Question· Question écrite17344open
France · National Assembly · 28 July 2026
Mr. Julien Guibert alerts the Minister of Health, Families, Autonomy and People with Disabilities to the growing difficulties of access to medical dermatology consultations, particularly in rural areas. As medical deserts continue to expand, dermatology is among the most affected specialties. In many rural departments, including Nièvre, the delays in obtaining an appointment can now be counted in several months, or even exceed a year for certain patients, compromising the early detection of skin cancers, the management of chronic inflammatory skin diseases or even the monitoring of numerous dermatological pathologies. In Nièvre, this situation has reached a particularly critical level since there are no longer any practicing dermatologists in the area. departmental. Residents are forced to turn to neighboring departments to access this specialty, with waiting times often incompatible with the requirements of certain pathologies. This reality illustrates, in a particularly striking way, the consequences of medical desertification in rural areas. This situation is aggravated by a double structural evolution. On the one hand, near the half of dermatologists are today close to retirement age, while the renewal of the workforce remains insufficient. On the other hand, a growing part of the activity of certain specialists is now devoted to aesthetic medicine, an activity based essentially on procedures not covered by health insurance and for which the remuneration methods are, in fact, much more attractive than those of the approved medical dermatology. If aesthetic medicine constitutes a legal medical activity and responds to a real demand, its development nevertheless contributes to reducing the medical time devoted to reimbursed dermatological care, accentuating the difficulties of access to consultations for patients suffering from pathologies requiring medical care. This development appears all the more worrying as the Investments made by the community to train these specialists primarily meet public health needs. In this context, he asks what measures the Government intends to take to guarantee a sufficient supply of medical dermatology throughout the territory. He particularly wishes to know whether the Government plans to better distinguish, in the organization of this specialty, the activities falling within the aesthetic medicine of those meeting the needs for care reimbursed by health insurance, to adapt the training and installation conditions of future dermatologists in order to preserve a sufficient offer of care in medical dermatology, particularly in the territories most affected by medical desertification and to strengthen the systems making it possible to ensure the renewal of the workforce in the face of numerous departures from the retirement announced.
Question· Question écrite16257answered
France · National Assembly · 23 June 2026
Mr. Julien Guibert draws the attention of the Minister of Regional Planning and Decentralization to the growing difficulties encountered by rural municipalities, particularly in the department of Nièvre, concerning the management and maintenance of their municipal cemeteries. Communal cemeteries constitute places of memory, contemplation and transmission deeply anchored in village life. Their maintenance contributes to the dignity due to the deceased, respect for families and the preservation of municipal and rural heritage. However, this public service mission weighs more and more heavily on the finances of communities, already faced with numerous budgetary constraints and a general increase in their operating expenses. Since the entry into force of Law No. 2014-110 of February 6, 2014 aimed at better regulating the use of plant protection products on the national territory, supplemented in particular by the decree of January 15, 2021, local authorities can no longer use chemical plant protection products for the maintenance of spaces open to the public, a ban extended to all cemeteries since July 1, 2022. If the objectives of protecting public health and preserving biodiversity are widely shared, their application raises real difficulties in many municipalities, particularly in highly rural departments such as Nièvre. The alternative solutions currently recommended - manual or mechanical weeding, revegetation, voluntary grassing or use of specialized equipment - require human, material and financial resources which many municipalities do not have. Many Mayors are now warning of a workload that has become difficult to sustain for municipal teams that are already under heavy strain. In certain small communities, the absence of a municipal agent or the lack of financial capacity to regularly involve specialized companies makes the maintenance of cemeteries particularly complex. The increasing presence of spontaneous vegetation in the paths or around the burials also causes misunderstandings and sometimes tensions with those administered, who often equate this development with a lack of maintenance of funeral spaces. At the same time, since the elimination, on January 1, 2021, of funeral taxes provided for by article L. 2223-22 of the general code of local authorities, certain municipalities have lost revenue which made it possible, even modestly, to contribute to the financing of costs linked to funeral operations and the maintenance of cemetery spaces. If this removal responded to a logic of administrative simplification and reduction of taxation weighing on families during funerals, it also deprived many rural municipalities of a financial lever useful for maintaining and maintaining these spaces of contemplation, without any compensation being provided. This loss of revenue occurred at the very time when the obligations weighing on municipalities in terms of cemetery maintenance were reinforced, creating a jaws effect that was particularly penalizing for rural communities. To these difficulties are also added the costs linked to the resumption of abandoned concessions, the securing of monuments threatening ruin, the accessibility of sites or even the expansion of certain cemeteries in municipalities with low investment capacity. This situation is all the more worrying as rural municipalities have less and less financial room for maneuver to meet obligations whose cost continues to increase. Many local elected officials are worried today about no longer being able to properly carry out this mission, which is essential to the respect due to the deceased, to the dignity of families and the preservation of local traditions. In the most modest municipalities, the cost of acquiring suitable equipment sometimes remains disproportionate to local budgetary capacities, while intermunicipal pooling solutions do not always meet the constraints of organization, availability of equipment or geographical distance. He asks him if the Government is considering a reflection overall on the consequences of the abolition of funeral taxes provided for by article L. 2223-22 of the general code of local authorities for rural municipalities, if it considers that the means currently left to the communities are sufficient to allow them to correctly ensure the maintenance of municipal cemeteries in compliance with the regulatory obligations imposed on them, if a simplification of procedures administrative and regulatory requirements applicable to the management of municipal cemeteries is envisaged in order to restore more flexibility to local elected officials, if the terms of application of the rules relating to "zero phyto" in cemeteries could be subject to adaptations taking greater account of the realities and constraints specific to rural territories, and finally if the Government intends to give municipalities new levers to making it possible to ensure the long-term maintenance and management of their cemeteries without further increasing the burden on local finances.
