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Germany · German Bundestag · 3 February 2012
Originaltext der Frage(n):<br /> <br /> Wie bewertet die Bundesregierung den von fast allen Experten der Anhörung des Ausschusses für Kultur und Medien des Deutschen Bundestages zur Digitalisierung des Kulturerbes am 25. Januar 2012 festgestellten finanziellen Bedarf für die Digitalisierung von Kulturgütern in Höhe von rund 30 Mio. Euro jährlich?
Germany · German Bundestag · 28 November 2011
United States · United States Congress · 18 November 2011
Promoting Responsibility in Medical Expenditures Act of 2011 - Amends title XI of the Social Security Act (SSA) to increase civil money penalties, criminal fines, and prison sentences for fraud and abuse under the SSA title XVIII (Medicare) program. Directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services to submit to Congress annual fraud reports with respect to Medicare, SSA title XIX (Medicaid), and SSA title XXI (Children's Health Insurance) (CHIP). Amends the Small Business Jobs Act to exempt from disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act the algorithms used in predictive modeling and other analytics technology to identify and prevent waste, fraud, and abuse in the Medicare fee-for-service program. Requires valid National Provider Identifiers for prescribers on pharmacy claims for covered Medicare part D prescription drugs. Requires a prescription drug plan (PDP) sponsor identifying a claim for reimbursement for a drug prescribed by an individual without a valid National Provider Identifier to report to the HHS Inspector General any relevant information on such a prescriber, including any invalid national provider identifiers being used to submit such claims and related records. Requires the Inspector General of HHS to provide such information to appropriate law enforcement agencies. Directs the Secretary of HHS to establish procedures and rules to restrict access to the National Provider Identifier Registry in order to deter the fraudulent use of National Provider Identifiers. Decreases by 10% per quarter the federal medical assistance percentage (FMAP) for a state if: (1) it is receiving a grant for a state controlled substance monitoring program through which it identifies fraud, waste, or abuse in connection with the provision of prescription drug coverage under the state Medicaid plan; and (2) the state or a political subdivision is reimbursed by a third party for expenditures related to such fraud, waste, or abuse, or for a recovered amount. Directs the Secretary of HHS to establish procedures to eliminate the unnecessary collection, use, and display of Social Security account numbers of Medicare beneficiaries. Requires the Secretary of HHS to ensure that each newly issued Medicare identification card does not display or electronically store, in an unencrypted format, a Medicare beneficiary's Social Security account number, unless the beneficiary's health insurance claim number is the beneficiary's or spouse's Social Security number, and the risk of fraudulent use of such numbers is not unacceptably high. Requires the Secretary of HHS to prohibit the display of a Medicare beneficiary's Social Security account number in any written or electronic communication to the beneficiary unless its inclusion is essential for the operation of the Medicare program. Directs the Secretary of HHS to establish a pilot program to evaluate the applicability of smart card technology to the Medicare program, and whether such cards would be effective in preventing Medicare fraud. Prohibits payment for an item or service under Medicaid or CHIP unless the claim contains: (1) a valid beneficiary identification number corresponding to an individual enrolled under the state plan or an applicable waiver; and (2) a valid provider identifier corresponding to a provider eligible to receive payment for furnishing such item or service. Directs the Comptroller General to recommend methods to make Medicare claims data available to the public to improve Medicare transparency while protecting the privacy of individual Medicare beneficiaries, service providers, and suppliers.
Netherlands · House of Representatives · 13 September 2011
Uitvoering van de motie van het lid Verhoeven c.s. (31412, nr. 38) over digitalisering van radiofrequenties
Netherlands · House of Representatives · 25 August 2011
Verzoek om reactie inzake uitvoering Motie Verhoeven over digitalisering radiofrequenties
Netherlands · House of Representatives · 27 April 2011
Uitvoering motie-Verhoeven c.s. over digitalisering van radiofrequenties
Netherlands · House of Representatives · 5 April 2011
Motie-Verhoeven c.s. over digitalisering van radiofrequenties
Germany · German Bundestag · 28 January 2011
Originaltext der Frage(n):<br /> <br /> Warum hat die Bundesregierung bisher keine Rechtsverordnung zur Digitalisierung von Programmkinos verabschiedet, obwohl der Förderbeginn zum vierten Quartal 2010 geplant war, und wann wird die Bundesregierung die Rechtsverordnung zur Digitalisierung von Programmkinos beschließen, um eine zeitnahe und konfliktfreie Beantragung der Fördermittel auf Länderebene zu gewährleisten?
United States · United States Congress · 25 January 2011
Public Access to Historical Records Act - Directs the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to establish an official dataset on the historical temperature record. Requires NASA to utilize the raw data related to temperature that is collected by applicable stations and vessels and to quantify the statistical uncertainty of each temperature observation and any subsequent products based on that observation. Requires the gaps that exist in temperature station and temperature reading data to be clearly and fully identified. Creates a panel to assist the Administrator in the establishment of the dataset. Requires the Administrator, at least once every three years, to contract with an appropriate independent entity to perform a verification and validation of the dataset and requires the publication of any algorithms utilized, and any determinations made, in verifying and validating the dataset. Requires persons and entities engaged in global climate research funded by the federal government to utilize the dataset as a source of data on the historical temperature record. Directs the Secretary of Commerce to provide for the immediate release of: (1) all raw temperature station data from cooperative observers and automated stations collected by the National Climatic Data Center, and (2) an analysis of the differences between raw and final temperature datasets collected by the Center.
United States · United States Congress · 8 December 2010
Public Access to Historical Records Act - Directs the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to establish an official dataset on the historical temperature record. Requires NASA to utilize the raw data related to temperature that is collected by applicable stations and vessels and to quantify the statistical uncertainty of each temperature observation and any subsequent products based on that observation. Requires the gaps that exist in temperature station and temperature reading data to be clearly and fully identified. Creates a panel to assist the Administrator in the establishment of the dataset. Requires the Administrator of NASA, at least once every three years, to contract with an appropriate independent entity to perform a verification and validation of the dataset and requires the publication of any algorithms utilized, and any determinations made, in verifying and validating the dataset. Requires persons and entities engaged in global climate research funded by the federal government to utilize the dataset as a source of data on the historical temperature record. Directs the Secretary of Commerce to provide for the immediate release of: (1) all raw temperature station data from cooperative observers and automated stations collected by the National Climatic Data Center; and (2) an analysis of the differences between raw and final temperature datasets collected by the Center.
