From the start of the Syrian conflict, the government informed the French public, and in particular businesses: - of the closure of our embassy and our consular representation in a context of repression initiated by the Syrian regime and armed conflict subsequently extended to the entire territory of Syria; - the need to repatriate all French nationals given the security risk involved; - sanctions adopted by the European Union, which it is up to each company to respect. The Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs does not have, beyond the information it communicates to companies, the authority to order a company to pursue or not its activities in connection with a particular country, provided that these activities are not contrary to the law. As such, the choice made by the Lafarge company to maintain its activity on Syrian territory is its sole responsibility. The Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs recalls that it was at the initiative of the French authorities, in the interests of transparency and respect for the presumption of innocence, that the Public Prosecutor was contacted in September 2016 so that a judicial investigation could be carried out into the possible violation of sanctions against the terrorist organizations Daesh and al-Qaeda. The French authorities are actively cooperating with the justice system as part of this investigation in order to shed light on the alleged facts. The elements are covered by the secrecy of the instruction, and it is important to ensure compliance. France's position vis-à-vis Daesh in Syria is unambiguous: it has constantly reaffirmed its determination to fight against this terrorist group and reiterated the need for strict compliance with United Nations Security Council resolutions and international conventions and standards prohibiting any form of support for terrorism. French forces played their full role in the campaign against the territorial establishment of Daesh in Iraq and Syria and we remain vigilant in the face of attempts at a resurgence of this organization, as well as in the face of the presence of Al-Qaeda in the Syrian province of Idlib. In addition, France has made the fight against the financing of terrorism one of its priorities for its presidency of the G7. As such, she was recently at the initiative of the international conference against the financing of terrorism “No Money for Terror” which was held on April 25 and 26, 2018 in Paris. This initiative enabled the adoption by the 70 participating States and 20 international organizations of strong measures, particularly directed against the financing of Daesh. It will be extended by a similar meeting organized by Australia in November 2019.
Mme Valérie Boyer attire l'attention de Mme la ministre des armées sur les attentes des familles de civils européens enlevés par le FLN au cours de la guerre d'Algérie entre le 1er novembre 1954, avec une accélération des disparitions après le 19 mars 1962 et jusqu'en 1963. À l'époque des faits et toujours pour la même période le secrétaire d'État aux affaires algériennes, M. Jean de Broglie faisait état, se basant sur des données de l'ambassade de France à Alger, de 3 019 personnes enlevées dont 1 700 environ disparues avec de fortes présomptions de décès. Au même moment, le Comité international de la croix Rouge (CICR) a enquêté entre mars et septembre 1963 sur 1 200 disparitions et conclut à 70 % de décès, 20 % de présomption de décès, 10 % de retrouvés. Son rapport transmis le 24 octobre 1963 au secrétaire d'État aux affaires algériennes, énonce qu'il n'a pu accéder à 20 camps de détention de l'ALN. La diffusion du rapport du CICR n'a été autorisée qu'en juin 2003 sur décision du Premier ministre de l'époque. Elle a ouvert un dossier trop longtemps occulté. La loi n° 2005-158 du 23 février 2005 portant reconnaissance de la Nation et contribution nationale en faveur des Français rapatriés reconnaît dans son article 1er les souffrances endurées par les disparus et leurs familles. Sous cette impulsion, la direction des archives du ministère des affaires étrangères publia une liste des dossiers des disparitions, issue des archives diplomatiques, afin d'aider les familles des intéressés. Cette initiative contribua aux travaux de la commission « disparus » mise en place en mai 2009 par la mission interministérielle aux rapatriés (MIR), service du Premier ministre, chargée de la mise en œuvre des politiques matérielles et mémorielles en direction des rapatriés. La commission établit une liste de 1 709 personnes enlevées portées disparues entre le 1er novembre 1954 et le 31 décembre 1962, c'est-à-dire déclarées décédées par jugement ou présumées décédées. Le nombre de 1 598 de ces personnes figure depuis février 2012 sur les colonnes du mémorial du quai Branly dédié aux victimes de la guerre d'Algérie et des combats du Maroc et de la Tunisie. Cette énumération n'est pas exhaustive et il est souhaitable que la commission achève sa mission afin de finaliser la liste par confrontation des sources. C'est ainsi que le sort de 