Question· Question écrite16315open
France · National Assembly · 23 June 2026
Mr. Julien Guibert draws the attention of the Minister of the Interior to the increase in burglaries in rural areas and more particularly in the department of Nièvre. In many rural communities in the district, residents are expressing growing concern about the increase in burglaries targeting main residences, second homes, agricultural operations and outbuildings. or even professional premises. This concern, which is not a simple feeling, is also reflected in the figures transmitted by state services. In Nièvre, a deeply rural department, 696 residential burglaries have already been recorded between January and October 2025, i.e. a rate of 3.44 burglaries per 1,000 inhabitants, higher than many comparable areas. Over the same period, 348 vehicle thefts, 199 thefts from vehicles and 235 thefts of accessories from vehicles were also noted. More broadly, 947 non-violent thefts against people were recorded in the department. Behind these statistics are families, elderly people, farmers or traders faced with the break-in of their homes or their work tools and the resulting feeling of insecurity. In the territories rural areas, where the isolation of homes and the distance from services can increase the vulnerability of residents, these repeated attacks on property fuel a deep feeling of abandonment and a growing mistrust of the State's capacity to ensure daily security. Beyond the sometimes considerable material damage, victims regularly speak of profound trauma linked to the intrusion into their home, a place privacy and protection. However, the right to property constitutes a fundamental principle of the Republic and security remains the first freedom. When residents give up leaving their homes, invest themselves in protective equipment due to a lack of sufficient response or live in fear of a new intrusion, it is confidence in the capacity of the State to ensure basic security that is found weakened. The specificities of rural areas - geographical remoteness, dispersion of habitat, vast areas of intervention and sometimes limited resources of internal security forces - create particular vulnerabilities from which certain delinquency networks today seem to take advantage. The data communicated by the prefecture show that the rate of residential burglaries in Nièvre remains higher than the national average, which stands at 2.53 incidents per 1,000 inhabitants. This situation confirms the need for a reinforced State response in rural departments facing widespread but persistent delinquency. Local elected officials regularly warn of the need to strengthen the visible presence of law enforcement in rural areas, to improve the resources devoted to gendarmerie brigades and to provide response adapted to the delinquency which now affects municipalities sometimes far from large urban centers. He also asks what measures the Government intends to implement in order to fight more effectively against burglaries in rural areas, strengthen the protection of residents in rural departments like Nièvre and guarantee everyone this basic security which constitutes one of the first conditions of the effective exercise of freedoms and respect for property rights.
Question· Question écrite16330open
France · National Assembly · 23 June 2026
Mr. Julien Guibert draws the attention of the Minister Delegate to the Minister of the Economy, Finance and Industrial, Energy and Digital Sovereignty, responsible for artificial intelligence and digital technology, to the situation of housing declared eligible for optical fiber but remaining, in fact, impossible to connect, particularly in rural areas. In several communes of Nièvre, residents are find themselves faced with a particularly incomprehensible situation: their home officially appears to be eligible for fiber connection, but no effective connection can be made due to the absence or insufficiency of infrastructure that can be used in the public domain, such as ducts or poles. In certain cases, network management operators refuse to finance the necessary work, believing that these should have been carried out historically by the former managers of telecoms infrastructures. This situation leads to blockages that can last several years, without a concrete solution for the residents concerned. These difficulties are particularly penalizing in rural areas where access to digital technology constitutes a fundamental issue of territorial equality, access to public services, teleworking, economic activity and attractiveness. While the State has widely communicated on the objective of “100% fiber” and that 93.5% of premises would now be theoretically connectable according to ARCEP, nearly 3 million premises still need to be made actually connectable. At the same time, the pace of deployment slows down sharply, with a drop of 28% observed in 2025. Behind these national statistics thus remain numerous concrete situations where residents are declared eligible without being able to actually be connected. He asks how many homes are currently listed at national level as "eligible but not connectable", what obligations really weigh on operators regarding the responsibility for the work necessary for the effective connection of homes, what measures the Government intends to implement in order to to force operators to ensure a real connection to the housing concerned, and if a specific system is envisaged to support rural municipalities faced with these blocking situations.
Question· Question écrite14992open
France · National Assembly · 12 May 2026
Mr. Julien Guibert alerts the Minister of Ecological Transition, Biodiversity and International Negotiations on Climate and Nature, on the work undertaken at European level aimed at restricting, or even banning, the use of lead shot in hunting and on their consequences for hunters and rural areas. As part of the European Chemicals Strategy, the European Commission, in conjunction with the European Chemicals Agency, is continuing its discussions with a view to significantly broadening restrictions on the use of lead in ammunition. After the ban which has already come into force in wetlands, a new stage could concern all natural environments, specifically targeting lead shot, while bullet ammunition is, at this stage, not directly targeted by these regulatory developments. This prospect arouses great concern within the hunting world. In France, hunting brings together more than a million practitioners and relies on a dense network of local associations, actively participating in the management of agro-sylvo-hunting balances, the regulation of species and the preservation of environments. In rural departments like Nièvre, these missions are important particular, both environmentally, economically and socially. However, alternatives to lead shot, such as steel, bismuth or tungsten ammunition, present significant technical, economic and practical constraints. On the one hand, these materials do not always have the same ballistic properties, which can affect the effectiveness of shots and raise questions about safety. On the other hand, their use may require the adaptation, or even replacement, of a large stock of old weapons, still widely in circulation, resulting in significant costs for hunters. For example, a notable proportion of hunting rifles in service are not compatible with certain alternative ammunition, particularly those based on steel. Furthermore, representatives of hunter federations warn on the risk of a uniform measure, which would not take into account the diversity of practices, territories and species hunted. A generalized ban could lead to a disengagement of some practitioners, weaken the hunting association fabric and, consequently, weaken the capacity to regulate animal populations, which are nevertheless essential to the balance of ecosystems and the protection of agricultural activities. Beyond these considerations, there is also the question of the proportionality of the measures envisaged, with regard to the efforts already made by hunters, particularly in terms of transition in wetlands and awareness of environmental issues. In this context, it appears essential for France to take a clear and balanced position at the European level, reconciling the imperatives of protection of biodiversity with the reality of hunting practices and the preservation of rural balances. Therefore, he asks her what position she intends to defend in the European negotiations relating to the extension of the ban on lead shot, if she plans to oppose a generalization of this measure outside wetlands and what support measures she plans for hunters. French in order to guarantee the safety of practices, the economic sustainability of this transition and the sustainability of the role of hunters in the management of territories.
