (consideration: CR S3922)
Source: ResolvingDifferences
15 March 1995
Vote
Conference report agreed to in Senate: Senate agreed to conference report by Yea-Nay Vote. 91-9. Record Vote No: 104.(consideration: CR S3922)
Source: ResolvingDifferences
16 March 1995
Passed
Motions to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
16 March 1995
Floor
DEBATE - The House proceeded with 1 hour of debate.
Source: Floor
16 March 1995
Vote
On agreeing to the conference report Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 394 - 28 (Roll no. 252). (consideration: CR H3313)
Source: ResolvingDifferences
16 March 1995
Vote
Conference report agreed to in House: On agreeing to the conference report Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 394 - 28 (Roll no. 252).(consideration: CR H3313)
Source: ResolvingDifferences
16 March 1995
ResolvingDifferences
The previous question was ordered without objection.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
16 March 1995
ResolvingDifferences
Mr. Clinger brought up conference report H. Rept. 104-76 for consideration as a privileged matter.
Source: ResolvingDifferences
21 March 1995
Floor
Presented to President.
Source: Floor
21 March 1995
President
Presented to President.
Source: President
22 March 1995
Became law
Signed by President.
Source: BecameLaw
22 March 1995
Became law
Became Public Law No: 104-4.
Source: President
22 March 1995
President
Signed by President.
Source: President

Votes

15 March 1995 · Conference Report Agreed to · On the Conference Report S. 1 · Conference Report Agreed to · Official source

Yes 91 · No 9 · Abstain — · Absent/not voting 0

Showing the first 4 recorded positions. Vote totals above are complete.

27 January 1995 · Bill Passed · On Passage of the Bill S. 1 · Bill Passed · Official source

Yes 86 · No 10 · Abstain — · Absent/not voting 4

Showing the first 4 recorded positions. Vote totals above are complete.

Versions

Public Law · 23 March 1995 · Download file
Enrolled Bill · 16 March 1995 · Download file
Engrossed Amendment House · 1 February 1995 · Download file
Engrossed in Senate · 27 January 1995 · Download file
Reported to Senate · 9 January 1995 · Download file
Referral Instructions Senate · 4 January 1995 · Download file

Documents

15 official files

Public Law (text)

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Public Law (text)
Public Law · EN · 23 March 1995
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Public Law (PDF)
Public Law · EN · 23 March 1995
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Enrolled Bill (text)
Enrolled Bill · EN · 16 March 1995
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Enrolled Bill (PDF)
Enrolled Bill · EN · 16 March 1995
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Conference report filed in House
summary · EN · 13 March 1995
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Engrossed Amendment House (text)
Engrossed Amendment House · EN · 1 February 1995
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Engrossed Amendment House (PDF)
Engrossed Amendment House · EN · 1 February 1995
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Passed House amended
summary · EN · 1 February 1995
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Engrossed in Senate (text)
Engrossed in Senate · EN · 27 January 1995
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Engrossed in Senate (PDF)
Engrossed in Senate · EN · 27 January 1995
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Reported to Senate (text)
Reported to Senate · EN · 9 January 1995
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Reported to Senate (PDF)
Reported to Senate · EN · 9 January 1995
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Referral Instructions Senate (text)
Referral Instructions Senate · EN · 4 January 1995
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Referral Instructions Senate (PDF)
Referral Instructions Senate · EN · 4 January 1995
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Introduced in Senate
summary · EN · 4 January 1995
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Direct relationships

Legal framework · Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 · S. 1 (104th) · US

Identifier matchPROJECTS_FROM
Same us record 104-s-1 projected from PoliticalRepo US row.
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

Sources

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Official source: https://www.congress.gov/bill/104th-congress/senate-bill/1
Open data entity: https://api.congress.gov/v3/bill/104/s/1
us · 104-s-1 · source updated 7 April 2025