171 disparus demeure encore incertain. Ensuite, les familles des personnes enlevées ne veulent pas que l'écoulement du temps rende impossible l'exercice du droit de connaître le sort de leurs époux ou descendants, frères ou sœurs, les conditions de leur fin dans l'effrayante solitude qui devait être la leur et le lieu de leurs dépouilles. Une telle démarche requiert l'appui des services consulaires français en Algérie. Elle est éclairée, au-delà de son applicabilité juridique, par l'esprit de la convention internationale pour la protection de toutes les personnes contre les disparitions forcées adoptée par l'ONU le 20 décembre 2006. Dans ce contexte, elle l'interroge sur le point de savoir si elle a l'intention de demander à l'Office national des anciens combattants et victimes de guerre à qui ont été transférées les compétences de la MIR par décret n° 2014-1696 du 29 décembre 2014, de prolonger la mission de la commission « disparus » avec la participation indispensable du ministère des affaires étrangères.
The President of the Republic has committed to an official development assistance (ODA) objective representing 0.55% of GNI in 2022. This commitment was confirmed during the Interministerial Committee for International Cooperation and Development on February 8, 2018, chaired by the Prime Minister, which in addition to this quantitative ambition, sets qualitative objectives to make public development assistance more effective and transparent. and more efficient. It is thus planned to set up an observatory of aid costs and to strengthen the evaluation of development aid projects. These reforms are a continuation of efforts undertaken since 2016 to facilitate access to data on projects and results. In 2016, France joined the international aid transparency initiative (IATI) by creating a single site, hosted by the AFD, which contains all the data on development aid projects in around sixty countries (https://afd.opendatasoft.com/page/accueil). An observatory of development aid policies, set up within the framework of the orientation and programming law relating to development and international solidarity policy of July 7, 2014, met again recently on June 20, under the presidency deputies Monica Michel and Rodrigue Kokouendo, to examine the evaluations of the projects piloted by the competent services of the Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs, the French Development Agency and the Ministry of the Economy and Finance. Most of these evaluations are available on the websites of these institutions. A summary is prepared every two years for Parliament and will be annexed to the next biennial report on the implementation of the development aid strategy, which will be delivered by the end of 2018. This effort at transparency and accountability is necessary to improve ownership of the international cooperation and solidarity policy. According to preliminary data from the OECD Development Assistance Committee, France's official development assistance in 2017 amounted to 10.1 billion euros, or 0.43% of GNI, which places France in a good position to achieve the ODA growth objective. The structure of French public development assistance is complex, since it includes data from different budgetary programs, donations and loans, as well as expenditure made either in the beneficiary countries or on the national territory, in particular the costs of hosting students in France. from countries eligible for development aid as well as reception costs for asylum seekers. Thus, the public development aid budgetary mission, bringing together programs 110 "economic and financial aid for development" implemented by the Directorate General of the Treasury as well as program 209 "solidarity with developing countries" implemented by the Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs, have represented in 2017 payment credits totaling 2.5 billion euros, or less than a quarter of total ODA. The rest of the international solidarity effort is based in particular on aid in the form of loans, contributions countable as ODA from 22 other budgetary programs, France's share of European public development aid, taxes allocated to development and development cooperation. local authorities and water agencies. The details of the method of calculating ODA, in accordance with the methodology approved at international level by the OECD Development Assistance Committee, are specified, program by program, in the cross-cutting policy document "public development assistance" annexed each year to the finance bill. Concerning more specifically the budgetary mission "public aid for development", the sectoral and geographical distribution of the different types of aid as well as the achievement of the quantified objectives are provided at the end of each budgetary year in the annual performance report, also available on the budget website. All efforts are therefore made and all skills mobilized, to strengthen the transparency and effectiveness of public development aid as well as the accountability to parliament and citizens.