Question· Question écrite15089open
France · National Assembly · 12 May 2026
Mr. Julien Guibert draws the attention of the Minister of Sports, Youth and Community Life to the consequences of the development of inclusion policies in sport on the balance and sustainability of disabled sports in France. Following the dynamic driven in particular by the Paralympic Games and public policies in favor of inclusion, more and more so-called “able-bodied” sports clubs are developing sections or reception facilities for people with disabilities. This development responds to a legitimate aspiration for a shared and decompartmentalized sporting practice. However, specialized federations, in particular the French Handisport Federation and the French Adapted Sports Federation, are warning of the collateral effects of this transformation. According to their feedback from the field, a growing proportion of practitioners are turning to general clubs offering an inclusive offer, to the detriment of clubs historically dedicated to disabled sports. As an indication, the French Disability Sports Federation brings together around 35,000 licensees and more than 1,400 clubs, while the French Adapted Sports Federation has nearly 65,000. However, several local structures report a drop in their numbers or a slowdown in their progress. This development, although understandable, raises major issues. On the one hand, specialized clubs have specific technical, medical and educational expertise, built over several decades, which cannot be immediately reproduced in generalist structures. On the other hand, these clubs play an essential role in welcoming audiences furthest from sporting activity, in particular people with severe disabilities or requiring increased support. Furthermore, this phenomenon weakens the economic model of disabled sports associations, the balance of which is partly based on the number of licensees, the associated subsidies and the institutional recognition of their role. Ultimately, it is the very structure of the disabled sports movement that could be called into question, with a risk of dilution of skills and increased inequalities in the quality of the proposed framework. Several reports and contributions from the sports movement have already highlighted the need to better articulate the logic of inclusion and specialization, in order to avoid a counterproductive opposition between these two yet complementary approaches. In this context, he asks her what measures she intends to take to guarantee balanced development of inclusive sport, preserve and promote the role of disabled sports federations and clubs, secure their funding and ensure that all people with disabilities have access to sports adapted to the diversity of their needs.
Question· Question écrite13859open
France · National Assembly · 31 March 2026
Mr. Julien Guibert draws the attention of the Minister of Labor and Solidarity to the legal and practical difficulties encountered by many policyholders in the context of the implementation of collective welfare guarantees, in particular during the succession of collective contracts subscribed to by an employer, particularly a public one. Indeed, it appears that certain insured persons, placed on prolonged work stoppage or on long-term leave, are refused the benefit of welfare benefits (additional daily allowances, continued salary, disability pension), on the grounds of a disagreement between successive insurers. In these situations, the insurer currently in charge of the collective contract refuses to intervene, invoking the prior nature of the event causing the loss, while the previous organization considers, for its part, that it is no longer required to guaranteed due to the termination of the collective contract. This results in a blocking situation that is particularly detrimental to policyholders, who find themselves deprived of any compensation, despite continued affiliation with compulsory insurance schemes. However, the principle of continuity of guarantees in terms of complementary social protection constitutes an essential element of securing the rights of policyholders. In this regard, if Article 4 of Law No. 89-1009 of December 31, 1989 known as the “Evin Law” organizes the maintenance of guarantees in certain cases of termination of the employment contract, it does not explicitly deal with situations of succession of collective contracts at the initiative of the employer, particularly in the public service. Furthermore, case law and general principles of insurance law, particularly in terms of determining the fact generator of the risk and obligation of guarantee, appear insufficiently readable for the insured and give rise to divergent interpretations on the part of the insurers. In addition, the amicable remedies provided, in particular referral to the insurance mediator, do not always lead to an effective resolution of the dispute, in particular when one of the organizations concerned does not participate in the procedure. Under these conditions, policyholders are forced to initiate litigation before the competent courts, involving long delays and significant costs, incompatible with their fragile situation. In this context, it appears essential to clarify the applicable legal framework and strengthen the guarantees offered to policyholders. Consequently, he asks him to clarify, with regard to the law in force, the rules for determining the insurer responsible for the provident benefits in the event of a succession of collective contracts, in particular when the event giving rise to the claim falls within a transition period between two contracts; to indicate the respective obligations of successive insurers, in particular in terms of continuity of rights and absence of breach of guarantee for affiliated policyholders of uninterrupted manner; to specify the measures likely to be implemented in order to more strictly regulate the practices of insurers and to avoid situations of transfer of liability detrimental to policyholders and, finally, if it plans to enact a clear doctrine or normative provisions (regulatory or legislative) making it possible to legally secure these situations and prevent policyholders from being forced to initiate lengthy and costly litigation procedures to assert their rights.
Question· Question écrite13520open
France · National Assembly · 10 March 2026
Ministry of Health, Families, Autonomy and People with Disabilities
Question· Question écrite13426open
France · National Assembly · 10 March 2026
Mr. Julien Guibert questions the Minister of Labor and Solidarity on preventive support for businesses during their creation or takeover. The MP draws the Government's attention to the difficulties encountered by many business leaders faced with the increasing complexity of administrative, social, tax and health standards which govern their activity. If regular checks are carried out by different bodies of the State and its operators, such as the URSSAF, fraud prevention or even labor inspection services, it appears that these interventions most often occur in a logic of verification and, where appropriate, sanction, without a prior systematic support approach having been proposed during the creation, takeover or opening of an establishment. But in a context marked by the multiplication of regulatory obligations and the complexity of procedures, many entrepreneurs, particularly the most modest or first-time creators, may find themselves in a situation of partial ignorance of their obligations, not through a desire to avoid them, but through a lack of clear, coordinated and operational information upstream. Therefore, a structured prevention approach, consisting of offering systematically to newly established business leaders an information and advice visit, carried out “as a preventive measure” by the competent services, in conjunction with the consular chambers concerned (chambers of commerce and industry, chambers of trades and crafts or chambers of agriculture) could help to reassure companies in their obligations and to promote better regulatory compliance. A such an approach would have a double benefit: on the one hand, it would allow entrepreneurs to comply from the start of their activity, in a spirit of education and responsibility; on the other hand, it would strengthen the legitimacy and acceptability of subsequent controls, by guaranteeing that information and prevention have been effectively provided upstream. Consequently, he asks him if the Government intends study the establishment of a systematic preventive support system for companies during their creation or takeover, in coordination with control bodies and consular chambers, in order to favor a logic of prevention, security and simplification for the benefit of the French economic fabric.