Austria · National Council · 14 October 2010
Entschließungsantrag des Justizausschusses betreffend Digitalisierung von Akten der Staatsanwaltschaft und der Gerichte im Strafverfahren zur Ermöglichung einer ressourcenschonenden und kostengünstigen Akteneinsicht (aus dem Bericht 933 d.B.)
Austria · Federal Council · 22 July 2010
Anfrage der Bundesräte Mag. Bettina Rausch, Kolleginnen und Kollegen an die Bundesministerin für Unterricht, Kunst und Kultur betreffend Digitalisierung des kulturellen Erbes
Germany · German Bundestag · 11 June 2010
Originaltext der Frage(n):<br /> <br /> Beabsichtigt die Bundesregierung die Einbeziehung einer Förderung über die Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau Bankengruppe (KfW) in ihr Maßnahmenpaket zur Unterstützung von Kinos für die Kosten ihrer Digitalisierung, und wenn ja, in welcher Form?
Germany · German Bundestag · 30 April 2010
Originaltext der Frage(n):<br /> <br /> Wie ist es in so kurzer Zeit gelungen, eine Einigung bei den Gesprächen über das am 6. Mai 2010 von der Bundesregierung zu präsentierende neue Konzept zur Digitalisierung der Kinos herbeizuführen, nachdem es anlässlich der Beratung des Antrags der SPD-Fraktion „Für eine Kinodigitalisierung, die den Erhalt unserer Kinolandschaft sichert“ in der Sitzung des Ausschusses für Kultur und Medien am 21. April 2010 von ihrer Seite keinen Hinweis auf einen bevorstehenden Abschluss der Gespräche insbesondere mit den Verleihern gab?<br /> <br /> Wird das am 6. Mai 2010 zu präsentierende Konzept, ohne den Details vorgreifen zu wollen, der Vorgabe des Koalitionsvertrags zwischen CDU, CSU und FDP gerecht, wonach die Digitalisierung der Kinos flächendeckend erfolgen soll?
Netherlands · House of Representatives · 2 November 2009
Motie Leerdam c.s. over het informeren van de Kamer over het vervolg van het beleid op digitalisering
Netherlands · House of Representatives · 5 June 2009
Digitalisering van vertoning en distributie in de filmsector
Austria · National Council · 22 December 2008
Schriftliche Anfrage der Abgeordneten Dr. Walter Rosenkranz, Kolleginnen und Kollegen an die Bundesministerin für Unterricht, Kunst und Kultur betreffend Kostenexplosion beim Verein "Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Digitalisierung des Kulturgutes"
Netherlands · House of Representatives · 18 September 2008
Mededeling digitalisering Europees cultureel erfgoed
Netherlands · House of Representatives · 31 July 2008
Achterstanden digitalisering patiënten dossiers
Germany · German Bundestag · 6 June 2008
Austria · National Council · 30 October 2007
Schriftliche Anfrage der Abgeordneten Franz Morak, Kolleginnen und Kollegen an die Bundesministerin für Frauen, Medien und öffentlichen Dienst betreffend die zukünftigen Maßnahmen bei der Digitalisierung des Rundfunks
Germany · German Bundestag · 15 December 2006
Germany · German Bundestag · 1 January 2005
<span>Originaltext der Frage(n):<br /> <br /> </span><span>Warum beabsichtigt die Bundesregierung für die Vergabe der frei werdenden Frequenzen durch Digitalisierung im Rundfunk („Digitale Dividende“) ausschließlich die Form der Auktion zu verwenden, und welche Begründung (inhaltlich sowie juristisch) setzt die Bundesregierung den von der EU-Kommission angekündigten rechtlichen Schritten entgegen?</span>
Austria · Federal Council · 21 February 2002
Mündliche Anfrage des Bundesrates Herwig Hösele (ÖVP) an den Bundeskanzler Dr. Wolfgang Schüssel betreffend Digitalisierung des Rundfunksektors
United States · United States Congress · 27 July 1999
TABLE OF CONTENTS: Title I: Domestic Uses of Encryption Title II: Government Procurement Title III: Exports of Encryption Title IV: Liability Limitations Title V: International Agreements Title VI: Miscellaneous Provisions Encryption for the National Interest Act - Declares that it is U.S. policy to protect public computer networks through the use of strong encryption technology, promote the export of encryption products developed and manufactured in the United States, and preserve public safety and national security. Title I: Domestic Uses of Encryption - Makes it lawful for any person within any State and for any United States person to use any encryption product, regardless of encryption algorithm selected, encryption bit length chosen, or implementation technique or medium used, except as otherwise provided by this Act or by law. Defines "United States person" to mean any U.S. citizen, any other person organized under the laws of any State, and any person organized under the laws of any foreign country who is owned or controlled by such individuals. (Sec. 103) Amends the Federal criminal code to prohibit, and set penalties for, knowingly using encryption in furtherance of the commission of a criminal offense for which the person may be prosecuted in a U.S. district court. Prohibits the court from placing on probation any person convicted of such a violation and prohibits the term of imprisonment imposed from running concurrently with any other term imposed for the underlying criminal offense. Specifies that the use of encryption by itself shall not establish probable cause to believe that a crime is being or has been committed. Makes it unlawful for any person to intentionally: (1) obtain or use decryption information without lawful authority for the purpose of decrypting data, including communications; (2) exceed lawful authority in decrypting data; (3) break the encryption code of another person without lawful authority for the purpose of violating the privacy or security of that person or depriving that person of any property rights; (4) impersonate another person for the purpose of obtaining decryption information of that person without lawful authority; (5) facilitate or assist in the encryption of data, knowing that such data are to be used in furtherance of a crime; or (6) disclose decryption information in violation of code provisions. Sets penalties for violations. Requires a court of competent jurisdiction to issue an order ex parte granting an investigative or law enforcement officer (officer) timely access to the plaintext of encrypted data, or requiring any person in possession of decryption information to provide such information to a duly authorized officer: (1) upon the application by a Government attorney that is made under oath and that provides a factual basis establishing the relevance of the information sought to a law enforcement, foreign counterintelligence, or international terrorism investigation; and (2) if the court finds that the information being sought is relevant to an ongoing investigation and the officer is entitled to such information. Directs that the order issued by the court: (1) be placed under seal, except that a copy may be made available to the officer authorized to obtain access to the information sought in the application; and (2) subject to notification procedures, be made available to the person responsible for providing the information to the officer. Bars disclosure of an application made or order issued under this section, except as specifically permitted by this section or another court order. Directs that there be created an electronic or similar type of record of each instance in which an officer, pursuant to an order under this section, gains access to the plaintext of otherwise encrypted information, or is provided decryption information, without the knowledge or consent of the owner of the data who is the user of the encryption product involved. Authorizes the court issuing the order to require that the record be maintained in a place and manner that is not within the officer's custody or control. Requires: (1) the record to be tendered to the court, upon notice from the court; and (2) the court to make the original and a certified copy of the record available to the Government attorney and to the attorney for, or directly to, the owner of the data who is the user of the encryption product, pursuant to specified notification procedures. Specifies that nothing herein shall be construed to enlarge or modify the circumstances or procedures under which a Government entity is entitled to intercept or obtain oral, wire, or electronic communications or information. Directs the court, within a reasonable time but not later than 90 days after the filing of an application for such an order which is granted, to cause to be served to specified parties an inventory which shall include notice of: (1) the entry of the order or application; (2) the date of the entry of the application and issuance of the order; and (3) the fact that the person's decryption information or plaintext data has been provided or accessed by an officer. Allows the