Mr. Thomas Lam draws the attention of the Minister of the Economy, Finance and Industrial, Energy and Digital Sovereignty to the sharing of the cost of fraud on the electricity network among all French consumers. Despite the success of the deployment of Linky meters which made it possible to modernize the French electricity network, we see that fraud in the electricity network has not been stopped. Enedis assessed its cost and estimated its overall losses at 275 million euros per year. However, the overall losses linked to fraud are automatically passed on to the overall bill for all consumers, representing a cost estimated at around 8 euros per year per household. This results in a form of forced and non-consented solidarity to the detriment of households respecting their obligations who find themselves financing the fraudulent acts of a minority. Consequently, he asks what measures the Government intends to take so that the cost of fraud is no longer systematically shared among all consumers and at the same time whether concrete actions are planned to accelerate the detection and prosecution of fraud, in conjunction with Enedis and the competent judicial authorities.

Question· Question écrite17283open

Question 17283 — children

France · National Assembly · 28 July 2026

Ministry of Health, Families, Autonomy and People with Disabilities

Question· Question écrite17335open

Question 17335 — housing

France · National Assembly · 28 July 2026

Mr. Thomas Lam draws the attention of the Minister of Cities and Housing to the difficulties of energy renovation of buildings in our territory and more particularly in Île-de-France. In order to meet the growing demand for housing, especially in a context marked by the scarcity of land and increasing costs, accelerating the energy transition of the real estate stock is essential. The renovation building energy constitutes a major issue and an ecological, energetic, social and economic priority, both to achieve climate objectives and to improve the purchasing power of households and strengthen the resilience of the housing stock. However, the ambitious objective of 180,000 homes (SRCAE) renovated to the BBC standard (low energy building) in Île-de-France requires significant efforts which come up against several obstacles identified by professionals in the sector, such as the complexity of the standards in force, the delays in processing appeals and the difficulties of financing renovation projects. Consequently, he would like to know the levers that the Government intends to mobilize to accelerate and scale up the energy renovation of housing, particularly in Île-de-France. More specifically, he would like to know if New measures are planned to strengthen support for individuals and co-owners, simplify administrative procedures, allow greater access to financing and support professionals in the sector, in order to achieve our objectives for energy renovation.

Question· Question écrite17357open

Question 17357 — new technologies

France · National Assembly · 28 July 2026

Mr. Thomas Lam draws the attention of the Minister Delegate to the Minister of the Economy, Finance and Industrial, Energy and Digital Sovereignty, responsible for artificial intelligence and digital technology, to the problems encountered by French citizens in accessing certain artificial intelligence services developed by non-EU companies, more precisely when their deployment is delayed or suspended in due to the requirements of European standards. Indeed, many artificial intelligence functionalities announced by companies in the new technology sector are available in many countries, but remain unavailable, or only partially, within the European Union. This situation arouses strong incomprehension among many European users, fueling the fear of technological delay and a loss of attractiveness of the European market. If the objectives of the Digital Markets Act (DMA) in terms of competition, interoperability and consumer protection are decisive, its implementation must not deprive European citizens of important technological advances. The MP therefore asks him what measures the Government intends to take, in coordination with European institutions, to promote implementation of the DMA which allows rapid access to artificial intelligence services developed by companies established outside the European Union. He also wants to know what initiatives France intends to support so that European citizens are not disadvantaged in access to digital innovations.

Question· Question écrite17445open

Question 17445 — treaties and conventions

France · National Assembly · 28 July 2026

Ministry of Economy, Finance and Industrial, Energy and Digital Sovereignty

Question· Question écrite15702open

Question 15702 — treaties and conventions

France · National Assembly · 2 June 2026

Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs

Question· Question écrite6785answered

Question 6785 — women

France · National Assembly · 20 May 2025

Le Gouvernement partage le constat dressé. Bien que, depuis 2017, de nombreuses avancées en matière de prévention et de lutte contre les violences faites aux femmes aient été réalisées, les chiffres des violences sexistes et sexuelles sont alarmants, et chaque victime rappelle l'urgence de renforcer l'action publique. Consciente des enjeux et de la nécessité d'une réponse à la hauteur, Mme Aurore Bergé, ministre déléguée auprès du Premier ministre, a pris l'initiative de mettre en place un groupe de travail transpartisan, réunissant the whole ofs forces politiques représentées au Parlement. Ce groupe a pour mission de nourrir la réflexion en vue d'une future loi et de construire une réponse globale, cohérente et ambitieuse. Ces travaux nourriront les orientations by the government et permettront, le moment venu, de s'inspirer des propositions portées par la société civile, notamment celles formulées dans le cadre du projet de « loi cadre » de la coalition féministe. Le Gouvernement reste pleinement mobilisé pour que chaque femme soit protégée, chaque victime accompagnée, et que les violences reculent concrètement dans notre société.

