Records
35 records where Cédric Villani is listed as a sponsor, author, or other actor. Search with topics and years
Question· Question écrite45024open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Cédric Villani alerts the Minister of Higher Education, Research and Innovation on the development of “junior professorships”, a new route to access the body of university professors created by article 4 of the research programming law of December 24, 2020. It is clear that the few safeguards provided for during the discussions of the law were purely and simply removed in the implementing decree of December 17, 2021. In order to be able to use this recruitment route rather than recruitment through traditional routes (competitions, promotions, secondments or integrations), it was mainly a question of proving the “specific” nature of the need; on the other hand to justify a “necessity”, which should limit their use to “rare disciplines where we have difficulty retaining even our doctoral students, recruited abroad before completing their doctorate,” in the words of the Minister. The circulars of June 23, 2021 and January 5, 2022 relating to the “establishment of junior professorships” have definitively buried these supervision conditions. The MP wishes to remind the Minister of the dangers that widespread recourse to this type of recruitment would raise and that the safeguards, already minimal, decided by the national representation during the debates on the research programming law, had been adopted to prevent these dangers. Without dwelling on the obvious democratic denial which constitutes the fact of diverting the spirit of the laws via regulatory acts, the MP underlines that the generalization of junior professorships would pose a threat to the balance of the university recruitment system, in a moment of great fragility and exhaustion of teams. He wants to know his position on the subject.
Question· Question écrite43166answered
France · National Assembly
Mr. Cédric Villani questions the Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice, about the lack of condemnation of acts of cruelty and mistreatment against wild animals living in a state of freedom. Serious abuse or abuse of a sexual nature and acts of cruelty towards domestic animals, tamed or held in captivity are punishable by article 521-1 of the penal code with three years' imprisonment and a fine of 45,000 euros. THE wild animals living in a state of freedom are therefore excluded from this article and no article protects them against these practices. However, wild animals living in a state of freedom can be subjected to acts of cruelty. For example, in March 2021, a video of a badger being subjected to cruel acts was shared on social media. The animal had been hit by a car and then taken to a party. In the video, we see the animal being kicked, jumped on with both feet, and beaten with a stick while still alive. Contacted by several animal rights organizations, the public prosecutor decided to dismiss the case, on the grounds that these acts were perpetrated on a wild animal living in a state of freedom. However, the sensitivity of this animal, its capacity to suffer, does not differ whether it is free or under human care. This leads to legal inconsistency, where a bred wild animal can lose its protection as soon as it is released into the wild. This inconsistency was amply highlighted by the legal experts speaking at the conference organized by the Animal Law, Ethics and Sciences (LFDA) foundation on November 16, 2021, in which the Minister of Ecological Transition participated by video. During this conference, the LFDA revealed an opinion poll conducted by Ifop: 85% of French people questioned are in favor of extending the ban on acts of cruelty to wild animals in the wild. Therefore, he would like to know if the minister intends to present a bill to remedy this inconsistency and condemn acts of mistreatment and cruelty against wild animals living in freedom; this written question was proposed by the Droit foundation animal, ethics and science.
Question· Question écrite37346answered
France · National Assembly
M. Cédric Villani alerte M. le ministre de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation sur la situation particulièrement difficile des associations pour le maintien d'une agriculture paysanne (AMAP) en raison du couvre-feu fixé à 18 h en France. Les AMAP organisent la vente de produits frais provenant directement de la ferme dans des points-relais situés en ville. Le décret n° 2020-1310 du 29 octobre 2020, modifié par le décret n° 2021-31 du 15 janvier 2021, impose un couvre-feu dès 18 h sur l'ensemble du territoire français tout en admettant certaines dérogations, notamment pour les déplacements professionnels. Les producteurs sont concernés par cette dérogation, mais pas les bénévoles qui organisent la distribution ni les consommateurs qui récupèrent leurs marchandises. La distribution de produits dans le cadre des AMAP doit donc se faire avant 18 h, ce qui oblige les paysans à arrêter plus tôt dans la journée le travail pour pouvoir effectuer les livraisons dans les temps. Or la saison maraîchère arrive et les mises bas chez les éleveurs sont en cours, imposant des journées de 10 h de travail, ce qui est incompatible avec l'obligation de livraison avant le couvre-feu. Ils se voient de ce fait contraints de rattraper ces heures le week-end, ne s'offrant ainsi aucun jour de repos. Ce rythme n'est absolument pas tenable dans la durée et met en péril la santé et le bien-être de ces producteurs, et par conséquent le modèle même des AMAP. Ces associations sont pourtant essentielles car elles préservent la continuité des fermes de proximité et de l'agriculture durable, tout en permettant aux consommateurs d'acheter des produits de qualité à un prix juste. Plus de 100 000 foyers s'alimentent en AMAP aujourd'hui en France, en partenariat avec 5 000 fermes. Il paraît ainsi nécessaire d'introduire une dérogation au couvre-feu pour les déplacements pour motif de livraison alimentaire en AMAP et en circuit court. Il souhaite donc savoir s'il envisage de mettre en place une telle dérogation.