court, upon the filing of a motion, to make available for inspection to that person or that person's counsel such portions of the plaintext, applications, and orders as the court determines to be in the interest of justice. Sets forth provisions regarding: (1) postponement of inventory for good cause; (2) admission of encrypted information into evidence; (3) contempt; (4) motions to suppress; (5) appeal by the United States; (6) a civil action for violations; (7) a statute of limitations; (8) exclusive remedies; (9) technical assistance by a provider of encryption technology or network service; and (10) reporting requirements. Authorizes an officer to whom plaintext or decryption information is provided to use such information only for purposes of conducting a lawful criminal investigation, foreign counterintelligence, or international terrorism investigation and for purposes of preparing for and prosecuting any criminal violation of law. Bars any such information provided to an officer from being disclosed, except by court order, to any other person for use in a civil proceeding that is unrelated to a criminal investigation and prosecution for which the information is so authorized. Allows such order to issue only upon a showing by the party seeking disclosure that there is no alternative means of obtaining the information being sought where the court also finds that the interests of justice would not be served by nondisclosure. Prohibits an officer from using decryption information to determine the plaintext of any data unless it has obtained lawful authority to obtain such data under other lawful authorities. Sets forth provisions regarding: (1) the return of decryption information; (2) other disclosure of such information; (3) identification of material that discloses such information; and (4) responsibility of the officer to reasonably assure that inadvertent disclosure does not occur. Title II: Government Procurement - Authorizes the President to require an encryption product or service procured to provide the security service of data confidentiality for a computer system owned and operated by the Government to include recoverability features or functions that enable the timely decryption of encrypted data or timely access to plaintext by an authorized party without the knowledge or cooperation of the person using such products or services. Requires the President to ensure that all encryption products purchased or used by the Government are supportive of and consistent with: (1) all statutory obligations to protect sources and methods of intelligence collection and activities; and (2) those needs required for military operations and the conduct of foreign policy. (Sec. 202) Authorizes the President to direct that any communications network established for the purpose of conducting the business of the Government use encryption products that: (1) include features or functions that enable the timely decryption of encrypted data or timely access to plaintext by an authorized party without the knowledge or cooperation of the person using such products or services; and (2) are supportive of and consistent with all statutory obligations to protect sources and methods of intelligence collection and activities and those needs required for military operations and the conduct of foreign policy. (Sec. 203) Authorizes the President to require as a condition of any Government contract that any encryption product used by a private vendor in carrying out the contract include features or functions that enable the timely decryption of encrypted data or timely access to plaintext by an authorized party without the knowledge or cooperation of the person using such products or services. (Sec. 204) Permits an encryption product to be labeled to inform Government users that the product is authorized for sale to or for use by Government agencies or Government contractors in transactions and communications with the Government under this title. (Sec. 205) Bars the Government from requiring the use of encryption standards for the private sector, except as otherwise authorized by section 204. (Sec. 206) Makes this title inapplicable to encryption products and services used solely for access control, authentication, integrity, nonrepudiation, digital signatures, or other similar purposes. Title III: Exports of Encryption - Directs the President to control the export of all dual-use encryption products. Authorizes the President to deny the export of any encryption product on the basis that its export is contrary to national security. Provides that any decision made by the President or his designee regarding the export of encryption products under this title shall not be subject to judicial review. (Sec. 302) Makes encryption products with encryption strength of 64 bits or less eligible for export under a license exception if: (1) such encryption product is submitted for a one-time technical review, does not require licensing under otherwise applicable regulations, and is not intended for a country, end user, or end use that is by regulation ineligible to receive such product and is otherwise qualified for export; (2) the exporter, within 180 days after the export of the product, submits a certification identifying the intended end use and intended recipient of the product and provides the names and addresses of its distribution chain partners; and (3) the exporter, at the time of submission of the product for technical review, provides proof that its distribution chain partners have contractually agreed to abide by all U.S. laws and regulations concerning the export and reexport of encryption products designed or manufactured within the United States. Requires the technical review to be completed within 45 days after submission of all required information. Directs the President to specify the information that must be submitted for the one-time technical review. Prohibits the exportation of an encryption product during the technical review of that product. Provides for: (1) periodic review of the license exception eligibility level; and (2) an export license exception for an encryption product whether or not it contains a method of decrypting encrypted data. (Sec. 303) Authorizes the President to permit the export of encryption products with an encryption strength exceeding the maximum level eligible for a license exception if the export is consistent with national security. (Sec. 304) Directs the President to establish procedures for the expedited review of commodity classification requests, or export license applications, involving encryption products that are specifically approved by regulation for export. (Sec. 305) Authorizes the President to grant an export license for encryption products with an encryption strength exceeding the maximum level eligible for a license exception which are designed or manufactured within the United States (with an exception) under the following conditions: (1) there shall not be any requirement, as a basis for an export license, that a product contains a method of gaining timely access to plaintext or decryption information; and (2) the export license applicant shall submit the product for technical review, a certification under oath identifying the intended use of the product and the expected end user or class of end users of the product, proof that its distribution chain partners have contractually agreed to abide by all U.S. laws and regulations concerning the export and reexport of encryption products designed or manufactured within the United States, and the names and addresses of its distribution chain partners. Requires the technical review to be completed within 45 days after submission of all required information. Bars exportation of an encryption product during the technical review. Requires all exporters of encryption products designed or manufactured within the United States to: (1) submit a report to the Secretary of Commerce (the Secretary) at any time the exporter has reason to believe any such exported product is being diverted to a use or a user not approved at the time of export; (2) report any pirating of their technology or intellectual property to the Secretary as soon as practicable after discovery; and (3) submit to the Secretary a report specifying the particular product sold, the name and address of the ultimate end user of the product (if known), or the name and address of the next purchaser in the distribution chain, and the intended use of the product sold. Authorizes the Secretary, the Secretary of Defense, and the Secretary of State to exercise the authorities they have under other provisions of law to carry out this title. Grants