Question· Question écrite13295open
France · National Assembly · 3 March 2026
Mr. Julien Guibert alerts the Minister of National Education on the methods of communication of school cards and on the requirements of transparency and loyalty in the information of elected officials and citizens. In several departments, academic authorities have recently announced the overall volume of creations and deletions of positions or classes, limiting themselves to an aggregated presentation of resources by territory. departmental. On the other hand, the precise breakdown of these decisions - school by school, municipality by municipality - is not made public at the same time and is subject to postponement of communication without a clearly established timetable. This situation places mayors, educational teams and families in uncertainty that is detrimental to preparing for the start of the school year. It complicates the organization of services relating to local authorities, whether it concerns school transport, catering, after-school care or even the planning of possible works. It also weakens the visibility of municipalities, particularly rural ones, for which the evolution of school enrollment constitutes a determining issue for the attractiveness and maintenance of local public services. Several local actors report an assumed gap in the distribution of detailed school maps, explicitly linked to the proximity of the municipal elections scheduled for March 2026. The choice to postpone the communication of decisions that have nevertheless been made, even though their concrete consequences are known to the administration, appears likely to alter the quality of local democratic debate and to deprive citizens of complete information on arbitrations directly affecting their common. Such a change in the calendar, when motivated by the prospect of an electoral deadline, raises a serious question with regard to the principle of State neutrality and the duty of loyalty in relations between the administration, local elected officials and citizens. It seems difficult to reconcile with the requirements of administrative transparency and sincerity of public information, which must prevail independently of any electoral consideration. Under these conditions, he asks if instructions have been given to postpone the publication of detailed school maps due to the proximity of the municipal elections of March 2026; on what legal basis could such a postponement be justified even though the school map decisions have been made; how the Government intends to guarantee compliance with principle of neutrality and loyalty in the communication of decisions relating to the organization of the public education service; finally, if it intends to provide for the systematic, complete and immediate publication of detailed school maps, in order to ensure administrative transparency and allow elected officials and families to have clear and complete information.
Question· Question écrite12697answered
France · National Assembly · 10 February 2026
Mr. Julien Guibert draws the attention of the Minister of Agriculture, Agri-Food and Food Sovereignty to the increased circulation in France of the virus responsible for Aujeszky's disease, a highly contagious viral condition which affects swine, in particular wild boar populations, and which, accidentally, causes almost systematic mortality in hunting dogs exposed to contamination. As the Senate recently underlined in its question no. 26761 relating to the fight against this disease, the demographic increase in wild boars across all territories leads to persistent circulation of the virus within wild populations, with direct consequences not only on animal health but also on hunting regulation capacities, essential to prevent significant agricultural damage and preserve the agro-sylvo-cynegetic balance. This epidemiological context is also found in several neighboring departments of Nièvre, where recent reports of suspected or confirmed cases in hunting dogs have been reported, illustrating the fragility of this health situation and the concern of rural stakeholders. Therefore, he asks what actions to coordinate and strengthen health surveillance of the Aujeszky's disease in wild boars the Government intends to intensify throughout the territory and in particular in rural areas heavily affected by big game hunting, in order to have robust epidemiological monitoring shared with local stakeholders (hunters' federations, veterinary services, departmental territorial directorates); whether it plans to clarify and harmonize the recommendations prevention for hunters, in particular to effectively protect hunting dogs exposed to the virus (known transmission routes, biosecurity actions in the field, actions to take in the event of suspicion); what concrete measures would be deployed to strengthen information, training and support for hunters and veterinarians, given the importance of wild boar hunting as an instrument for regulating wild populations; and, finally, to what extent a national strategy including health authorities, the French Biodiversity Office and the hunting sector could be defined to anticipate, prevent and, where appropriate, limit the health and socio-economic effects of Aujeszky's disease on the rural territories of Nièvre and France.
Question· Question écrite12680open
France · National Assembly · 10 February 2026
Mr. Julien Guibert draws the attention of the Minister of the Interior to the increase in theft of domestic animals, in particular dogs, and to the resulting trafficking (illicit resale, forced reproduction, opportunistic or structured networks). Pets occupy a central place in the lives of the French: according to an Ipsos survey carried out in 2024, 55% of French households own at least one dog or cat, testifying to the deep attachment of the French to their companions. However, this growing attachment is accompanied by a worrying downside: dog thefts have increased in recent years, causing considerable suffering for owners and insecurity which deserves the attention of the Government. These facts directly affect families, but also breeders, shelters and, in rural areas, owners of working and hunting dogs, at the cost of major moral harm and serious attacks on animal welfare. The Senate recently underlined the extent of this phenomenon and the growing risk of seeing these thefts fueling truly organized networks, given the market value of certain breeds and the profitability of clandestine networks. In the National Assembly, several written questions also highlighted the geographical extension of these facts, their recurring modes of operation (home thefts, break-ins, prior detection) as well as the need for reinforced action by security forces and specialized services. In a rural department like Nièvre, characterized by dispersed habitat, vast, sparsely populated areas and a strong presence of working and hunting dogs, these thefts take on a particular acuteness. THE Geographical conditions complicate prevention and the rapid elucidation of facts, while the proximity of traffic routes facilitates the rapid movement of stolen animals to other departments, or even outside the national territory, thus fueling trafficking circuits that are difficult to dismantle. In the current situation, the MP asks him what measures the Government intends to take to strengthen prevention and deterrence of dog theft, particularly in rural areas and to improve the rate of elucidation of these offenses; how it intends to intensify the fight against pet trafficking networks (online resale, clandestine breeding, illegal exports), in particular through the increased mobilization of specialized services and better interministerial coordination; if a national instruction is envisaged in order to harmonize complaints, strengthen the reporting and tracing of stolen animals and streamline cooperation between security forces, veterinarians and identification organizations; finally, how the Government intends to guarantee the effectiveness of the legal arsenal already reinforced by the legislator, particularly in the fight against theft and trafficking of pets, by ensuring appropriate mobilization of resources investigation, reinforced coordination between competent services and a sufficiently dissuasive criminal response, commensurate with a phenomenon which is now, more and more often, a matter of structured trafficking harming living beings and public order.