Question· Question écrite35136open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Cédric Villani questions the Minister of Ecological Transition on the question of the danger of a covid-19 epidemic within mink farms in France. On November 22, 2020, France began the slaughter of minks on a farm in Eure-et-Loir, following the detection of contamination of these mammals with covid-19. This decision is not isolated in Europe and follows those of the Netherlands, Spain, Greece and even the Denmark, which began killing all of the country's farmed mink, more than 16 million animals. These resolutions were taken following the discovery of a mutation of covid-19 transmissible to humans in these mammals, which, according to the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control, could compromise the effectiveness of a future human vaccine. In a report dated November 5, 2020, the WHO is alarmed by the changes genetics that can occur during the back-and-forth cycles of the virus between humans and animals on farms. Also, the conditions of intensive breeding constitute potential sources of contamination and an ideal breeding ground for the development of zoonoses, that is to say animal diseases transmissible to humans. According to the American Centers for Health Control and Prevention, three new infectious diseases on four come from animals. Faced with the risks that mink farms pose to global health, the Netherlands have already voted in favor of closing their farms before the end of the year, although this was initially planned for 2024. In Italy, the 13 farms in the territory should be closed permanently. Denmark, the world's leading exporter of mink skins, will present a text to Parliament completely banning the breeding of these animals, at least until 2022. Thus, faced with the health risks, he wishes to know if it intends to advance the ban on fur farming and its importation into the national territory desired for 2025 by the Government.
Question· Question écrite34844open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Cédric Villani questions the Minister of Agriculture and Food on the financing of operations to remove mistreated animals. The human and economic difficulties of breeders, linked to the agricultural crisis, must not obscure the distress of many animals. On some farms, animals are neglected, deprived of sufficient food or kept in very poor conditions. Since 2019, the establishment of departmental units to fight against mistreatment, led by the services of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food, has made it possible to anticipate and reduce the number of these situations of human and animal distress. However, many animals must still be removed by state services and temporarily entrusted to animal protection organizations, while a decision is obtained. judicial ruling on the future of these animals. However, the legal procedure is taking longer and longer, so that the costs of custody of animals, payable by their owner, can reach significant sums, well above the economic value of the animals. Thus, these procedures often worsen the economic situation of breeders and put animal protection organizations in difficulty. since they must bear alone the costs of looking after the animals entrusted to them by the authorities. The 2016-2020 animal welfare strategy, developed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food, plans to “ensure sustainable financing for animal removal and placement operations”. He therefore asks whether public funding or reduction of animal treatment times are to be implemented. the study.
Question· Question écrite34257open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Cédric Villani questions the Minister of Solidarity and Health on the status of the midwifery profession. Despite a regular increase in their skills and that of their level of responsibility, the recognition and salary enhancement of midwives are not changing. For example, we can legitimately question the absence of representatives of this profession during the Ségur de la santé negotiations. Regarding their status, the public health code specifies that midwives exercise a medical profession, in the same way as doctors. However, in hospitals, these are still classified in the category of non-medical professions. Also, it is regrettable that the student midwives did not even receive a bonus for their commitment and their work in difficult conditions to ensure the care of women during the first epidemic wave of the coronavirus. He therefore asks him if he intends to initiate specific negotiations with the midwives' union organizations, in order to consider better recognition of this medical profession as well as the salary increases that would result from it.
Question· Question écrite34225open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Cédric Villani questions the Secretary of State to the Prime Minister, responsible for people with disabilities, on the employability of people with disabilities. The law of July 10, 1987 requires any employer in the private or public sector and any public establishment of an industrial and commercial nature employing 20 or more employees to employ 6% of its workforce as disabled workers. However, according to the Fund Management Association for the professional integration of disabled people (AGEFIPH), 9% of them do not employ any disabled person and prefer to pay fines, others opt for internships or fixed-term contracts. Only 34% of the companies concerned employ at least one disabled person on a permanent contract. In the country, the unemployment rate for people with disabilities is 16%, a rate twice as high as the rest of the population. Thus, the France is lagging behind other European countries which have implemented real inclusion policies in terms of employment of disabled people such as Sweden or Austria, with employment rates of disabled people above 60%. The MP welcomes the temporary measures announced on the occasion of the European week for the employment of people with disabilities, in particular the extension of hiring aid put in place works within the framework of the recovery plan; but he fears that they will be insufficient. He would like to know if it plans, on the one hand, to strengthen sanctions for companies which do not respect the law, and on the other hand, to put in place structural financial measures, such as reductions in contributions, for the recruitment of disabled employees.
Question· Question écrite34068answered
France · National Assembly
Mr. Cédric Villani draws the attention of the Minister of Ecological Transition to the situation of non-domestic animals kept in private homes in France. The latest IPBES report published on November 4, 2020 demonstrates that proximity between wild animals and humans promotes pandemics. In fact, 70% of known diseases originate from zoonoses. Wild animals kept in private homes can carry multiple pathogens that can cause, for example, monkey pox, salmonella, herpes B or even tuberculosis, not to mention diseases that we do not yet know (less than 0.1% of the pathogens responsible for zoonoses have been discovered to date). The Code Animal association proposes the adoption of a strict list of species of non-domestic animals authorized for keeping and for which it is scientifically proven that they do not pose a health problem. He would like to know if such a list is possible in France and what timeframes would be necessary for its implementation.