the President specified waiver authority. (Sec. 306) Establishes an Encryption Industry and Information Security Board, which shall undertake an advisory role for the President. Sets forth provisions regarding the Board's purposes, membership, meetings, findings and recommendations, and termination. Specifies that the Board shall have no authority to review any export determination made under this title and that the consideration of foreign availability by the Board include computer software that is distributed over the Internet or advertised for sale, license, or transfer. Title IV: Liability Limitations - Provides that, except for a person who provides plaintext or decryption information to another in violation of this Act, no civil or criminal liability shall attach to anyone for disclosing or providing: (1) the plaintext of encrypted data; (2) the decryption information of such data; or (3) technical assistance for access to the plaintext of, or decryption information for, such data. (Sec. 402) Makes compliance with this Act a complete defense for any civil action for damages based upon activities covered by this Act, other than an action founded on contract. (Sec. 403) Specifies that an objectively reasonable reliance on the legal authority provided by this Act authorizing access to the plaintext of otherwise encrypted data or to decryption information that will allow the timely decryption of data that is otherwise encrypted shall be an affirmative defense to any criminal or civil action that may be brought under the laws of the United States or any State. Title V: International Agreements - Expresses the sense of Congress that: (1) the President shall conduct negotiations with foreign governments for purposes of establishing binding export control requirements on strong non-recoverable encryption products; and (2) such agreements should safeguard the privacy of U.S. citizens, prevent economic espionage, and enhance U.S. information security needs. (Sec. 502) Authorizes the President to consider a government's refusal to negotiate such agreements when considering U.S. participation in any cooperation or assistance program with that country. (Sec. 503) Sets forth reporting requirements. Title VI: Miscellaneous Provisions - Directs the Attorney General to compile, and maintain in classified form, data on: (1) the instances in which encryption has interfered with, impeded, or obstructed the ability of the Department of Justice (DOJ) to enforce U.S. law; and (2) the instances where DOJ has been successful in overcoming any encryption encountered in an investigation. Requires that such information, including an unclassified summary, be submitted to Congress annually beginning October 1, 2000. (Sec. 603) Authorizes appropriations for the Technical Support Center of the Federal Bureau of Investigation for FY 2000-2003.
United States · United States Congress · 14 April 1999
TABLE OF CONTENTS: Title I: Domestic Encryption Provisions Title II: Government Procurement Title III: Advanced Encryption Standard Title IV: Improvement of Governmental Technological Capability Title V: Export of Encryption Products Promote Reliable On-Line Transactions to Encourage Commerce and Trade (PROTECT) Act of 1999 - Title I: Domestic Encryption Provisions - Prohibits the Federal Government or any State from establishing any conditions, ties, or links between those encryption products, standards, and services used for confidentiality and those used for authenticity or integrity purposes. Defines encryption as the scrambling of electronic communications or information to preserve its confidentiality, integrity, or authenticity, and to prevent unauthorized recipients from accessing or altering such communications or information. (Sec. 102) Makes the development, sale, and use of encryption lawful in the United States unless otherwise provided in this Act. (Sec. 103) Prohibits a Federal or State government from requiring an encryption key (solution) or other access to plaintext communications or information in the building of computer hardware or software. Title II: Government Procurement - Authorizes any Federal department, agency, or instrumentality (entity) to purchase encryption products for use by Federal officers and employees. Requires the interoperability of such product with other commercially-available encryption products. Prohibits any Federal entity from requiring any person in the private sector to use a particular encryption product or methodology. Title III: Advanced Encryption Standard - Directs the National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST) to complete the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) process initiated on January 2, 1997, and to make a final selection of one or more new private sector-developed encryption algorithms by January 1, 2002. (Sec. 302) Prohibits the Secretary of Commerce from promulgating or enforcing any regulation, adopting any standard, or carrying out any policy that: (1) establishes an encryption standard for use by businesses and entities other than for computer systems operated by a Federal entity; or (2) imposes government-designed encryption standards on the private sector by restricting the export of encryption products. Title IV: Improvement of Governmental Technological Capability - Amends the National Institutes of Standards and Technology Act to direct NIST to: (1) obtain information regarding the most current information security hardware, software, telecommunications and other electronic capabilities; (2) research and develop new technologies to facilitate lawful access to such information and prevent unwanted intrusions; (3) provide assistance in responding to information security threats and vulnerabilities; and (4) facilitate the development and adoption of best information security practices by Federal entities and the private sector. (Sec. 402) Requires the Computer System Security and Privacy Advisory Board to provide a forum between industry and the Federal Government on information security issues, and to foster the aggregation and dissemination of developments in information security technologies. (Sec. 403) Authorizes appropriations to ensure that U.S. law enforcement agencies and agencies responsible for national security are able to complete any authorized missions or goals regardless of technological advancements in encryption and digital technology. Title V: Export of Encryption Products - Gives the Secretary exclusive authority to control the exportation of encryption products. (Sec. 502) Protects presidential authority to control the export of products, including encryption products, under the Trading With the Enemy Act and the International Emergency Economic Powers Act. Authorizes the Secretary to prohibit the export of an encryption product for reasons such as possible terrorist use or threats to the national security. (Sec. 503) Authorizes the export, without an export license or export license exception, of any encryption product that utilizes a key length of 64 bits or less. (Sec. 504) Identifies encryption products which shall be exportable under export license exceptions. Makes encryption products and related computer services eligible for such exception after a one-time technical review. Provides time limits for consideration of exporters' requests for such exceptions. (Sec. 505) Provides conditions under which encryption products shall be exportable under license exceptions, including such product's general, public, or foreign availability. Establishes an Encryption Export Advisory Board to evaluate and make recommendations with respect to exception applications based on such availability. Allows: (1) judicial review of the Secretary's decision disapproving a Board's finding concerning such availability; and (2) the President to override any Board determination when such export or re-export would harm U.S. national security, including capabilities in fighting drug trafficking, terrorism, or espionage. Requires exporters' requests for license exceptions, including the one-time technical review, to be processed within 15 days. (Sec. 506) Prohibits the Secretary, upon adoption of the AES, from imposing U.S. encryption export controls on encryption products if the encryption algorithm and key length employed were incorporated in the AES or have an equivalent strength. Makes such product exportable without a license or license exception, and without other restrictions other than those prescribed under this Act. (Sec. 507) Prohibits the Secretary from imposing any reporting requirement on any encryption product not subject to U.S. export controls or exported under a license exception.