France maintains a long history of friendship with the Christian communities of the East, which contributes to the particular French position in the Middle East, and first of all to its privileged link with Lebanon. In the current context, marked by the persecution of Daesh and the general conflagration from which the first to suffer are people belonging to minorities, France has mobilized, more than any other country, in favor of Eastern Christians and other victims of ethnic and religious violence in the Middle East. It acts out of loyalty to historically close populations, often French-speaking, and who turn to France with particular expectations; for consistency with the French global and universalist approach to human rights, including freedom of religion or belief; by conviction that human diversity, religious and ethnic diversity is an essential part of the identity of the Middle East and that it will not be possible to ensure peace, democracy and prosperity in this region if this diversity is destroyed. France has been at the forefront of the international effort to defeat jihadism. It fights and will continue to fight Daesh as part of the international coalition, until the jihadist group is sustainably eradicated from Syria and Iraq. It is engaged to stabilize the territories liberated by the Coalition and its allies. France has been at the forefront of mobilizing the international community in support of people belonging to these minorities. The major international conference it convened in Paris in September 2015 resulted in a concerted action plan by participating countries to help victims of ethnic and religious in the Middle East. Follow-up conferences, in Madrid in 2017 and in Brussels on May 14, made it possible to maintain the mobilization of the international community. During this last conference, particular importance was given to education during the debates. To relaunch this commitment again, France will organize a new follow-up conference in 2019. France has provided direct and concrete assistance, enabling victims of ethnic and religious violence in the Middle East to recover from their ordeals. In particular, in 2015, it created a Support Fund for victims of ethnic and religious violence in the Middle East. Through it, France has already committed 15 million euros, on nearly 60 concrete projects, which help the communities concerned, in Iraq, Lebanon, Jordan and Turkey. In 2017, she renewed this funds by adding 10 million euros. A priority of French action is support for refugees and displaced people, who are particularly vulnerable. The protection of their culture is one of the keys to maintaining minorities in a Middle East rich in its age-old diversity. As such, France is particularly committed to the protection and rehabilitation of the cultural and religious heritage of Eastern Christians and other minorities. At the international level, she notably did so on the occasion of the Abu Dhabi conference on heritage in danger, which she co-organized with the United Arab Emirates in December 2016. The President of the Republic has also recalled on numerous occasions the importance of the French-speaking world, particularly in the Middle East. Christian schools and in particular Catholic schools, in Lebanon and in several other countries of the Near and Middle Middle East have for several centuries made an essential contribution to the dissemination of the French language, and its values, for all of their students, whatever their faith. France's commitment to them is not intended to weaken, particularly in Lebanon which is the crucible of the Francophonie and Francophilia in the region. It is in this spirit that on the occasion of the official visit to France of the Patriarch Maronite (last May 28-30), the President of the Republic took the decision to renew a commitment that France had made in 1891 vis-à-vis the Maronite clergy allowing them to access study scholarships. The lasting maintenance of Christians and other minorities in the East requires that lasting political solutions that involve them be found. This is the meaning of France's action in support of a political solution negotiated in Syria, without which the Syrian regime will continue its work of predation and confessional polarization, with the consequence of continuing the regional conflagration. It is this negotiated political solution that will open the way to international financing for the reconstruction of Syria. Finally, the legislative elections in Iraq must mark an essential step towards the strengthening of democracy, the constitution of a inclusive government and the establishment of true national reconciliation. France is convinced that human, religious and ethnic diversity must remain an essential part of the Iraqi identity without which it will not be possible to ensure peace, democracy and prosperity.