Question· Question écrite33463open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Cédric Villani questions the Minister of the Economy, Finance and Recovery on support for public transport and the rail sector. The annual report of the High Council for the Climate was published in July 2020: “if only one recommendation were to be retained from this report, it would be to ban all support for carbon sectors from the recovery plan and to direct it as much as possible towards effective measures for reducing greenhouse gas emissions”. However, to date, several billion euros have been promised to the automobile and aeronautical sectors (already helped via the tax exemption on kerosene, for example), none for rail transport, although it is essential for the transition to a less polluting economy. Too many citizens in the country cannot get by on a daily basis without a car, too many freight trucks on the roads pollute the air we breathe. In the MP's constituency, the town of Les Ulis for example, which is home to 25,000 inhabitants, with unemployment of 15% before the current crisis, is one of the most isolated in a territory which is nevertheless among the most dynamic in the country: no public transport to quickly connect the town to an RER station and an RER B which has been underinvested for years. He wants to know how he views the modes of transport, those of people and goods, in the France of tomorrow.
Question· Question écrite33345answered
France · National Assembly
Mr. Cédric Villani alerts the Minister of Solidarity and Health to the situation of women forced to give birth while wearing a mask. If it is perfectly obvious that it is necessary to prevent any contamination of nursing staff in hospital, adding the constraint of wearing a mask to an already extremely difficult ordeal is much less so. Recommendations from the National College of French Gynecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF), dated September 30, 2020, are also very clear: the mask cannot be imposed on patients who are not positive for covid-19 or who are asymptomatic and when the patient does not wear a mask, the CNGOF recommends that staff wear an FFP2 mask in order to ensure maximum protection. In reality, however, it is clear that these recommendations are not always followed. Complaints from medical teams not having enough FFP2 masks are recurring and the testimonies of women traumatized by their childbirth are now legion: ban on removing the mask, respiratory failure, headaches, vomiting etc. This is a very worrying situation, particularly given the unique nature of the birth of a child, an event which should not be subject to the same health constraints as a simple consultation. He therefore asks him if he intends to take measures to remedy this intolerable situation.
Question· Question écrite31385answered
France · National Assembly
Mr. Cédric Villani questions the Minister of Higher Education, Research and Innovation on the share of plant proteins in food. This is one of the urgent measures recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate (IPCC), the United Nations (UN) and thousands of scientists around the world to counter climate change and environmental destruction. A plant-based dish emits 60% less greenhouse gas than a meat dish. Massaging the choice of plants would be a particularly effective public policy in collective catering. In addition, ANSES recommends for public health to consume more cereals, legumes, nuts, vegetables and fruits. Demand from users, mainly students, is strong and growing. The CROUS vegetarian offer would win to be mainly based on plant proteins, available daily in all their catering points and presented to users by default instead of being an option. It would therefore be possible for at least a third of the total of 70 million annual CROUS meals to be ecologically responsible, as is already the case in certain French university restaurants. He therefore asks her if she intends to develop an offer vegetarian rich in plant proteins in the food offering of university restaurants and CROUS cafeterias, and what measures it intends to take to ensure that this is the case (this written question was written in conjunction with the “vegetable plates” association).
Question· Question écrite31374answered
France · National Assembly
Mr. Cédric Villani draws the attention of the Minister of National Education, Youth and Sports to the teaching of life and earth sciences in middle and high school. The health crisis that we have just experienced as well as the environmental crisis have highlighted citizens' lack of knowledge and even distrust of science and research. Scientific culture, which is nevertheless necessary to respond to the challenges contemporaries, continues to see its level collapse. The school reforms which, for years, have reduced the quality and quantity of life and earth sciences teaching are to be called into question. These disciplines are essential for the development of critical thinking and experimental sensitivity, as well as for learning the foundations of the scientific method. Teaching life sciences and the Earth makes it possible to train citizens who are open and aware of the links and synergies between better health for all species, quality food, environmental protection and the fight against climate change. The MP proposes that the teaching of life and earth sciences be revalued, by adapting the programs and granting teachers sufficient time, to take into account the need to carry out experiments in small groups in order to awaken curiosity, rigor and creativity among students, and to enable them to apply a scientific approach. He wants to know what the Government intends to put in place to strengthen the place of life and earth sciences in secondary education.
Question· Question écrite31328open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Cédric Villani draws the attention of the Minister of Higher Education, Research and Innovation to the question of cohabitation in cities between humans and liminal animals (pigeons, rodents, rabbits). Very often, the response of institutions to the presence of liminal animals boils down to strategies for eliminating animals deemed “undesirable”. Poisoning, trapping, nets: these methods are violent and painful for animals, often harmful to the environment, never lasting. The lack of scientific knowledge on the behavior of these animals in cities, their interaction with urban furniture, the size of populations, genetic flows between various groups of the same species, lifestyles, behaviors and organization of animals often prevents the consideration of new solutions and blocks any innovation. However, France has very efficient scientific teams. Only scientific work - non-invasive - can provide hope for new solutions, respectful of animals, the environment and long-term. He would like to know what measures the Government is considering to develop research in order to acquire scientific knowledge on animal populations, their behavior and their evolution within cities.