United States · United States Congress · 25 February 1999
Security and Freedom through Encryption (SAFE) Act - Amends the Federal criminal code to permit any person within any State and any U.S. person in a foreign country to use, and any person within any State to sell in interstate commerce, any encryption, regardless of the encryption algorithm selected, encryption key length chosen, or implementation technique or median use. Provides that neither the Federal Government nor a State may require that, or condition any approval on a requirement that, a key, access to a key, key recovery information, or any other plaintext access capability be: (1) built into computer hardware or software for any purpose; (2) given to any other person, including a Federal Government agency or an entity in the private sector that may be certified or approved by the Federal Government or any State to receive it; or (3) retained by the owner or user of an encryption key or any other person, other than for encryption products for use by the Federal Government or a State. Makes exceptions with respect to investigative or law enforcement officers and members of the intelligence community. Provides that neither the Federal Government nor a State may require the use of encryption products, standards, or services (products) for: (1) confidentiality purposes, as a condition of the use of such products for authenticity or integrity purposes; or (2) authenticity or integrity purposes, as a condition of the use of such products for confidentiality purposes. Sets penalties for the unlawful use of encryption in furtherance of a criminal act. Specifies that the use of encryption shall not be the sole basis for establishing probable cause with respect to a criminal offense or a search warrant. (Sec. 3) Amends the Export Administration Act of 1979 to grant the Secretary of Commerce exclusive authority to control exports of all computer hardware, software, computing devices, customer premises equipment, communications network equipment, and technology for information security (including encryption), except that which is specifically designed or modified for military use. Provides that after a one time, 50-day technical review by the Secretary, no export license may be required (with exceptions) for or in the export of specified computer hardware, software, computing devices, telecommunication devices, technical assistance and data, and encryption hardware, software, or computing devices. Authorizes the Secretary, after a one time, 15-day technical review, to authorize the export or reexport of computer hardware, software, or computing devices with encryption capabilities for nonmilitary and end uses in any country: (1) to which exports of computer hardware, software, or computing devices of comparable strength are permitted for use by financial institutions not controlled in fact by United States persons, unless there is substantial evidence that such computer equipment will be diverted to a military end-use or an end-use supporting international terrorism, modified for military or terrorist end-use, or reexported without authorization by the United States; or (2) if the Secretary determines that a computer hardware, software, or computing device offering comparable security is commercially available outside the United States from a foreign supplier, without effective restrictions. Directs that any encryption product not requiring an export license as of this Act's enactment date, as a result of administrative decision or rulemaking, shall not require an export license on or after such date. (Sec. 4) Directs: (1) the Attorney General to compile, and maintain in classified form, data on the instances in which encryption has interfered with, impeded, or obstructed the ability of the Department of Justice to enforce U.S. criminal laws; and (2) that such information be made available, upon request, to any Member of Congress.
Ireland · Dáil Éireann · 18 June 1998
8 Mr. McDowell asked the Minister for Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands when she proposes to respond to the proposal by RTE for the introduction of broadcasting led digitalisation; her views on this proposal; and if she will make a statement on the matter. [14528/98]
United States · United States Congress · 27 February 1997
Encrypted Communications Privacy Act of 1997 - Allows any person within any State and any U.S. person in a foreign country to use any encryption, regardless of encryption algorithm selected, key length chosen, or implementation technique or medium used, with exceptions. Prohibits the Federal Government or a State from requiring as a sale condition that a decryption key be given to another person. Specifies that nothing in this Act shall be construed to: (1) require the use of any form of encryption; or (2) limit or affect the ability of any person to use encryption without a key escrow function or of any person who chooses to use encryption with a key escrow function not to use a key holder. Amends the Federal criminal code to subject to criminal penalties and civil liability any key holder who, without authorization, releases a decryption key or provides decryption assistance. Makes it a complete defense against any such civil or criminal action that the defendant acted in good faith reliance upon a court warrant or order, grand jury or trial subpoena, or statutory authorization. Authorizes a key holder to release a decryption key or provide decryption assistance to a governmental entity requiring the disclosure of stored wire and electronic communications and transactional records, as well as stored electronic information, as long as appropriate court order requirements are met. Directs the Attorney General and other specified officials to report to the Administrative Office of the United States Courts on the number of orders and extensions served on key holders to obtain access to decryption keys or decryption assistance. Sets penalties for willfully endeavoring by means of encryption to obstruct, impede, or prevent the communication to an investigative or law enforcement officer of information in furtherance of a felony. Allows any person within any State to sell any encryption in interstate commerce. Grants the Secretary of Commerce exclusive authority to control exports of all computer hardware, software, and technology for information security (including encryption), except computer hardware, software, and technology specifically designed or modified for military use. Prohibits requiring any validated license (with limited exceptions) for the export or reexport of any: (1) software, including software with encryption capabilities, that is generally available as is, and designed for installation by the purchaser, or that is in the public domain or publicly available because it is generally accessible to the public in any form; (2) computing device solely because it incorporates or employs in any form software (including software with encryption capabilities) exempted from any such requirement for a validated license; (3) software or hardware otherwise restricted because it incorporates interface mechanisms for interaction with other software and hardware; or (4) encryption technology related to a device, software, or hardware described in (1) through (3) above. Directs the Secretary to authorize the export or reexport of software, hardware, and technology with encryption capabilities under a license exception if: (1) a product offering comparable security is commercially available from a foreign supplier without effective restrictions; (2) a comparable product is generally available in a foreign country; or (3) the sole basis for otherwise withholding the license exception is the employment of encryption from a foreign source. Directs the Secretary to prohibit the export or reexport of any computer software, hardware, and technology to a foreign country if the Secretary determines that there is substantial evidence that such equipment or technology will be: (1) diverted to a military end- use or a use supporting international terrorism; (2) modified for such uses; or (3) reexported without U.S. authorization. Prohibits any investigative or law enforcement officer or key holder from releasing a decryption key or providing decryption assistance to a foreign country, with an exception when the United States has entered into a treaty or convention with a foreign country to provide mutual decryption assistance. Declares that nothing in this Act: (1) constitutes authority for the conduct of intelligence activity; and (2) shall affect specified conduct by Federal officers or employees related to communications security and communications by or among foreign powers or agents.