Question· Question écrite11852answered
France · National Assembly · 23 December 2025
M. Julien Guibert interroge Mme la ministre de l'agriculture, de l'agro-alimentaire et de la souveraineté alimentaire sur la situation de la filière française du sapin de Noël et plus particulièrement sur celle du Morvan. À l'approche des fêtes de fin d'année, la filière du sapin de Noël constitue une activité agricole à part entière, profondément ancrée dans les territoires ruraux. Dans le Morvan, berceau historique de cette production depuis 1929, elle représente environ 2 000 hectares de plantations, une centaine de producteurs et près de 1,2 million de sapins commercialisés chaque année, soit environ un quart de la production nationale, pour un chiffre d'affaires estimé à 36 millions d'euros. Cette filière joue un rôle économique, social et paysager majeur dans un territoire rural déjà fragilisé. Cette filière revêt une importance toute particulière dans la circonscription de M. le député qui recouvre l'essentiel du massif du Morvan producteur de sapins de Noël. Dans ce territoire rural, la culture du sapin naturel n'est pas une activité marginale mais l'un des principaux piliers agricoles et économiques, structurant l'emploi, l'aménagement des paysages et la vitalité de nombreuses communes. Toute fragilisation de cette filière se traduit donc directement par une perte d'activité, d'emplois et de revenus pour le territoire. La production morvandelle repose essentiellement sur des exploitations familiales qui commercialisent à elles seules plusieurs centaines de milliers de sapins chaque année, confirmant le poids stratégique de cette filière pour l'économie locale et l'emploi saisonnier. Il est à noter également les effets directs du dérèglement climatique sur la production (sécheresses, décalage des périodes de coupe et de livraison), ainsi que les efforts engagés par les producteurs pour adapter leurs pratiques et maintenir une qualité reconnue, dans un contexte de demande soutenue. Pourtant, les professionnels de la filière alertent sur plusieurs difficultés structurelles persistantes. En premier lieu, ils dénoncent une inégalité de traitement entre régions concernant les dérogations à la durée maximale hebdomadaire du travail. Dans certaines régions, notamment les Hauts-de-France, des dérogations permettant d'aller jusqu'à 60 heures hebdomadaires pendant la période de coupe et de vente des sapins de Noël sont régulièrement accordées, au regard du caractère saisonnier et non différable de l'activité. À l'inverse, des demandes similaires ont été refusées en Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, alors même que la nature des travaux, les périodes concernées et les contraintes économiques sont identiques. Cette disparité fragilise directement la compétitivité des producteurs du Morvan et pose un réel problème d'égalité de traitement entre exploitants agricoles. En second lieu, la filière souffre d'une absence de soutien public structurant, notamment pour les investissements indispensables à son fonctionnement : bâtiments de stockage, aires logistiques, outils de tri et de conditionnement. Plus encore, alors que la culture du sapin de Noël est reconnue comme une activité agricole par le droit français, elle demeure exclue des dispositifs de la politique agricole commune, sans organisation concertée de marché ni aides de base, ce qui conduit à traiter cette filière comme une activité secondaire alors qu'elle structure économiquement des territoires entiers et contribue à l'entretien des paysages. Enfin, les producteurs alertent sur la concurrence croissante des sapins artificiels, majoritairement importés d'Asie et fabriqués à partir de dérivés pétroliers, qui bénéficient d'un marketing mettant en avant des arguments environnementaux contestables. Or selon les données de la filière, un sapin artificiel devrait être utilisé au moins vingt ans pour compenser son empreinte carbone liée à sa fabrication et à son transport, ce qui est très éloigné des usages réels. Cette situation relève d'un greenwashing préjudiciable à une production agricole locale, naturelle, recyclable et créatrice d'emplois ruraux. Les producteurs rappellent par ailleurs que le sapin naturel, cultivé localement, capte du carbone, abrite la biodiversité et s'inscrit dans une démarche de qualité, notamment à travers les travaux engagés en vue de l'obtention d'une indication géographique protégée (IGP) pour le sapin de Noël du Morvan. Dans ce contexte, il lui demande si le Gouvernement entend harmoniser au niveau national les dérogations de temps de travail applicables à la filière du sapin de Noël afin de garantir une égalité de traitement entre les producteurs des différentes régions ; quelles mesures il envisage pour soutenir structurellement cette filière agricole, notamment en matière d'investissements logistiques et de conditionnement ; s'il entend défendre son intégration dans les dispositifs de la politique agricole commune et, enfin, quelles actions il compte engager pour lutter contre le greenwashing lié aux sapins artificiels et pour protéger la dénomination « sapin de Noël », dans l'intérêt des consommateurs, de l'environnement et de l'économie rurale française.