Question· Question écrite26982open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Cédric Villani alerts the Minister of Higher Education, Research and Innovation about two recent events: the launch of the Starlink communications satellite constellation by SpaceX and the allocation of 5G frequencies. These two events, a priori distinct, will quickly disrupt the work of scientists around the world. On the one hand, the Starlink project, which consists of saturating space at low orbit of satellites to deliver high-speed internet everywhere on the planet, degrades the quality of the night sky due to the brightness of the satellites (equal to that of the Polar Star) and their omnipresence in the sky (1,600 satellites put into orbit by 2021 for SpaceX, not counting competing projects). This constellation, similar to networks of artificial lights in orbit, will prevent the observation of many astrophysical phenomena of interest, a field which has made significant scientific and technological progress in recent years thanks to ambitious means and international collaborations. For the record, France invested, between 2012 and 2017, more than 70 million euros in Very Large Research Infrastructures (TGIR) for astrophysics and astronomy, which would be lost if the observatories become unusable. In At the same time, in November 2019, during the World Radiocommunications Conference, the associations of mobile telephone operators attributed to the future 5G a frequency and a noise level almost similar to the conditions of observation of water in the atmosphere. This choice, made with full knowledge of the facts, will reduce the quality of short-term weather forecasts but also of long-term research, particularly those linked to change. climatic. This situation could lead to serious consequences, such as the impossibility of predicting the trajectory of a cyclone or the occurrence of a flood. In both cases, he questions him about the measures taken to safeguard the quality of scientific work, for which France has invested and positions itself in global pole position, and which risks being sacrificed for the benefit of commercial and economic interests.
Question· Question écrite26965open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Cédric Villani questions the Minister of Action and Public Accounts on the automatic allocation of social minima. Obtaining social assistance remains complex: a parliamentary report on the evaluation of public policies in favor of access to social rights specified in 2016 that 36% of potential beneficiaries of active solidarity income (RSA) did not request it. Automation of the allocation of minimums social was a campaign promise of the President of the Republic, and the timetable announced by the interministerial delegate responsible for the fight against poverty provided for a first stage in 2019 or 2020. Automation would obviously make it possible to see non-recourse disappear and therefore to fight effectively against precariousness. He would like to know the progress of this file.
Question· Question écrite24839open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Cédric Villani questions the Minister to the Minister of Territorial Cohesion and Relations with Local Authorities, responsible for cities and housing, on the regulation of housing rental platforms such as Airbnb. Voted unanimously, the “ELAN law” of November 23, 2018 established the principles of strict regulation of furnished tourist rental platforms. The new article L. 324-1-1 of the code of tourism referred to a decree the modalities for strengthening the control capacities of municipalities. However, Decree No. 2019-1104 of October 30, 2019 contains less restrictive provisions; in particular, it requires that the transmission of data from platforms to municipalities only be done once a year compared to three initially envisaged. Furthermore, there is no obligation to transmit to the municipality the internet link corresponding to the announcement. of the rented property is not provided for, making it more difficult for municipal agents to verify the concordance between advertiser, advertisement and address. Given the shortage of rental housing that major cities are facing today, he questions the reasons that contributed to softening the regime imposed on furnished tourist rental platforms like Airbnb.
Question· Question écrite24771open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Cédric Villani questions the Minister of Ecological and Inclusive Transition on the robustness of French nuclear installations in the face of seismic hazards. For several years, the general state of the French nuclear fleet has raised numerous questions, notably due to an increase in anomalies discovered on certain equipment, including fraud during the manufacturing of some of it. In addition, the reactors French have been designed for an already outdated duration and conditions of use. The 5.4 magnitude earthquake; a level close to the level taken as a reference by the Nuclear Safety Authority; which occurred on Monday, November 11, 2019, 26 kilometers from the Tricastin power plant and 23 kilometers from the Cruas power plant, today raises the question of the safety of nuclear installations during the occurrence of an earthquake. Despite the apparent absence of damage to the nuclear power plants concerned, EDF has also postponed the restart of the reactors at the Cruas power plant until December. Knowing that an earthquake can call into question the safety of nuclear installations, he questions their robustness in the face of seismic hazards.
Question· Question écrite24126open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Cédric Villani questions the Minister of the Interior about the number of law enforcement officers in Île-de-France. Indeed, as part of the discussion of the “Security” mission of the finance bill for 2020, which notably provides for the continuation of the plan to create 10,000 jobs over the five-year term with 2,000 additional recruitments of police officers and gendarmes, the MP would like to know the number of law enforcement personnel in Île-de-France. The first nine months of 2019 indeed illustrate an upsurge in acts of delinquency, particularly in Paris where intentional attacks on physical integrity increased by 9% compared to the same period in 2018. This increase is part of the context of a chronic shortage of staff in Parisian police stations, partly inherited from past job cuts, and a degraded situation in certain areas such as Porte de La Chapelle. Also, he would like to know the number of police officers and gendarmes assigned to the different departments of the Île-de-France region as well as their expected development in 2020. He would also like to see the number of police assigned to each Parisian district, as well as those of the police stations in the different municipalities of the Greater Paris metropolis, the small crown and Essonne.