United States · United States Congress · 12 February 1997
Security and Freedom Through Encryption (SAFE) Act - Amends the Federal criminal code to permit any person within any State, and any U.S. person in a foreign country, to use any encryption regardless of the encryption algorithm selected, encryption key length chosen, or implementation technique or medium used, with an exception for the unlawful use of encryption in furtherance of a criminal act. Allows any person within any State to sell in interstate commerce any encryption. Specifies that no person in lawful possession of a key to encrypted information may be required by Federal or State law to relinquish to another person control of that key, with an exception for access for law enforcement purposes. Sets penalties for the willful use of encryption in furtherance of the commission of a criminal offense. (Sec. 3) Amends the Export Administration Act of 1979 to grant the Secretary of Commerce exclusive authority to control exports of all hardware, software, and technology for information security (including encryption), except that which is specifically designed or modified for military use. Prohibits requiring any validated license (with limited exceptions pursuant to the Trading With The Enemy Act or the International Emergency Economic Powers Act) for the export or reexport of any: (1) software, including software with encryption capabilities that is generally available as is and that is designed for installation by the purchaser, or that is in the public domain for which copyright or other protection is not available or is available to the public because it is generally accessible to the public in any form; or (2) computing device solely because it incorporates or employs in any form software (including software with encryption capabilities) exempted from any requirement for a validated license under this section. Directs the Secretary to authorize the export or reexport of: (1) software with encryption capabilities for nonmilitary end-uses in any country to which exports of software of similar capability are permitted for use by financial institutions not controlled in fact by U.S. persons, unless there is substantial evidence that such software will be diverted to a military end-use or an end-use supporting international terrorism, modified for military or authorization that may be required under the Act; and (2) computer hardware with encryption capabilities if the Secretary determines that a product offering comparable security is commercially available outside the United States from a foreign supplier without effective restrictions.
Germany · German Bundestag · 12 April 1996
United States · United States Congress · 5 March 1996
Encrypted Communications Privacy Act of 1996 - Allows any person within any State, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and any U.S. territory or possession and any U.S. person in a foreign country to use any encryption, regardless of encryption algorithm selected, key length chosen, or implementation technique or medium used, with exceptions. Specifies that nothing in this Act shall be construed to: (1) require the use of any form of encryption; or (2) limit or affect the ability of any person to use encryption without a key escrow function or of any person who chooses to use encryption with a key escrow function not to use a key holder. Amends the Federal criminal code to subject to criminal penalties and civil liability any key holder who, without authorization, releases a decryption key or provides decryption assistance. Makes it a complete defense against any such civil or criminal action that the defendant acted in good faith reliance upon a court warrant or order, grand jury or trial subpoena, or statutory authorization. Directs the Attorney General and other specified officials to report to the Administrative Office of the United States Courts on the number of orders and extensions served on key holders to obtain access to decryption keys or decryption assistance. Sets penalties for willfully endeavoring by means of encryption to obstruct, impede, or prevent the communication of information in furtherance of a felony to an investigative or law enforcement officer. Allows any person within any State to sell in interstate commerce any encryption. Grants the Secretary of Commerce exclusive authority to control exports of all computer hardware, software, and technology for information security (including encryption), except computer hardware, software, and technology specifically designed or modified for military use. Prohibits requiring any validated license (with limited exceptions) for the export or reexport of any: (1) software, including software with encryption capabilities, that is generally available as is, that is designed for installation by the purchaser, or that is in the public domain or publicly available because it is generally accessible to the public in any form; or (2) computing device solely because it incorporates or employs in any form software (including software with encryption capabilities) exempted from any such requirement for a validated license. Directs the Secretary to authorize the export or reexport of: (1) software with encryption capabilities for nonmilitary end-uses in any country to which exports of software of similar capability are permitted for use by financial institutions not controlled in fact by U.S. persons, unless there is substantial evidence that such software will be diverted to a military end-use or an end-use supporting international terrorism, modified for military or terrorist end-use, or reexported without requisite U.S. authorization; and (2) computer hardware with encryption capabilities if the Secretary determines that a product offering comparable security is commercially available from a foreign supplier without effective restrictions outside the United States. Declares that nothing in this Act: (1) constitutes authority for the conduct of intelligence activity; and (2) shall affect specified conduct by Federal officers or employees related to communications security and communications by or among foreign powers or agents.
United States · United States Congress · 5 March 1996
Security and Freedom Through Encryption (SAFE) Act - Amends the Federal criminal code to permit any person within any State, and any U.S. person in a foreign country, to use any encryption regardless of the encryption algorithm selected, encryption key length chosen, or implementation technique or medium used, with an exception for the unlawful use of encryption in furtherance of a criminal act. Allows any person within any State to sell in interstate commerce any encryption. Specifies that no person in lawful possession of a key to encrypted information may be required by Federal or State law to relinquish to another person control of that key, with an exception for access for law enforcement purposes. Sets penalties for the willful use of encryption in furtherance of the commission of a criminal offense. (Sec. 3) Amends the Export Administration Act of 1979 to grant the Secretary of Commerce exclusive authority to control exports of all hardware, software, and technology for information security (including encryption), except that which is specifically designed or modified for military use. Prohibits requiring any validated license (with limited exceptions pursuant to the Trading With The Enemy Act or the International Emergency Economic Powers Act) for the export or reexport of any: (1) software, including software with encryption capabilities that is generally available as is and that is designed for installation by the purchaser, or that is in the public domain for which copyright or other protection is not available or is available to the public because it is generally accessible to the public in any form; or (2) computing device solely because it incorporates or employs in any form software (including software with encryption capabilities) exempted from any requirement for a validated license under this section. Directs the Secretary to authorize the export or reexport of: (1) software with encryption capabilities for nonmilitary end-uses in any country to which exports of software of similar capability are permitted for use by financial institutions not controlled in fact by U.S. persons, unless there is substantial evidence that such software will be diverted to a military end-use or an end-use supporting international terrorism, modified for military or terrorist end-use, or reexported without any U.S. authorization that may be required under the Act; and (2) computer hardware with encryption capabilities if the Secretary determines that a product offering comparable security is commercially available outside the United States from a foreign supplier without effective restrictions.