Mme Valérie Boyer alerte Mme la ministre de la culture sur le projet de réforme de la loi Bichet. Elle émet des doutes sur certains points. Elle estime que laisser les distributeurs choisir quel journal ou quel magazine distribuer ou non pourrait porter atteinte à la liberté et à la pluralité de la presse. Cela pourrait notamment porter préjudice aux petits éditeurs qui ne seraient pas mis en avant, puisque les petits buralistes de quartier ou de communes rurales ont bien souvent des budgets très serrés, ce qui pourrait les tenter de réduire leur offre pour réduire leurs dépenses. Cela aurait pour conséquence d'aggraver encore et toujours la disparité territoriale et l'inégalité d'accès à la culture. Cette situation peut également emmener à des confrontations entre groupes de presses et organisations de distribution, ce qui n'est a priori pas souhaitable, d'abord pour la paix sociale, mais aussi et surtout pour la liberté de la presse. Elle remercie le Gouvernement de prendre en considération ses interrogations sur ce projet de réforme.
Mme Valérie Boyer attire l'attention de M. le ministre de l'Europe et des affaires étrangères sur l'élaboration des statistiques relatives aux ressortissants français mariés à l'étranger. Selon certaines sources, 48 301 mariages ont été transcrits en droit français par le ministère entre 2009 et 2011. Sur la même période, 46 661 ont été dressés par les autorités diplomatiques françaises et 50 876 par nos autorités consulaires. Dans un premier temps, elle souhaiterait une actualisation des données citées ci-dessus. Elle souhaiterait par ailleurs que les nouvelles données lui soient transmises et classées par origine du poste diplomatique ou consulaire, ou, s'agissant du Maroc, de l'Algérie et de la Tunisie, au titre du bureau des transmissions du Maghreb. Dans un second temps, elle souhaite attirer l'attention sur ces données pour les pays du Maghreb. En effet, les chiffres s'élèvent, respectivement par rapport aux chiffres énoncés ci-dessus et toujours selon les mêmes sources à : 20,3 %, 24,8 % et 42,5 % de la totalité des mariages effectués à l'étranger, le tout pour une zone géographique comptant selon le ministère des affaires étrangères environ 111 000 ressortissants français en 2015 pour 1 700 000 expatriés français dans le monde (soit 6,5 % des expatriés français). À ce titre, une telle différence entre la proportion d'expatriés et la proportion des demandes de mariages lui paraît disproportionnée et mérite un éclaircissement de la part du Gouvernement. Dans un troisième et dernier temps, au regard des chiffres de l'INSEE sur le nombre total de mariages (232 000 en 2016), elle s'interroge sur la raison pour laquelle ces données n'englobent que le territoire de la métropole et les DOM-TOM et non les mariages célébrés à l'étranger par les ressortissants français. Elle remercie le Gouvernement de prendre en considération sa demande et de la renseigner sur ces différents sujets.
The prices and allocations of health establishments for the year 2018 are part of the social security financing law for 2018 which provides for an increase in health insurance expenditure for health establishments of 2%, or 1.5 billion euros in additional resources for health establishments, which brings the total hospital expenditure to 80.7 billion euros. In this context, which remains nevertheless constrained, special efforts have been made to limit the drop in hospital rates, which changed in 2018 by -0.5% for all categories of establishment, before taking into account the impact of tax and social measures (Responsibility Pact, Employment Competitiveness Tax Credit and Wage Tax Credit), i.e. a significantly more favorable rate than in 2017 (-0.9%) and 2016 (-1%). There Minister of Solidarity and Health also ensured that the distribution of these resources was as balanced as possible between the different players in hospitalization. Nevertheless, aware of the real constraint weighing on health establishments, whatever their status, the minister wanted to initiate a real transformation of the entire health system because the reforms to be undertaken can only be implemented in a global approach. To bring out the solutions proposed by stakeholders in the field, consultations were organized in five major structuring projects, including a project exclusively devoted to the reform of the financing of health establishments. The main directions of the transformation strategy of our health system resulting from these consultations must be implemented under the best conditions and in a tight schedule. The challenges for our health system are major, in order to face today's challenges and prepare the health system of tomorrow, always placing the patient at the center of future developments.