Question· Question écrite16099open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Cédric Villani draws the attention of the Minister of the Interior to the non-recognition of the specific seniority advantage (ASA) in the national police. The ASA, defined by Article 11 of Law No. 91-715 of July 26, 1991, was successively supplemented by Decree No. 95-313 of March 21, 1995, which specified the conditions for granting this advantage, as well as by a decision of the Council of State No. 229547 dated February 9, 2005, which confirmed the retroactivity of the effects of the ASA to January 1, 1995 for all civil servants, including police officers. In addition, the decree of December 3, 2015 established a new list of police districts (CSP) giving entitlement to ASA from December 16, 2015. However, the new list resulted in excluding from this right police officers assigned to the same municipality but administratively dependent on another employment department, then even though the headquarters of their administrative premises is located in the territorial jurisdiction of the eligible CSPs. The Île de France could be considered as a single constituency, which would make it possible to avoid unequal treatment between agents even though their missions and dedication are the same. He asks him if he intends to take steps in this direction.
Question· Question écrite16021open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Cédric Villani draws the attention of the Minister of Action and Public Accounts to the agents seeking assignment, i.e. approximately 129 civil servants from all bodies, tenured or on fixed-term contracts, and assigned by order to the central administration of social ministries while awaiting permanent employment. This professional cessation is accompanied by a loss of contact with the world of work, since these agents are assigned to their home. This extremely painful situation for the agents concerned cannot be compensated by the fact that they continue to receive their remuneration, because their professional career is particularly compromised by these periods of inactivity: elimination of a more or less significant part of the bonuses, loss of ARTT days, absence of professional interviews, blocked promotion. In addition, a third of these agents enters the age group of “55-59 years” (2015 social report of social ministries). This observation established for social ministries appears to be generalized to all ministries, but it is very difficult to have a clear vision of the number of agents concerned across all three public functions. He asks him what measures he intends to take in the face of this situation which affects the fundamental right of civil servants to benefit from an effective assignment and the opacity surrounding the management of these agents without assignment for the entire state civil service, the hospital civil service and the territorial civil service.
Question· Question écrite15985open
France · National Assembly
Mr. Cédric Villani questions the Secretary of State to the Prime Minister, responsible for equality between women and men and the fight against discrimination, about the lack of parity within ministerial cabinets. Le Parisien in fact revealed that in November 2018, only 37% of advisors to members of the Government were women. A rate which is even reduced to 24% if we only consider cabinet directors and their deputies, that is to say the highest levels. Knowing the importance that these teams have in decision-making and their impact on the daily lives of citizens, he would like to know if it intends to take measures to improve this situation.
Question· Question écrite15951answered
France · National Assembly
Mr. Cédric Villani questions the Minister of State, Minister of Ecological and Inclusive Transition, on the consideration of animal welfare in France. According to a 2018 IFOP survey, 7 out of 10 French people consider that animals are poorly defended by politicians. The National Assembly recently adopted the bill on the balance of commercial relations in the agri-food sector (known as “EGALIM”) which included an article dedicated to the issue of animal welfare and which has caused a lot of disappointment on the part of citizens and animal protection associations. France has more livestock than inhabitants (nearly 50 million laying hens and 20 million cows). These animals integrated into industrialized production chains raise questions about food consumption patterns and the way we consider other species. He would like to know whether he intends, as was the case with his predecessor, to present a bill dedicated to this issue.
Question· Question écrite44121open
France · National Assembly · 1 August 2022
Mr. Cédric Villani draws the attention of the Minister of Solidarity and Health to the working conditions of caregivers and childcare assistants in critical care and resuscitation services. For two years, intensive care units have been hit hard by the effects of the health crisis. The caregivers respond, wave after wave, but they are physically and psychologically exhausted. The consequence The main cause of this exhaustion is the flight of hospital staff, leading to significant turnover in these services and a deterioration in the quality of care. In this regard, the payment of a bonus of 118 euros per month to nurses and managers of these services from January 2022, announced by the Prime Minister, is welcome and marks the start of necessary recognition of the “specificity of resuscitation”. However, caregivers and childcare assistants working in intensive care are excluded from this bonus system. This situation is today a source of incomprehension and legitimate discontent among nursing assistants and childcare assistants, who work in pairs and are coordinated with nurses and doctors. Their missions are complementary; they too suffer from working conditions that degrade. In addition, resuscitation requires specific and additional skills, which go far beyond their duties and training. Monitoring and caring for an intensive care patient requires real qualifications and specific skills that each nursing assistant and intensive care childcare assistant acquires. Tested by the health crisis, they now feel forgotten and despised. Thus, he asks him if he plans, on the one hand to remedy this unjustified imbalance, by allowing the payment of the bonus to all intensive care personnel and on the other hand to commit additional resources to resolve the growing difficulties experienced by these units.