Germany · German Bundestag · 23 June 1989
Germany · German Bundestag · 17 October 1986
Germany · German Bundestag · 10 October 1986
Germany · German Bundestag · 6 April 1984
Germany · German Bundestag · 3 December 1982
France · Senate
L'évolution rapide du mix énergétique de la France, motivée par la lutte contre le changement climatique, est un phénomène majeur de ce début de siècle. La montée en puissance des énergies renouvelables, la réaffirmation d'une stratégie nationale en matière nucléaire, l'électrification croissante des usages et la numérisation des systèmes énergétiques transforment en profondeur l'organisation et le fonctionnement des infrastructures. Elles bouleversent en fait l'ensemble de l'économie : compétitivité des entreprises, sécurité d'approvisionnement, continuité des services essentiels.
France · Senate
Fruit de l'histoire, l'occupation de notre territoire n'est cependant pas figée. Mutation de notre tissu économique, montée de l'impératif environnemental, vieillissement de la population, digitalisation dans tous les aspects de la vie quotidienne : de nombreux facteurs se combinent pour transformer les territoires.
France · Senate
La mission d'information sur Alstom et la stratégie industrielle du pays s'est donnée pour objectif, au-delà de l'évolution du groupe Alstom et de son rapprochement avec Siemens, d'examiner notre politique industrielle afin de dessiner les contours d'une stratégie globale et efficiente en faveur de l'industrie, à l'heure où celle-ci est confrontée à des mutations et des défis induits par un mouvement de numérisation et de robotisation sans précédent, allié à une mondialisation toujours plus poussée des échanges. La mission a déjà rendu publiques en avril dernier ses conclusions sur l'évolution d'Alstom à l'occasion de son rapport n° 449 (2017-2018) - Siemens-Alstom : Pour un géant du ferroviaire véritablement franco-allemand.
France · Senate
L'Union européenne n'est pas épargnée par les cyberattaques qui se multiplient un peu partout dans le monde. Son modèle démocratique, sa prospérité et, peut-être, un manque de culture de la sécurité informatique, en font une cible de choix. Et la numérisation sans cesse grandissante des États, des sociétés et des économies va la rendre encore plus vulnérable.
France · Senate
La mission d'information sur Alstom et la stratégie industrielle du pays s'est donnée pour objectif, au-delà de l'évolution d'Alstom, d'examiner notre politique industrielle afin de dessiner les contours d'une stratégie globale et efficiente en faveur de l'industrie, à l'heure où celle-ci est confrontée à des mutations et des défis induits par un mouvement de numérisation et de robotisation sans précédent, allié à une mondialisation toujours plus poussée des échanges. Après avoir procédé à 38 auditions et s'être déplacée sur des sites de production d'Alstom ainsi qu'à Munich pour y rencontrer les dirigeants du groupe Siemens, la mission a souhaité faire un premier bilan d'étape sur l'évolution d'Alstom.
France · Senate
France · Senate
Dans le droit fil de la rencontre « Mémoires croisées » du 9 mai 2012 au cours de laquelle la Délégation sénatoriale à l'outre-mer, avec le Comité Pour la Mémoire et l'Histoire de l'Esclavage, a mis en résonance les mémoires coloniales, la rencontre du 12 novembre a posé une deuxième trame dans l'oeuvre de tissage des mémoires de nos outre-mer. La Délégation a souhaité mettre en lumière le gigantesque projet de sauvetage des archives de l'ancien fonds de RFO entrepris par l'Institut national de l'audiovisuel (INA). La numérisation, qui doit se dérouler sur plusieurs années, permettra de sauvegarder un patrimoine audiovisuel unique, constituant une part essentielle de la mémoire des outre-mer de ces cinquante dernières années.
France · National Assembly
Mme Alexandra Valetta Ardisson attire l'attention de M. le ministre de l'éducation nationale sur le poids des cartables. En effet, aujourd'hui encore, la plupart des écoliers et collégiens portent des cartables qui ne correspondent pas à leur morphologie et qui dépassent souvent les 10 % de leur poids, ratio limite prévu par la circulaire n° 2008-002 du 11 janvier 2008. Selon certaines associations de parents d'élèves, les enfants se plaignent de douleurs liées aux contractures musculaires au niveau du cou et du dos pouvant aller jusqu'à créer des scolioses. Régulièrement quelques élus locaux plaident pour « les tablettes à l'école » ou mobiliser de l'argent public pour promouvoir des solutions technologiques coûteuses. Or les solutions peuvent être beaucoup plus simples : collection de manuels scolaires en version électronique utilisable en classe et pouvant être consultés à la maison par exemple, cahier de texte numérique... Elle lui demande donc quelles sont les mesures envisagées par le Gouvernement pour répondre à cette problématique et alléger les cartables des enfants.
France · National Assembly
M. Arnaud Viala alerte Mme la ministre des solidarités et de la santé sur les difficultés rencontrées par les MDPH pour assurer un fonctionnement correcte répondant aux besoins des personnes handicapées. Ces difficultés sont malheureusement communes à l'ensemble de ces structures ce qui conduit parfois à des situations difficiles pour les employés des MDPH tout comme pour les personnes bénéficiant de ces maisons. Sur le plan des ressources, tout d'abord, les MDPH rencontrent plusieurs difficultés. Premièrement, du fait du gel des compensations de l'État depuis leur création en 2005, qui a pour effet de faire peser sur les conseils départementaux des charges de plus en plus lourdes s'ils veulent continuer de doter leurs équipes des moyens humains et matériels indispensables à l'accomplissement de leurs missions. Deuxièmement, du fait également de la mise à disposition par l'éducation nationale de fonctionnaires qui ne sont pas du tout soumis au même régime d'emploi que les personnels de la MDPH, ce qui entraîne de complexes problématiques d'organisation, notamment pendant les périodes de vacances scolaires. Troisièmement, du fait enfin, de la très faible compensation par l'éducation nationale des frais de déplacement de ses enseignants référents, qui ne permet absolument pas de couvrir leurs frais réels et engendre des charges importantes pour la MDPH. Sur le plan des missions elles-mêmes, plusieurs difficultés rendent la tâche des MDPH de plus en plus difficile. Ainsi, la plupart sont engagées dans l'important travail de numérisation de leurs données, qui est très lourd et ne donne lieu à aucun moyen supplémentaire de la part de l'État. De plus, la création du nouveau formulaire médical n'a pas amélioré la situation de la prise en charge des bénéficiaires puisque, de l'avis même des médecins, il est complexe à renseigner et exigerait une simplification. Enfin, il n'existe pas d'harmonisation des décisions et de leurs motivations d'une MDPH à l'autre et ce travail très fastidieux de création de référentiels communs repose entièrement sur les épaules des directeurs, réunis en association nationale, sans aucune assistance de l'État. Sur le plan « politique » enfin, plusieurs problématiques sont à souligner. Du fait du transfert de la compétence « transports scolaires » des départements aux régions, le montage et la mise en œuvre des décisions de transport des élèves bénéficiaires MDPH est encore plus complexe qu'elle ne l'était précédemment, les départements ayant gardé cette seule compétence en matière de transports. En outre, le vieillissement de la population rend encore plus discriminatoires les critères de prise en charge par la MDPH puisque l'âge limite de 60 ans fait basculer des bénéficiaires potentiels d'un régime MDHP plus adapté à leur situation à un régime APA qui n'a rien à voir. Un tel effet de bascule doit interroger le Gouvernement et le législateur. Il lui demande ce que compte faire le Gouvernement de manière concrète afin de résoudre ces nombreuses difficultés qui nuisent au bon fonctionnement de ces structures.
