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Rule of law

Records whose title is actually about this topic. Use a country filter if the list is still too broad.

29 records in EU in 2026

All countriesUnited States · 6,472Austria · 2,101France · 2,068Netherlands · 1,535Ireland · 1,467European Union · 660Germany · 244United Kingdom · 176Belgium · 1Search this topic

Records

Record· CJCELEX 62023CJ0748_RESdecided

Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 16 July 2026.#C. Limited v M. S.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Rule of law – Judicial independence – Second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU – Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – National legislation permitting a review of compliance with the requirements of independence and impartiality of a judge sitting in the Sąd Najwyższy (Supreme Court, Poland) – Composition of the panel of judges called upon to review compliance with those requirements – Irregularities in the appointment of a member of the panel – Consequences of such irregularities – Impartiality – Primacy of EU law.#Case C-748/23.

European Union · Court of Justice of the European Union · 16 July 2026

Record· TJCELEX 62024TJ0661_RESdecided

Judgment of the General Court (Third Chamber) of 15 July 2026.#Czech Republic v European Commission.#Non-contractual liability of the European Union – EAGF and EAFRD – Judgment annulling a Commission decision excluding from EU financing certain expenditure incurred by the Member States under the EAGF and EAFRD – Reimbursement by the Commission of the amount unduly received – Commission’s refusal to pay interest on the excess amount received – Obligation to pay interest – Compensation at a standard rate for the loss of enjoyment of the amount unduly paid to the Commission – Article 266 TFEU – Sufficiently serious breach of a rule of law intended to confer rights on individuals.#Case T-661/24.

European Union · Court of Justice of the European Union · 15 July 2026

Record· TJCELEX 62024TJ0661decided

Judgment of the General Court (Third Chamber) of 15 July 2026.#Czech Republic v European Commission.#Non-contractual liability of the European Union – EAGF and EAFRD – Judgment annulling a Commission decision excluding from EU financing certain expenditure incurred by the Member States under the EAGF and EAFRD – Reimbursement by the Commission of the amount unduly received – Commission’s refusal to pay interest on the excess amount received – Obligation to pay interest – Compensation at a standard rate for the loss of enjoyment of the amount unduly paid to the Commission – Article 266 TFEU – Sufficiently serious breach of a rule of law intended to confer rights on individuals.#Case T-661/24.

European Union · Court of Justice of the European Union · 15 July 2026

Record· CJCELEX 62024CJ0386_RESdecided

Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 11 June 2026.#Centro Petroli Roma Srl v Agenzia delle Dogane e dei Monopoli.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Rule of law – Judicial independence – Article 267 TFEU – Obligation on national courts or tribunals of last instance to make a reference for a preliminary ruling – Individual liability of judges – Taxation – General arrangements for excise duty – Directive 2008/118/EC – Article 16(1) – Tax warehouse – Opening and operation – Authorisation – Conditions – Fixing by national legislation – Distinction according to the storage capacity of warehouses – Criterion relating to the existence of ‘actual operational and supply needs of the installation’ for all warehouses – Additional criterion relating to the delivery of a minimum quantity of products over a reference period or to the dependence on another tax warehouse for small warehouses – Whether justified – Principle of proportionality.#Case C-386/24.

European Union · Court of Justice of the European Union · 11 June 2026

Record· CJCELEX 62024CJ0386decided

Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 11 June 2026.#Centro Petroli Roma Srl v Agenzia delle Dogane e dei Monopoli.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Rule of law – Judicial independence – Article 267 TFEU – Obligation on national courts or tribunals of last instance to make a reference for a preliminary ruling – Individual liability of judges – Taxation – General arrangements for excise duty – Directive 2008/118/EC – Article 16(1) – Tax warehouse – Opening and operation – Authorisation – Conditions – Fixing by national legislation – Distinction according to the storage capacity of warehouses – Criterion relating to the existence of ‘actual operational and supply needs of the installation’ for all warehouses – Additional criterion relating to the delivery of a minimum quantity of products over a reference period or to the dependence on another tax warehouse for small warehouses – Whether justified – Principle of proportionality.#Case C-386/24.