Question· Question écrite44089open
France · National Assembly · 1 August 2022
Mr. Cédric Villani draws the attention of the Secretary of State to the Prime Minister, responsible for disabled people, to mobility aids for disabled people. In detail, a project to modify the terms of vehicle coverage for these people is currently giving rise to the initiation of price negotiations, even though an opinion from the High Health Authority is still awaited. This project raises great concern on the part of associations representing people with disabilities, organizations of home health providers and wheelchair manufacturers. Even if they share the stated ambition of redefining the means of access to wheelchairs, they consider that the measures envisaged risk considerably limiting the possibilities of adaptation and individualization of the material, yet essential for people and having a negative impact on access to innovations and the diversity of chairs. It is essential to guarantee freedom of choice for each person using a wheelchair so that they can benefit from the equipment best suited to their situation and their needs, at the risk of serious consequences on their mobility, their safety, their comfort and their daily life. Moreover, in terms of pricing, the project would eliminate the funding currently allocated by departmental centers for people with disabilities, compensation and supplementary health funds, without any increase in the social security budget being planned. This therefore raises fears of a cessation of activity or the disengagement of service providers, manufacturers and distributors due to its economic unsustainability. He therefore asks what measures the Government plans to take to respond to the strong concerns expressed in the context of the evolution of the care arrangements and the financing of the reform.
Question· Question écrite35461open
France · National Assembly · 30 November 2021
M. Cédric Villani alerte Mme la ministre de la transition écologique sur la non-conformité du secteur de la restauration rapide à la réglementation relative au tri des déchets. Le décret n° 2016-288 du 10 mars 2016 oblige tous les producteurs et détenteurs de déchets depuis le 1er juillet 2016 au tri à la source et à la valorisation de cinq flux de déchets (papier/carton, métal, plastique, verre, bois). Cette obligation implique soit de trier directement avec cinq bacs dédiés, soit de mettre l'ensemble de ces cinq types de déchets dans une seule et même benne à condition de les stocker séparément des autres déchets. Concrètement, s'agissant des entreprises de la restauration rapide, cette obligation de tri est respectée lorsque le restaurant met à la disposition de ses clients, en salle, au moins une poubelle spécifiquement consacrée à ces matériaux à recycler et qu'il permet la valorisation des déchets par le prestataire de collecte. Devant le non-respect persistant de cette obligation, la secrétaire d'État auprès du ministère de la transition écologique alors en fonction a signé en juin 2019 avec les principales chaînes de restauration rapide un contrat d'engagement prévoyant notamment que 70 % des restaurants devront respecter le tri des déchets d'ici la fin de l'année 2019, 90 % d'ici au 31 décembre 2020. Pour autant, divers éléments portent à croire que cette obligation n'est toujours pas, aujourd'hui, respectée. À titre d'exemple, dans un rapport en date du 14 novembre 2019, le collectif citoyen « Zéro déchet au McDo » relève que seuls 40 % des restaurants du groupe McDonald's - leader incontestable du marché - effectueraient réellement le tri des déchets en salle, et ceci alors même que la réglementation dispose une telle obligation pour tous les restaurants depuis plusieurs années. Pour rappel, le secteur de la restauration rapide génère à lui seul quelques 180 000 tonnes d'emballages et 60 000 tonnes de déchets alimentaires par an, dont 1 kg de déchets par seconde pour McDonald's France. Il souhaite savoir si elle envisage des mesures contraignantes pour pallier le manque d'avancées constaté.
Question· Question écrite38815open
France · National Assembly · 4 November 2021
M. Cédric Villani interroge M. le ministre de l'économie, des finances et de la relance sur la situation du financement des hôpitaux publics. De nombreux hôpitaux, notamment suite à la crise sanitaire, se trouvent dans des situations financières très dégradées et les banques françaises refusent de leur prêter. Ces établissements publics se retrouvent obligés d'emprunter sur le marché des obligations, avec des intérêts qui financent un risque pour la banque. En l'occurrence, un hôpital dont M. le député a connaissance a déjà levé deux emprunts : 10 millions d'euros sur 20 ans à taux 1,77 %, et 15 millions d'euros sur 30 ans à taux 2,3 %. Les hôpitaux, sans garantie bancaire de l'État, doivent payer une surprime de risque alors qu'ils sont établissements publics. L'économie réalisée par un emprunt garanti par l'État pour un établissement public de santé permettrait de financer des actions réelles et concrètes de politiques de santé pour les Français (recherche, moyens matériels, moyens humains). Imagine-t-on l'État abandonner ces établissements en cas de difficulté de remboursement ? C'est pourtant cette incertitude qui est implicitement invoquée pour faire payer ces intérêts substantiels. Il l’interroge pour savoir pourquoi l'État n'apporte pas sa garantie aux emprunts contractés par les hôpitaux publics.