Question· Question écrite11216open
France · National Assembly · 25 November 2025
Mr. Julien Guibert draws the attention of the Minister of Health, Families, Autonomy and People with Disabilities to the health and economic risks linked to the distribution of glasses and optical equipment sold directly by foreign platforms, particularly Asian ones, at prices much lower than those on the French market. If the price argument may seem attractive for households hit hard by the deterioration purchasing power, this massive importation of medical devices without real control poses several major public health questions. These products do not require any intervention by a qualified optician, even though these professionals, whose training requires several years of specialized studies in optics, physiology of vision and precision assembly, are the guarantors of good adjustment, optical centering, conformity of lenses and compliance with European standards. Approximate assembly, poor geometry or uncertain quality of lenses from uncontrolled platforms can cause visual disturbances, headaches, eye fatigue or even a worsening of undetected vision defects. This problem also occurs in a context of growing tension over access to care. Territories in a situation of medical desert, lacking a sufficient number of ophthalmologists, rely more and more on the national network of opticians, particularly independent ones, to ensure a first level of control, support and visual monitoring. Recent developments in the regulatory framework have also given these professionals, in certain situations, the possibility of renewing and adapting prescriptions, strengthening their role in the visual health pathway, particularly in under-resourced areas. The territorial network of independent opticians, already weakened by successive delistings and by the economic pressure exerted by the large chains, is today directly threatened by this foreign competition not subject to the same health, fiscal and professional obligations. The weakening of this local network would, however, deprive many territories of an essential player in access to visual care, would aggravate territorial inequalities and pose an increased health risk to the French. Wishing to reconcile the imperatives of health safety and purchasing power, he asks what measures the Government intends to take to guarantee effective control of the conformity of glasses imported directly from foreign platforms; inform clearly consumers of the risks associated with the absence of intervention by a qualified optician and support and protect the network of independent opticians, essential to access to care, particularly in territories affected by the shortage of doctors and medical deserts.
Question· Question écrite10256open
France · National Assembly · 14 October 2025
Mr. Julien Guibert draws the attention of the Minister of Labor, Health, Solidarity, Families, Autonomy and Disabled People to the financial and social consequences of increases in accommodation rates in long-term care units (USLD). In the department of Nièvre, as in other territories participating in the experiment provided for by article 79 of law no. 2023-1250 of December 26, 2023 financing of social security for 2024, establishments apply the provisions of decree no. 2025-168 of February 20, 2025 and the ministerial decree of June 6, 2025 setting a fixed daily contribution of 6.10 euros for autonomy. These texts, combined with departmental decrees setting the accommodation rate, led to several successive increases in 2025, sometimes followed by significant regularizations. In At the USLD Colbert de Nevers, families saw their remaining costs increase by almost 171 euros per month between July and August 2025, an increase of 8.6% in just one month. For retirees with often modest incomes, such additional costs weigh heavily on already fragile budgets. Beyond the particular case of Nièvre, this situation illustrates the growing difficulties encountered by families faced with financing dependence. While maintaining dignified and quality care is a national imperative, the accumulation of rapid and unclear price increases generates concern, discouragement and sometimes a renunciation of appropriate structures. The MP therefore asks him what measures the Government intends to take in order to guarantee better readability and transparency in the setting and evolution of the prices supported. by residents and their families; but also to further regulate the increases in order to avoid sudden regularizations, which are difficult for families to bear, and to preserve the financial accessibility of USLD and EHPAD, an essential condition for respecting the dignity of dependent elderly people. He asks him, finally, what is the real desire of the Government to assume its responsibilities in matters of dependency and guarantee seniors dignified support, accessible to all and not reserved for those who can afford it.
Question· Question écrite10290answered
France · National Assembly · 14 October 2025
Mr. Julien Guibert alerts the Minister of Transport to the worrying consequences of the generalization of so-called “free flow” tolls, which replace traditional barriers on certain portions of the French motorway network. This new system, presented as technological progress, requires users to pay the toll afterwards, exclusively electronically, via online platforms or applications. mobile. In the absence of payment within a limited period, an automatic increase is applied. This system raises several major difficulties: on the one hand, a large number of French people, particularly among the elderly, precarious or digitally alienated, do not have the tools or knowledge necessary to correctly pay online. They sometimes discover the existence of the device only when they receive a fine, without any clear information being provided to them in advance on the amount of the toll, the payment deadline or the procedure. On the other hand, the automation of payment and sanctions is part of a logic of pure profitability, disconnected from any public service mission. However, the concessioned motorways are part of a public service delegation. The replacement of toll barriers with an invisible system and impersonal leads to a suppression of physical information, human interaction and, ultimately, user support, for the exclusive benefit of the concession companies. There can be no question of privatizing revenues while outsourcing difficulties to users. The MP also questions the legal framework of these practices: it appears that the increases applied in the event of non-payment go directly to private companies, without State intervention or sufficient supervision. This drift, comparable to an “automatic toll-sanction”, accentuates the feeling of permanent policing and a decline in public service for the benefit of private actors. The MP therefore asks the Minister how the Government intends to guarantee the accessibility of payment to people who are not connected or digitally fragile, so that they are not unfairly punished. He also asks whether the Government considers it legitimate for financial increases to go directly to the concessionaires, as part of a public service delegation system. Finally, he asks him if the replacement of the traditional toll by this dematerialized system is not contrary to the very spirit of the delegation of public service, which implies continuity, accessibility and fairness in the service provided.
Question· Question écrite10208open
France · National Assembly · 14 October 2025
Mr. Julien Guibert draws the attention of the Minister of Labor, Health, Solidarity, Families, Autonomy and People with Disabilities to the worrying consequences of the gradual dereimbursement of numerous preventive or supportive treatments, combined with the discussions currently being carried out on the reform of the long-term illness (ALD) regime. In a context of tension on public finances and then even that the French are experiencing persistent inflation and a decline in purchasing power, the policy of refocusing reimbursements initiated by the Government could, in the short term, weaken the most vulnerable patients and, in the medium term, result in much higher additional costs for the community. This concerns in particular so-called “comfort” treatments, the effectiveness of which is nevertheless recognized in the prevention or therapeutic support for serious pathologies: supportive treatments for patients with cancer, medical injections against obesity, or even certain practices from alternative medicine. However, these treatments are increasingly subject to dereimbursement by social security, with charges being transferred to complementary health insurance. At the same time, several avenues mentioned by the Government aim to restrict access to the long-term illness regime, in particular by excluding certain patients in remission or by tightening the eligibility criteria. These directions risk having dramatic cumulative effects. People on ALD today represent 20% of the population but account for more than 66% of health insurance spending. Their support costs on average 9,560 euros per year, compared to 1,230 euros for patients outside ALD. The slightest weakening of this regime, combined with increasing out-of-pocket costs for essential treatments, could significantly increase the number of people foregoing care. The pathologies would worsen, the use of emergency services would become more frequent, hospitalizations more numerous. However, a single day of hospitalization can cost between 1,300 and 3,000 euros, or even more in intensive care. The economy in the short term on certain reimbursements could thus turn into an explosion of expenses in the following years. Under these conditions, the MP wishes to know what guarantees the Government intends to provide to maintain fair and sustainable coverage of preventive and supportive treatments and to preserve the spirit of the long-term illness regime, the cornerstone of health solidarity. national. Finally, he asks him what quantitative assessments his services have been able to carry out regarding the delayed impacts of these measures on hospital expenditure and social accounts.