European Union · Court of Justice of the European Union · 11 June 2026

Record· CJCELEX 62024CJ0557decided

Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 21 May 2026.#Malacalza Investimenti Srl and Vittorio Malacalza v European Central Bank.#Appeal – Non-contractual liability – Economic and monetary policy – Prudential supervision of credit institutions – Decisions taken by the European Central Bank (ECB) concerning Banca Carige SpA – Sufficiently serious breach of a rule of law conferring rights on individuals – Principle of the protection of legitimate expectations – Conflict of interest – Proportionality – Equal treatment – Right to property – Grounds of the General Court’s judgment.#Case C-557/24 P.

European Union · Court of Justice of the European Union · 21 May 2026

Record· CJCELEX 62024CJ0155_RESdecided

Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 21 April 2026.#Nederlandse Voedsel- en Warenautoriteit and Others v Stichting Rookpreventie Jeugd.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Approximation of laws – Manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco products and related products – Directive 2014/40/EU – Article 3(1) – Maximum emission levels for tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide – Article 4(1) – Measurement methods – Measurement of emission levels on the basis of the ISO standards referred to in Article 4(1) – Standards not published in the Official Journal of the European Union – Enforceability of those ISO standards – Article 2 TEU – Value of the rule of law – Requirement of free access to such standards.#Case C-155/24.

European Union · Court of Justice of the European Union · 21 April 2026

Record· CJCELEX 62024CJ0155decided

Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 21 April 2026.#Nederlandse Voedsel- en Warenautoriteit and Others v Stichting Rookpreventie Jeugd.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Approximation of laws – Manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco products and related products – Directive 2014/40/EU – Article 3(1) – Maximum emission levels for tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide – Article 4(1) – Measurement methods – Measurement of emission levels on the basis of the ISO standards referred to in Article 4(1) – Standards not published in the Official Journal of the European Union – Enforceability of those ISO standards – Article 2 TEU – Value of the rule of law – Requirement of free access to such standards.#Case C-155/24.

European Union · Court of Justice of the European Union · 21 April 2026

Record· CJCELEX 62021CJ0521decided

Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 24 March 2026.#MJ v AA.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy Poznań - Stare Miasto w Poznaniu.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Rule of law – Effective legal protection in the fields covered by EU law – Judicial independence – Second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU – Second paragraph of Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – National legislation and case-law prohibiting national courts from calling into question the legitimacy of constitutional courts and bodies or from establishing or assessing the lawfulness of the appointment of judges or of their judicial powers – Obligation for a judge hearing an application for the recusal of another judge to ascertain whether the requirement of a ‘tribunal previously established by law’ has been met – Appointment of judges of the ordinary courts in Poland – Lack of independence of the Krajowa Rada Sądownictwa (National Council of the Judiciary, Poland) – No effective remedy for candidates for the judicial post concerned – Judge not constituting an ‘independent and impartial tribunal previously established by law’ – Possibility of removing a judge from a panel of judges of the court.#Case C-521/21.

European Union · Court of Justice of the European Union · 24 March 2026

Record· CJCELEX 62021CJ0521_RESdecided

Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 24 March 2026.#MJ v AA.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Rule of law – Effective legal protection in the fields covered by EU law – Judicial independence – Second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU – Second paragraph of Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – National legislation and case-law prohibiting national courts from calling into question the legitimacy of constitutional courts and bodies or from establishing or assessing the lawfulness of the appointment of judges or of their judicial powers – Obligation for a judge hearing an application for the recusal of another judge to ascertain whether the requirement of a ‘tribunal previously established by law’ has been met – Appointment of judges of the ordinary courts in Poland – Lack of independence of the Krajowa Rada Sądownictwa (National Council of the Judiciary, Poland) – No effective remedy for candidates for the judicial post concerned – Judge not constituting an ‘independent and impartial tribunal previously established by law’ – Possibility of removing a judge from a panel of judges of the court.#Case C-521/21.

European Union · Court of Justice of the European Union · 24 March 2026

Record· COCELEX 62024CO0517(01)_INFdecided

Order of the Court (Ninth Chamber) of 26 February 2026.#VG v Zastępca Rzecznika Dyscyplinarnego przy Sądzie Okręgowym w Gdańsku.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Article 267 TFEU – Article 53(2) of the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice – Rule of law – Second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU – Effective legal protection in the fields covered by EU law – Judicial independence – Izba Odpowiedzialności Zawodowej (Chamber of Professional Responsibility) of the Sąd Najwyższy (Supreme Court, Poland) – Possibility of calling into question a final disciplinary conviction at the stage of a procedure for the cumulation of penalties – Manifest inadmissibility.#Case C-517/24.