Question· Question écrite39233answered
France · National Assembly · 5 January 2021
M. Cédric Villani interroge M. le ministre de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation sur l'élimination des poussins et canetons dans les exploitations avicoles. L'industrie de l'œuf utilise uniquement les poules femelles et ne peut assumer les dépenses liées aux mâles qui naissent dans les couvoirs. En effet, les poussins mâles, issus de mères génétiquement programmées pour la ponte, ne possèdent pas les caractéristiques nécessaires pour être vendus et utilisés dans l'industrie du poulet de chair. La filière poules pondeuses procède ainsi à l'élimination des mâles par broyage ou asphyxie. Chaque année en France, ce sont 50 millions de poussins mâles qui sont éliminés dans la douleur dès leur naissance. De la même manière, dans la filière foie gras, les canetons femelles dont le foie est plus petit et innervé sont éliminées. Il s'agit de pratiques douloureuses et de surcroît inutiles, puisque, une fois éliminés, ces oisillons sont jetés à la poubelle et traités en déchets de l'agroalimentaire. En outre, ces pratiques particulièrement cruelles génèrent également de la souffrance psychologique pour des milliers d'employés de la filière avicole. Le 30 octobre 2019, le ministre de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation a annoncé l'interdiction pour la fin 2021 de l'élimination des poussins mâles par broyage dans les élevages industriels, une annonce faite conjointement avec la ministre de l'agriculture allemande Julia Klöckner. Le mercredi 20 janvier 2021, le gouvernement allemand a approuvé un projet de loi interdisant l'abattage des poussins mâles dans les élevages de poules pondeuses. Ce texte de loi prévoit également la généralisation des méthodes de sexage « in ovo » permettant de détruire les œufs mâles avant l'éclosion, entre le 9e et 14e jour. À ce jour, aucune suite n'ayant été donnée en France, il lui demande s'il entend acter la fin programmée de l'élimination des poussins et canetons, au profit des technologies opérationnelles de sexage « in ovo ». En interdisant ces pratiques tout en accompagnant les élevages dans la mise en place des alternatives, la France pourrait alors se différencier et s'ériger, tout comme l'Allemagne, comme un pays pionnier à bannir totalement l'élimination de ces oisillons. Il lui demande ses intentions à ce sujet.
Question· Question écrite29294open
France · National Assembly · 4 December 2020
M. Cédric Villani interroge Mme la ministre de l'enseignement supérieur, de la recherche et de l'innovation, sur les conséquences de l'épidémie de covid-19 sur les ménageries des laboratoires de recherche. Les animaux sur lesquels sont menées des expérimentations doivent être nourris et soignés pendant l'interruption d'un grand nombre de travaux de recherche, ce qui occasionne de nombreux frais et demande de la main d'œuvre pour des animaux qui se révèleront peut-être inutiles pour les besoins expérimentaux. Ces animaux sont-ils conservés et bien traités, ou subissent-ils des euthanasies ? Cette situation étant amenée à se reproduire lors d'ultérieures périodes de confinement et les effectifs animaliers des ménageries ayant fortement diminué, M. le député propose de saisir cette occasion pour accélérer le remplacement, partout où cela est possible, des animaux destinés à l'expérimentation par des outils de substitution, telles que les cultures cellulaires, les organoïdes ou l'utilisation d'algorithmes... Ces alternatives plus éthiques, qui ne causent pas de souffrance animale, ont fait leurs preuves dans de nombreux domaines, économisent une partie des dépenses liées à la ménagerie et permettent de disposer de modèles moins dépendants d'une présence humaine quotidienne dans cette période d'épidémie. Il souhaite savoir ce que le Gouvernement compte mettre en place pour encourager et financer ces méthodes substitutives.
Question· Question écrite17745open
France · National Assembly · 2 December 2019
M. Cédric Villani attire l'attention de Mme la secrétaire d'État, auprès du Premier ministre, chargée des personnes handicapées, sur la prise en compte des revenus du conjoint pour l'attribution de l'allocation handicapés. Actuellement, pour calculer le montant de l'allocation adulte handicapé (AAH), les Caisses d'allocations familiales prennent en compte les ressources du conjoint. Cette réglementation rend de facto les personnes handicapées dépendantes de leur conjoint. Il souhaite savoir si son ministère travaille sur des pistes pour remédier à cette situation, en particulier désindexer les revenus du conjoint dans le calcul de l'AAH.
Question· Question écrite17652answered
France · National Assembly · 2 December 2019
M. Cédric Villani interroge M. le ministre de l'éducation nationale et de la jeunesse sur la mobilité, actuellement très contrainte, des professeurs des écoles. Ils rencontrent en effet beaucoup de difficultés pour obtenir un changement de département d'affectation, ce qui crée des situations personnelles parfois très compliquées. Or ces blocages semblent venir en particulier du fait que les demandes de mobilité ne sont pas examinées au niveau national, mais département par département. Ainsi, un peu schématiquement, un professeur du département X pourra être affecté dans le département Y si un professeur du département Y demande à aller dans le département X. On est donc dans une situation absurde : si un PE du 01 souhaite aller dans le 02, qu'un PE du 02 souhaite aller dans le 03, etc., qu'un PE du 94 souhaite aller dans le 95, et qu'un PE du 95 souhaite aller dans le 01, il est très probable qu'aucune demande ne sera satisfaite avec le système actuel, alors qu'une solution évidente existe pour satisfaire tout le monde. Si un tel système était justifié à l'origine, l'informatique permettrait aujourd'hui de traiter très efficacement toutes ces demandes au niveau national, et d'en satisfaire beaucoup plus qu'actuellement. De nombreux logiciels capables de traiter ce problème existent. Par exemple, des enseignants-chercheurs du supérieur ont pris l'initiative d'en mettre un en place depuis de nombreuses années (voir http://postes.smai.emath.fr/apres/echanges/). Ainsi, une simple mise à niveau informatique permettrait de débloquer des milliers de situations familiales souvent très mal vécues parmi les personnels de l'éducation nationale, et d'éviter nombre de démissions de professeurs des écoles. Il souhaite donc connaître ses intentions sur cette question.