Question· Question écrite9579open
France · National Assembly · 9 September 2025
Mr. Julien Guibert draws the attention of the Minister of Ecological Transition, Biodiversity, Forests, Sea and Fisheries to the deleterious effects of a dogmatic application of the principle of ecological continuity in watercourses, in particular in the Nièvre department. In the name of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union and within the framework of a technocratic reading of “ecological continuity”, the administrations responsible for the environment impose or strongly encourage the removal of thresholds, dams, reaches and reservoirs which are nevertheless essential to the operation of water mills. These structures, often centuries old, are an integral part of the hydraulic, historical and landscape heritage of rural areas. Their disappearance contributes to the loss of local identity, the destabilization of aquatic environments, the drying out of wetlands and less resilience to periods of drought. Furthermore, the systematic removal of ponds, dikes and reaches deprives aquatic environments of essential refuge areas during low water periods. These structures allow pockets of water to be maintained when stream flow becomes insufficient, thus ensuring the survival of many aquatic species. Their disappearance accelerates the drying out of waterways already weakened by climate change, aggravating fish mortality, loss of biodiversity and ecological imbalances. This worrying trend highlights the urgent need to conserve existing infrastructure, which plays a buffer role in times of water stress. This policy, supposedly ecological, in reality aims at a return to a supposedly “natural” state of the rivers, that is to say to a nature dehumanized, prior to any human activity. It sacrifices common sense, the balance of managed ecosystems and the know-how of past generations to a fantasized vision of nature. The biologist Christian Lévêque, in his work Biodiversity with or without man, denounces this ideology which, under the pretext of protecting the environment, ends up eradicating all traces of human intervention in the landscape, including when it was beneficial and harmonious. While mills could contribute to the local energy transition, hydraulic regulation, the maintenance of ordinary biodiversity and rural revitalization, their destruction appears incomprehensible, even counterproductive. He therefore asks her if she is considering a clear reorientation of the ecological continuity policy, in order to reconcile environmental objectives with the preservation of heritage, traditional uses of water and the memory of territories.
Question· Question écrite9667answered
France · National Assembly · 9 September 2025
Vous avez appelé l'attention de Monsieur le ministre de l'intérieur, sur la possibilité, offerte par article 24 de la loi de financement rectificative de la sécurité sociale du 14 avril 2023, d'octroi de trimestres supplémentaires de retraite aux sapeurs-pompiers volontaires justifiant d'au moins 10 ans d'engagement, ainsi que sur la soutenabilité financière de la nouvelle prestation de fidélisation et de reconnaissance (NPFR). Il est tout d'abord rappelé l'attachement by the government au modèle français de sécurité civile, fondé, entre autres, sur la complémentarité des statuts qui le composent, à savoir les sapeurs-pompiers professionnels, les sapeurs-pompiers volontaires, les militaires et les bénévoles. Concernant le sujet de l'octroi de trimestres supplémentaires de retraites, ainsi que mentionné, cette mesure de fidélisation doit être mise en œuvre selon des modalités et dans des conditions fixées par décret en Conseil d'État. Le Premier ministre a indiqué à l'occasion du dernier congrès des sapeurs-pompiers que les SPV pourraient bénéficier d'un trimestre supplémentaire pour 15 ans d'engagement, d'un trimestre pour 20 ans d'engagement et de 3 trimestres à partir de 25 ans d'engagement. Le projet de décret est actuellement soumis à l'avis du Conseil d'État. Sur le sujet du financement de la NPFR, aucune discussion ou réflexion sur une suppression ou une diminution n'est envisagée. Comme indiqué lors de la présentation du rapport de synthèse du Beauvau de la sécurité civile, des équilibres, associant tous les partis, devront être trouvés afin que son modèle lui permette de rester un pilier d'attractivité et de reconnaissance. Le Gouvernement est pleinement impliqué, afin de valoriser l'engagement des sapeurs-pompiers volontaires indispensables à la Nation.