The 2009 directive on the internal electricity market sets ambitious objectives for the deployment of smart meters, aiming to equip 80% of households with such devices by 2020. Following an experimental phase involving the deployment of 300,000 meters in the Tours and Lyon regions, the Energy Regulatory Commission (CRE) carried out a favorable evaluation of the system in 2011. The powers Public authorities have therefore decided to generalize the deployment of smart meters across the entire national territory with the deployment of 36 million meters planned between 2016 and 2021. More than 11 million meters were installed by mid-2018, or around a third of the program and around 30,000 meters are installed every day. Linky must play a central role in controlling energy demand. Several Studies have shown in particular that with support and precise knowledge of consumption, it is possible to reduce electricity consumption by up to 8%. The Minister of State, Minister for the Ecological and Inclusive Transition, recently called on all stakeholders to mobilize particularly on this aspect, through better communication and better information, particularly when installing meters. ENEDIS must in particular propose a standard explanatory document on energy management to be submitted at the time of installation of the meter. New methods of access to consumption data must be developed (internet, mobile phone applications, etc.) in order to allow easier access to data for consumers who wish it. Concerning the financing, which was criticized by a report from the Court of Auditors, the Minister hoped that work would be initiated with the CRE and ENEDIS to consider the possibilities for changing the operator's remuneration arrangements, in particular those linked to the cash advance granted by ENEDIS with regard to changes in interest rates. It is the responsibility of the public authorities to remunerate ENEDIS at the right level for this large-scale industrial deployment, while guaranteeing the interests of the consumer.
Mme Valérie Boyer attire l'attention de Mme la ministre des armées sur la décision n° 2017-690 QPC du 8 février 2018 par laquelle le Conseil Constitutionnel a jugé applicable aux étrangers l'article 3 de la loi n° 63-778 du 31 juillet 1963 instaurant un régime d'indemnisation pour les victimes civiles de dommages physiques subis au cours de la guerre d'Algérie, du fait d'attentats ou de tout autre acte de violence. La juridiction constitutionnelle a souligné qu'il s'agissait de l'indemnisation de « dommages qui se sont produits sur un territoire français à l'époque » (paragraphe 5 de la décision). Dès lors a poursuivi cette juridiction, le législateur ne pouvait, sans méconnaître le principe d'égalité, établir, au regard de l'objet de la loi, une différence entre les victimes selon leur nationalité. Cette décision s'impose aux pouvoirs publics et à toutes les autorités administratives et juridictionnelles. Certains commentateurs ont déduit de la même décision que les personnes susceptibles de solliciter la pension de victime civile de la guerre d'Algérie peuvent avoir souffert aussi bien de l'armée française que du FLN ou de l'OAS. Or il ressort des termes de la loi et de ses travaux préparatoires que l'objet de ce texte est d'indemniser les personnes ou leurs ayants-cause qui ont eu à souffrir de violences terroristes commises par des groupes insurgés et non par des agents des autorités légales du moment dans le cadre de leur mission constitutionnelle du maintien de l'ordre public dans des départements français. Elle lui demande de préciser l'opinion du Gouvernement sur cette question et de démentir l'intention qui lui est prêtée d'élargir le champ de la loi à des dommages dont l'origine ne serait pas conforme à la lettre et l'esprit du texte initial.