Question· Question écrite5900answered

Question 5900 — waste

France · National Assembly · 15 April 2025

Mr. Thomas Lam questions the Minister Delegate to the Minister of the Economy, Finance and Industrial and Digital Sovereignty, responsible for commerce, crafts, small and medium-sized businesses and the social and solidarity economy, on the government's ambitions to further stimulate the establishment of a French circular economy. We must first recall the efforts made in recent years which today France is one of the best performing countries in the European Union in terms of circularity rate, i.e. the share of material resources used coming from recycled waste. The visit of Jessika Roswall, European Commissioner for the environment, water resilience and a competitive circular economy, to Paris in March 2025, and her meeting with the Prime Minister were an opportunity to display the ambitions of the EU in terms of circularity of the economy. A European act on this subject is planned for 2026 and aims to make Europe the first circular economy in the world by 2030. In this context, France can reaffirm its status as a European leader in this area by defining a clear roadmap for the years to come accompanied by ambitious objectives. Indeed, even if the demand for materials is significant today, there remains cheaper for manufacturers to buy virgin materials than recycled or reused ones. Another central issue is the treatment and reuse of wastewater, for which the 2023 water plan has already outlined possible solutions. To respond to all these concerns, he therefore asks what efforts the Government intends to implement to further promote the circular economy in France.

Question· Question écrite5973answered

Question 5973 — diseases

France · National Assembly · 15 April 2025

Mr. Thomas Lam questions the Minister to the Minister of Labor, Health, Solidarity and Families, responsible for health and access to care, on research on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and the Government's support for French biotechs. With more than 500,000 cases worldwide, including 2,000 new ones per year in France, this disease, whose life expectancy is between 3 and 5 years, is an orphan. None No effective treatment has been found to date to cure it. However, ALS research is currently promising. For the first time, four French biotech companies have developed molecules that could transform the future of this disease. These advances raise immense hope for patients and their families, but are now seriously threatened. Due to lack of sufficient financing, these companies are in the inability to continue their phase 2 clinical trials. Deprived of support, these biotechs have no other choice but to leave France to conduct their trials, joining foreign countries where the support systems are more flexible and more favorable. Access to treatment is another major obstacle. ALS is a devastating disease where every day lost means an irreversible loss of opportunity. However, the regulatory framework requires extremely long clinical trials, incompatible with the urgency of the situation. It is imperative that France adapts its procedures and allows early access to molecules having shown encouraging results in phase 2, accompanied by systematic collection of real-life data. This model, already in place for other serious illnesses, would make it possible to respond to a dual challenge: offering treatments to patients who do not have unable to integrate the trials and reduce costs for biotechs, which today struggle to finance long and complex studies. In order to relieve biotechs of these high costs, deferring payment of additional hospital costs to biotechs at the end of their clinical studies (an amount that can be guaranteed by the State) would be another possible avenue. Beyond these issues, SLA represents a unique study model, whose advances will benefit all neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. It is urgent that France takes stock of this issue and adopts a proactive and ambitious approach to support research and innovation in this area. He therefore asks him what concrete actions he intends to take to facilitate access to financing and clinical trials for biotechs.

Question· Question écrite5725answered

Question 5725 — teaching

France · National Assembly · 8 April 2025

Mr. Thomas Lam questions the Minister Delegate to the Minister of Labor, Health, Solidarity and Families, responsible for autonomy and disability, on the lack of aid for children with disabilities (AESH). Indeed, the number of children with disabilities enrolled in mainstream education has tripled since 2006, representing 436,000 schoolchildren in 2022. At the same time, the State has certainly made efforts in increasing the AESH workforce by 90% over the last decade, but with only 78,800 annual full-time equivalent positions worked in 2023, these guides are far from being able to cover the real needs of families to ensure peaceful schooling for their children. This lack of AESH undermines the academic success of children with disabilities educated in ordinary settings, which undermines the promise of the republican school to ensure equal opportunities for all the children of the Nation. He would therefore like to inquire about the solutions that the Government intends to put in place to alleviate this critical situation for many families.

Question· Question écrite5756answered

Question 5756 — corporate tax

France · National Assembly · 8 April 2025

Mr. Thomas Lam questions the Minister of the Economy, Finance and Industrial and Digital Sovereignty on the unfairness of the research tax credit (CIR) which disproportionately benefits large companies to the detriment of SMEs. Initially designed as an instrument to support innovation, the CIR today raises questions about its cost/effectiveness ratio in an increasingly restricted budgetary context. More In particular, numerous studies point to the lack of targeting of tax reductions according to the size of the beneficiary companies, with a report from the Montaigne Institute even mentioning “distortionary effects which act in favor of large companies to the detriment of SMEs”. In fact, the first fifty beneficiary companies capture half of the total CIR debt while SMEs, which represent 91% of beneficiaries, total less than 32% of the credits. This situation raises even more questions as the effectiveness of the CIR is observed in an inversely proportional manner to the size of the companies: the smaller the companies, the greater the incentive effect. Thus, for each euro of tax assistance received, companies with less than fifty employees invest more than 1.40 euros in R and D, a figure which drops to a meager 0.40 euro for large companies. Real questions of distortion of competition therefore arise as the positive effects of these tax reductions decrease as the size of the beneficiary company increases. For all these reasons, he wishes to know what the Government intends to do in order to guarantee a fairer contribution from the CIR, guaranteeing on the one hand a greater incentive for innovation whatever the size of the beneficiary company and on the other hand canceling out the distorting effects of competition which penalize SMEs.

Question· Question écrite5855open

Question 5855 — self-employed and self-employed

France · National Assembly · 8 April 2025

Ministry of Economy, Finance and Industrial and Digital Sovereignty