Question· Question écrite9580open
France · National Assembly · 9 September 2025
Ministry of Ecological Transition, Biodiversity, Forests, Sea and Fisheries
Question· Question écrite9197answered
France · National Assembly · 5 August 2025
M. Julien Guibert attire l'attention de M. le ministre auprès du ministre de l'aménagement du territoire et de la décentralisation, chargé des transports, sur la dérégulation croissante dans le secteur de l'enseignement de la conduite, qui se traduit à la fois par l'essor fulgurant des plateformes de formation en ligne (comme Ornikar) et par la prolifération non encadrée de la location de véhicules à double commande par des particuliers. Le marché de l'enseignement de la conduite représente environ 2,1 milliards d'euros par an en France et les auto écoles classiques forment encore près de 80 % des candidats. Pourtant, les plateformes numériques se sont développées à une vitesse sans précédent : depuis 2018, certaines d'entre elles affichent plus de 20 % de part de marché et enregistrent une croissance mensuelle pouvant atteindre 30 %, avec un chiffre d'affaires multiplié par trois en deux ans. Ces structures bénéficient d'agréments nationaux uniques qui leur permettent de contourner la logique d'établissement imposée aux auto écoles de proximité. Les moniteurs y sont fréquemment sous statut indépendant et la formation, dispensée sans locaux ni suivi pédagogique régulier, est proposée à des tarifs nettement inférieurs à ceux des établissements physiques, lesquels, de leur côté, doivent se conformer à de strictes obligations réglementaires (agrément préfectoral, locaux adaptés, enseignants diplômés, programme pédagogique structuré, etc.). Parallèlement, la loi n° 2015-990 du 6 août 2015 (dite « loi Macron ») a autorisé les titulaires du permis depuis plus de cinq ans à accompagner un proche dans un véhicule à double commande loué. Ce dispositif, qui devait rester marginal, a fait naître un marché parallèle alimenté par des entreprises proposant des locations à environ 20 euros de l'heure, soit la moitié du coût horaire moyen pratiqué dans les auto écoles agréées. Séduits par ces tarifs, de nombreux candidats libres contournent toute formation encadrée, ce qui se traduit par un taux d'échec avoisinant les 55 % (contre 40 % en moyenne nationale) et par un volume de formation réel de 30 à 35 heures pour obtenir le permis, soit bien au delà des 20 heures obligatoires en auto école. Cette banalisation des véhicules à double commande, parfois loués de façon informelle dans des quartiers entiers, fait peser des risques évidents sur la sécurité routière et crée une concurrence déloyale vis à vis des établissements agréés. Face à ces distorsions, qui fragilisent les auto écoles traditionnelles et compromettent la qualité de l'apprentissage, il lui demande quelles mesures il compte prendre pour rétablir une concurrence loyale et garantir la sécurité de l'enseignement de la conduite. Il souhaite savoir si une harmonisation des conditions d'agrément des plateformes en ligne est envisagée, notamment par l'imposition d'une présence physique, d'un suivi pédagogique continu et d'une totale transparence sur les parcours de formation, conformément aux obligations des auto écoles de proximité. Par ailleurs, il l'interroge sur l'opportunité d'instaurer un seuil minimal obligatoire d'heures de formation dans une auto école agréée avant toute location de véhicule à double commande par un particulier et d'instaurer un agrément préfectoral spécifique pour les entreprises de location, assorti d'un contrôle régulier. Enfin, il souhaite connaître les intentions du Gouvernement en matière de renforcement des moyens de contrôle de la direction générale de la concurrence, de la consommation et de la répression des fraudes (DGCCRF) ainsi que des services préfectoraux, afin d'assurer que ces nouveaux acteurs respectent pleinement leurs obligations et que les intérêts des familles, des professionnels de l'enseignement et de la sécurité routière soient préservés.
Question· Question écrite9282answered
France · National Assembly · 5 August 2025
Mr. Julien Guibert draws the attention of the Minister of Agriculture and Food Sovereignty to the worrying development of certain practices observed in the veterinary sector and to their economic, health and environmental consequences. In rural areas like Nièvre, local veterinarians provide an essential service to breeders. Their movements in breeding and the care they provide are expensive and unprofitable. To maintain the economic viability of their practices, these practitioners integrate the sale of drugs into their economic model, in compliance with ethics and after examining the animals. This source of income is often essential to compensate for the low margins generated by field activities. However, a model inspired by the Belgian “responsible veterinarian” is developing in France: practitioners or commercial structures multiply prescriptions for vaccines, antiparasitics or antibiotics without traveling and without rigorous clinical monitoring, in conjunction with pharmacies. This system, based on very important and poorly controlled prescriptions, upsets the balance between field veterinarians and these new stakeholders. It increases unfair competition: practices that travel to treat and ensure the health of farms are penalized, while structures which simply distribute medicines remotely maximize their margins. Ultimately, this economic imbalance risks weakening the veterinary network in the countryside and harming breeders, deprived of individualized advice. This mercantile drift also raises health and environmental questions: an increase in prescriptions without adequate examination encourages treatment errors, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance and the dispersion of drug residues in soil and water. However, the root of the problem remains the breakdown in equity between the economic models of local veterinarians and those of “remote” prescribers. In this context, he asks her if she intends to take regulatory measures aimed at rebalancing competition between veterinarians. locals and these new actors. He would like to know if the supervision of the sale of medicines could be strengthened by making prescriptions subject to a compulsory clinical examination and by limiting the duration or volume of treatments delivered. He questions him on the possibility of increasing the controls carried out by the National Veterinary Medicines Agency and on the measures envisaged to slow down the implementation of a model of massive prescriptions without travel, in order to preserve animal health, the economic balance of local practices, food sovereignty and the preservation of the environment.
Question· Question écrite9281open
France · National Assembly · 5 August 2025
Ministry of Labor, Health, Solidarity and Families
Question· Question écrite8917answered
France · National Assembly · 22 July 2025
Mr. Julien Guibert draws the attention of the Minister of Agriculture and Food Sovereignty to the unacceptable obstacles encountered by farmers when they retire, in particular when they are unable to pass on their farm. In Nièvre, a couple of cattle breeders who have carried out their profession with dedication since 1987 are today faced with a dramatic impasse. After decades of hard and passionate work - without holidays or weekends, with total commitment to the service of the earth and their animals - they find themselves prevented from liquidating their retirement rights on the grounds that no buyer has yet come forward. Their operation, although listed in the installation departure directory (RDI), remains without a successor, like around ten others in the department. The situation is not exceptional: it reflects a deep malaise in the agricultural world, marked by a constant decline in the number of farmers and an alarming scarcity of facilities. However, the rules imposed by the agricultural social mutuality (MSA) condition the right to retirement on full transfer of the farm at the time of departure, under penalty of suspension or reduction of the amount paid, or even maintenance of contributions. post-activity. Such administrative rigidity is akin to a double punishment for those who have worked all their lives and contributed loyally and who are refused, at the time of well-deserved rest, the just recognition of the Nation. It is all the more unacceptable that the amount of agricultural pensions remains far below what allows a dignified retirement, often limited to just over 1,000 euros, supplement included. This organized precariousness, combined with the growing disinterest of public authorities in the issue of generational renewal, fuels a feeling of abandonment, even anger, among farmers, some of whom are falling into psychological distress. He therefore asks her if she intends to immediately review the criteria governing access to retirement for farmers who have not found a buyer, to reduce the obligations linked to transfer of farms, revaluing pensions to the level of the net minimum wage and finally creating a specific security mechanism allowing these farmers to retire without being penalized by the absence of a successor.
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