Question 8453 — energy and fuels

Summary

Gas cogeneration has been the subject of support schemes in France since the end of the 1990s. Currently, in application of the guidelines governing state aid for energy, published by the European Commission in 2014, and the new provisions introduced by the law relating to the energy transition for green growth, the support scheme for high-efficiency natural gas cogeneration now takes effect. the following form: - installations of less than 300 kW benefit from the purchase obligation system; - installations of less than 1 MW benefit from the additional remuneration system. Furthermore, the purchase and additional remuneration tariffs respectively include a proportional remuneration of €54/MWh and €47/MWh, in addition to the price of gas and a possible bonus linked to the energy efficiency of the facilities. However, the climate emergency in which we find ourselves today requires a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. This necessity leads to the need to stop building new means of production using fossil fuels. As such, the multi-annual energy programming project (PPE) does not provide for any objective of increasing electricity production capacity at from natural gas cogeneration. On the other hand, cogeneration from biogas, whose carbon footprint is neutral, is the subject of ambitious objectives and remains supported by the public authorities within the framework of the PPE. The production of biogas in agricultural methanization plants, dealing mainly with agricultural waste, or centralized plants, dealing more with organic waste from industry agri-food, can be an opportunity for both heating greenhouses and recovering carbon dioxide for plant growth. At the scale of a territory, the benefits of such an approach would be: - agronomic, based on respecting the balance of fertilization and the overall reduction in the use of inputs; - environmental, by reducing greenhouse gas emissions; - economic, by development of a “French model of agricultural methanization” to make agricultural methanization a supplement to income for agricultural operations. Agricultural methanization promotes the development of more renewable energies anchored in the territories, in a perspective of sustainable agriculture and energy and ecological transition.

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