European Union · Court of Justice of the European Union · 26 February 2026

Record· TJCELEX 62023TJ1180decided

Judgment of the General Court (Fifth Chamber) of 25 February 2026.#BW v European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation and European Union Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation.#Cooperation between police authorities and other law enforcement agencies of Member States – Sky ECC encrypted communications service – Alleged unlawful processing of personal data – Action for annulment – Act not subject to review – Preparatory act – Admissibility – Processing of personal data by Member States and transfer of such data to Europol – Transfer of personal data by Europol to a Member State – Transfer of personal data from Eurojust to a third country – Non-contractual liability – Article 50 of Regulation (EU) 2016/794 – Joint and several liability of Europol and the Member States for unlawful data processing – Sufficiently serious breach of a rule of law conferring rights on individuals – Actual damage – Regulation (EU) 2018/1727 – Insufficient coordination by Eurojust of criminal proceedings between a Member State and a third country – Articles 71, 72, 89, 91 and 92 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725.#Case T-1180/23.

European Union · Court of Justice of the European Union · 25 February 2026

Record· TJCELEX 62023TJ1180_RESdecided

Judgment of the General Court (Fifth Chamber) of 25 February 2026.#BW v European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation and European Union Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation.#Cooperation between police authorities and other law enforcement agencies of Member States – Sky ECC encrypted communications service – Alleged unlawful processing of personal data – Action for annulment – Act not subject to review – Preparatory act – Admissibility – Processing of personal data by Member States and transfer of such data to Europol – Transfer of personal data by Europol to a Member State – Transfer of personal data from Eurojust to a third country – Non-contractual liability – Article 50 of Regulation (EU) 2016/794 – Joint and several liability of Europol and the Member States for unlawful data processing – Sufficiently serious breach of a rule of law conferring rights on individuals – Actual damage – Regulation (EU) 2018/1727 – Insufficient coordination by Eurojust of criminal proceedings between a Member State and a third country – Articles 71, 72, 89, 91 and 92 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725.#Case T-1180/23.

European Union · Court of Justice of the European Union · 25 February 2026

Record· CJCELEX 62025CJ0056_RESdecided

Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 12 February 2026.#Criminal proceedings against MA.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Article 267 TFEU – Principle of the primacy of EU law – National law alleged to be incompatible with the national Constitution and with EU law – Conditions for referring a matter to a constitutional court – Reasoned assessment of the consequences of the application of EU law – Prior reference to the Court of Justice of the European Union for a preliminary ruling – Article 94(b) of the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice – Determination of the national law applicable to the dispute – Content of the request for a preliminary ruling – Obligation or entitlement to refer a matter to a constitutional court before making a reference to the Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling – None.#Case C-56/25.

European Union · Court of Justice of the European Union · 12 February 2026

Record· CJCELEX 62025CJ0056decided

Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 12 February 2026.#Criminal proceedings against MA.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sofiyski gradski sad.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Article 267 TFEU – Principle of the primacy of EU law – National law alleged to be incompatible with the national Constitution and with EU law – Conditions for referring a matter to a constitutional court – Reasoned assessment of the consequences of the application of EU law – Prior reference to the Court of Justice of the European Union for a preliminary ruling – Article 94(b) of the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice – Determination of the national law applicable to the dispute – Content of the request for a preliminary ruling – Obligation or entitlement to refer a matter to a constitutional court before making a reference to the Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling – None.#Case C-56/25.

European Union · Court of Justice of the European Union · 12 February 2026

Record· COCELEX 62024CO0437_INFdecided

Order of the Court (Tenth Chamber) of 12 January 2026.#Cirsa Italia SpA v Agenzia delle Dogane e dei Monopoli and Ministero dell'Economia e delle Finanze.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Directive 2014/23/EU – Award of concession contracts – Temporal scope – Concessions for the constitution and operation of the network for the telematic management of lawful gaming by means of amusement or recreational machines – Article 43 – Modification of a concession during its performance – Article 5 – Obligation on the Member States to confer on the contracting authority the power to initiate, at the request of a concessionaire, a procedure to modify the conditions for the performance of a concession in cases where unforeseen and unforeseeable events have a significant impact on the operating risk of that concession – None.#Case C-437/24.

European Union · Court of Justice of the European Union · 12 January 2026