France · National Assembly
Mme Frédérique Lardet attire l'attention de M. le secrétaire d'État, auprès du ministre de l'Europe et des affaires étrangères, sur le développement du tourisme des seniors. Avec près 89 millions de touristes étrangers accueillis en 2017, la France reste la première destination touristique au monde et a pour objectif d'en accueillir 100 millions à l'horizon 2020. L'attractivité touristique, enjeu majeur, commence par une analyse fine des attentes et des besoins des différentes catégories de touristes. Parmi ceux-ci les seniors sont un public important à considérer, tant du point de vue de leur nombre que de leurs moyens. Aussi, en janvier 2017, dans un rapport intitulé : « 17 mesures pour dynamiser le tourisme des seniors » et remis au Gouvernement, M. Christophe Bouillon, député de Seine-Maritime, identifiait les leviers à actionner pour dynamiser le tourisme de cette clientèle et leur proposer des prestations adaptées. Parmi eux cinq propositions phares ont fait l'objet d'une attention particulière des ministères concernés: premièrement, inciter l'ensemble des professionnels du tourisme à intégrer la question du développement du tourisme des seniors, dans les schémas directeurs et stratégies locales, régionales et nationales ; deuxièmement, création par la SNCF d'un « Silver Pass » dédié aux touristes seniors internationaux qui leur donnerait la possibilité d'avoir des tarifs concurrentiels très avantageux durant les mois constituant l'arrière-saison ; troisièmement, la création d'un dispositif « IMSERSO » à la française. Lancé en 1985, le programme IMSERSO créé par le ministère des affaires sociales espagnol a pour but à la fois d'améliorer le taux de départ en vacances des personnes âgées, et à la fois de maintenir les emplois dans les secteurs touristiques en période hors saison. Chaque année, ce sont de plus 600 000 personnes qui peuvent voyager grâce au Programme de vacances pour les personnes âgées et pour le maintien de l'emploi dans les zones touristiques de l'IMERSO. Ainsi, en complémentarité avec le programme social de l'ANCV, la France pourrait se doter d'un programme à vocation purement économique, en partenariat avec les acteurs du secteur privé ; quatrièmement, encourager la création d'applications dédiées aux grands seniors via par exemple un évènement dédié au Welcome city lab (sous la forme d'un meet up ) durant lequel des entreprises du numérique, travaillant sur ce créneau, formeraient de manière gratuite, les webmasters des grands structures du tourisme sur ce sujet ; cinquièmement, intégrer dans les formations touristiques des modules dédiés au segment des clientèles seniors. Elle lui demande un point à date des avancées réalisées dans ces cinq domaines.
France · National Assembly
M. Maurice Leroy attire l'attention de M. le ministre de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation sur la difficulté grandissante pour les agriculteurs de percevoir les aides auxquelles ils sont éligibles. En effet, nombre d'intéressés dénoncent la complexité et la complexification des procédures. Les surfaces non agricoles doivent désormais être déclarées ainsi que les pratiques culturales afin de récompenser les agriculteurs respectueux de l'environnement. Si l'intention est bonne, la pratique se relève compliquée puisque pas moins de dix annexes recensent les conditions à satisfaire pour bénéficier de ces avantages. Dans un contexte où la mutualité sociale agricole (MSA) a indiqué dernièrement qu'en 2016 le seuil de 50 % d'agriculteurs gagnant moins de 350 euros par mois pourrait avoir été franchi, il paraît urgent d'aider les agriculteurs français, d'autant plus quand on sait que l'enveloppe de la politique agricole commune (PAC) à destination de l'agriculture française représente 9,5 milliards d'euros. Aussi souhaite-t-il savoir si la simplification des procédures d'obtention des aides agricoles constitue une priorité du Gouvernement et à quelle échéance les agriculteurs peuvent espérer des avancées significatives.
France · National Assembly
M. Éric Bothorel attire l'attention de M. le secrétaire d'État, auprès du Premier ministre, chargé du numérique, sur le recours aux services d'informatique dans le nuage ( cloud ) par les collectivités locales. Le cadre juridique applicable aux archives publiques, défini notamment aux articles L. 211-4 et L. 111-1 et suivants du code du patrimoine, a pu être interprété de manière extensive, en voulant imposer un stockage sur le territoire national des données de documents électroniques pouvant constituer des archives, par assimilation au statut existant pour les trésors nationaux ne pouvant quitter le territoire sans une autorisation particulière. Une telle situation, qui est au détriment du nombre d'offres, de leur compétitivité et de leur adéquation avec les besoins des collectivités, freine le recours à des solutions de stockage reposant sur l'informatique en nuage par certaines collectivités locales ainsi que certaines institutions produisant des archives publiques. Pourtant, ces technologies sont devenues fondamentales tant pour la gestion des archives, les services aux citoyens et la nécessité d'accompagner l'État dans la transformation numérique et ce alors que l'objectif est par exemple de numériser 100 % des démarches administratives d'ici 2022. Dans ce contexte, et alors que le règlement sur la libre circulation des données en cours d'adoption au niveau européen rendra impossible les mesures de localisation forcée des données sauf pour des motifs liés à la sécurité publique, il lui demande de bien vouloir lui préciser quelles mesures il compte prendre afin de garantir l'adéquation du cadre avec ces nouveaux enjeux de numérisation des données publiques, et de sécuriser le recours à ces solutions technologiques par les collectivités locales et les institutions produisant des archives.