Question 14749 — research and innovation

Summary

Mr. Frédéric Weber alerts the Minister of Labor and Solidarity to the persistence of the brain drain phenomenon, which threatens France's economic competitiveness and capacity for innovation. The emigration of highly qualified people, particularly in the fields of research, information technology, finance and health, is a growing concern. According to the General Directorate of the Treasury, 6% of higher education graduates born in France resided in another OECD country in 2015-2016, compared to 2% for the least qualified. In 2021, 106,000 French students were enrolled in a degree program abroad. At the same time, the consular register had 1.74 million French people registered at the end of 2023, for a total estimate of 2.5 million nationals living abroad, a significant portion of whom are highly qualified. This phenomenon can be explained by more attractive working conditions abroad: high salaries, cutting-edge infrastructure, professional recognition and more sustained research funding. In France, recurring obstacles include taxation considered heavy, limited career prospects for young graduates and complex bureaucracy. Despite mechanisms such as the research programming law (2021-2030) and the “talent passport”, the human capital flight index remains worrying. While France invests nearly 32 billion euros per year in higher education, this leak compromises the return on investment and deprives the country of strategic skills. Consequently, he asks him to provide updated data on the extent of the phenomenon to date. Furthermore, he asks him to detail the measures concrete measures envisaged to retain trained talents and strengthen national attractiveness in strategic areas.

Machine translation from French. The official text remains authoritative.

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