Question· Question écrite17606answered
France · National Assembly · 2 December 2019
M. Cédric Villani interroge M. le ministre d'État, ministre de la transition écologique et solidaire, sur l'avenir des delphinariums en France. La décision du Conseil d'État datant du 29 janvier 2018 qui a cassé l'arrêté interministériel pris le 3 mai 2017 par la ministre de l'environnement d'alors, Mme Ségolène Royal, a marqué un net recul en matière de bien-être animal, au motif de surcroît d'une irrégularité de pure forme. Cet arrêté avait fait l'objet de vingt mois de discussions entre le gouvernement, les delphinariums et les ONG, et avait été soumis ensuite à consultation en février 2017, ce qui témoigne indéniablement d'une réelle concertation. Il souhaite savoir s'il entend reprendre à son compte ce chantier et proposer rapidement à la signature de ses collègues ministres un nouvel arrêté interministériel aux ambitions et exigences réaffirmées.
Question· Question écrite24906open
France · National Assembly · 11 March 2019
M. Cédric Villani interroge Mme la ministre des solidarités et de la santé sur les moyens mis en œuvre pour remédier à la crise que traversent les personnels soignants de l'hôpital public et en particulier ceux des services de pédiatrie. L'hôpital public français a acquis une réputation d'excellence, assurant une mission de service public chère aux Françaises et aux Français. Ce système paraît aujourd'hui à bout de souffle, la qualité des soins se dégrade et la sécurité des patients semble menacée. Plus grave encore, les services de pédiatrie ne réussissent plus à faire face aux flux de jeunes patients : depuis la mi-octobre 2019, 17 transferts hors Île-de-France ont dû être effectués en réanimation du fait de lits fermés faute de soignants (PNM) et des retards ont été enregistrés pour les autres enfants pour cause de SMUR occupés, ligne de SMUR fermé ou en attente de libération de places. En outre, la situation plus générale de l'hôpital public, confronté depuis de nombreuses années à un sous-financement récurent, comme reconnu par le Président de la République, ne pourra que se dégrader, en raison notamment de l'augmentation du nombre de maladies chroniques et du vieillissement de la population. À la veille d'une nouvelle mobilisation des personnels soignants, il l'interroge sur les moyens mis en œuvre pour remédier à cette situation.
Question· Question écrite3594open
France · National Assembly · 11 May 2017
M. Cédric Villani attire l'attention de M. le ministre de l'éducation nationale sur article 69 de la loi du 21 août 2003 selon lequel la prolongation d'activité pour un professeur n'est possible que dans le cas où la durée des services liquidables de ce dernier est inférieure au nombre de trimestres nécessaires pour obtenir une pension civile à taux plein. En d'autres termes, un professeur qui souhaiterait poursuivre son activité mais qui aurait déjà acquis le nombre de trimestres requis pour prendre sa retraite et bénéficier d'une pension à taux plein, ne pourrait pas le faire en l'état de la législation actuelle. Il le remercie de bien vouloir examiner cet article afin d'évaluer s'il serait opportun de l'amender, en particulier dans un contexte où le recrutement de professeurs s'avère difficile.
Question· Question écrite3590open
France · National Assembly · 11 May 2017
M. Cédric Villani attire l'attention de Mme la ministre de l'enseignement supérieur, de la recherche et de l'innovation sur la reconnaissance en France de certains diplômes portugais de chirurgien-dentiste qui ne rempliraient pas les critères prévus par la directive européenne 2035/36/CE relative à la reconnaissance des qualifications professionnelles. Ces diplômes ont en effet été délivrés par un établissement privé, l'École supérieure d'études médicales (ESEM)-Clesi, dont la justice a ordonné la fermeture (arrêts du 27 septembre 2016 de la cour d'appel d'Aix-en-Provence). Il demande quelles mesures elle compte prendre face à cette situation qui pourrait également aboutir à une mise en danger des patients s'ils étaient soignés par des praticiens n'ayant pas le niveau minimum de qualifications requis.
Question· Question écrite3558open
France · National Assembly · 11 May 2017
M. Cédric Villani attire l'attention de Mme la ministre des solidarités et de la santé sur le manque d'accompagnement des enfants autistes en France, et en particulier sur la baisse (30 à 40 % évoqués) de dotations prévues pour le centre expert autisme Limousin (CEAL), centre d'expertise français reconnu, permettant de diagnostiquer et d'intervenir de façon très précoce auprès des enfants autistes, ce qui est essentiel pour améliorer leurs chances de s'adapter à leur environnement. Il souhaite s'assurer que les dotations ne baisseront pas et plus encore, que d'autres centres de ce type, dont les résultats sont à l'évidence excellents, puissent voir le jour au plus vite dans d'autres régions. Il lui demande quelle est la position du Gouvernement sur ce sujet.