The drop in the level of credits allocated to returnees that occurred between 2009 and 2018 does not reflect a disengagement of the State towards the populations concerned, but very largely results from the resolution of situations for which the measures put in place were intended to provide a solution and, more generally, from the reduction in the number of beneficiaries of the measures implemented. Regarding the evolution of expenditure items linked to the clearance of the files submitted, it can thus be observed that the reimbursements of supplementary pension contributions to French people previously settled in Algeria, provided for by law no. 85-1274 of December 4, 1985 on improving the pensions of repatriates, represented an expenditure of €8.8 million in 2009 and €0.6 million in 2017. The expenditure relating to measures to safeguard the family roof, provided for by Law No. 87-549 of July 16, 1987 relating to the settlement of compensation for repatriates, aimed at absorbing the debt of French people resettled in France and exercising self-employed professions, increased from an amount of €8 million in 2009 to €0.17 million in 2017. Likewise, certain aid intended for auxiliary workers and their relatives (housing assistance, specific allowance for the surviving spouse, school scholarships, measures in favor of employment, assistance economic and social character) today represent a smaller budgetary volume than in the past due to the aging of the population concerned (school scholarships), the foreclosure of certain measures (December 31, 2009 for housing assistance) or the application of court decisions (suspension, from December 30, 2015, of professional training aid for breach of the principle of equality). These various aid schemes for auxiliary workers, which were financed to the tune of €4.4 million in 2009, have been the subject, since 2015, of an allocation of €2.2 million including the implementation of the two schemes mentioned above providing for the reimbursement of supplementary pension contributions and the safeguarding of the family roof. This budget makes it possible to satisfy all the requests made by the people concerned by the application of the entirety of these devices. In this context, most of the aid granted to substitutes and their surviving spouses is currently based on the implementation of the system allowing the allocation of a recognition allowance provided for by Law No. 2005-158 of February 23, 2005 as amended. With regard to this advantage, the reduction in the expense observed is a direct result of the terms of payment of the service in question. From its creation, the beneficiaries of the recognition allowance were in fact able to choose, for its payment in one go in the form of a capital, for the payment of a monthly amount or for a formula combining these two payment methods. Numerous requests for payment of capital were thus submitted during the first years, requiring the mobilization of significant budgetary resources. For example, in 2007, out of a total of 8,112 beneficiaries, 1,468 of them benefited from the one-off payment of capital, the amount of which was set at 30,000 euros. Comparatively, in 2013, only 114 people benefited from a one-off payment of capital. Mechanically, the number of new entrants into the system being less and less high, the payment of annuities prevailed over that of capital, which coincided with a reduction in the budgetary cost of the service. In this regard, the total expenditure linked to the allocation of the recognition allowance reached €13.5 million in 2017. In the same way, the children of substitutes recognized as wards of the Nation, whose parents' death had occurred before the creation of the recognition allowance system, and who were allocated a capital of 20,000 euros, gradually represented a share less in less significant expenditure associated with the recognition allowance (46% in 2008 compared to 12% in 2010). Although access to the recognition allowance system was foreclosed in 2014, the State nevertheless continued to pay the greatest attention to the beneficiaries of this benefit. In addition to the annual updating of its amount according to changes in household consumer prices (excluding tobacco), the allocation of recognition has thus been revalued on several occasions by legislation, notably in 2018. The finance law for 2016 also established a lifetime allowance intended for surviving spouses and ex-spouses of members of supplementary formations who had not submitted a request before the recognition allowance was foreclosed. This system benefits 729 people as of April 30, 2018. The allowance provided amounts, as of January 1, 2018, to 3,663 euros per year, i.e. an amount equivalent to that of the recognition allowance, these two allowances being revalued under the same conditions. In total, as of April 30, 2018, 5,849 people benefited from life annuities, under the recognition allowance or the life allowance, which resulted in an increase from €17.27 million in 2017 to €17.57 million in 2018 in the credits recorded in the law of initial finances under “Actions in favor of returnees”.
Mme Valérie Boyer attire l'attention de M. le ministre de l'Europe et des affaires étrangères sur l'attitude ambigüe de l'État du Qatar vis-à-vis du terrorisme et de son financement. En effet, ce riche pays pétrolier, depuis sa montée en puissance dans les années 1990, n'a cessé de prendre des décisions controversées par rapport au terrorisme. Ayant soutenu financièrement le mouvement des Printemps arabes, ce riche émirat gazier (qui est le quatrième producteur de gaz naturel au monde après les États-Unis, la Russie et l'Iran, et premier exportateur de gaz naturel liquéfié) accueille toujours avec complaisance les dirigeants des Frères musulmans. Pourtant cette confrérie a été classée comme « terroriste » dans des pays tels que les Émirats arabes unis ou l'Arabie Saoudite qui a déclaré ouvertement la guerre aux Frères musulmans en 2014. De plus le Qatar a soutenu avec force Mohamed Morsi, ancien président égyptien appartenant à la confrérie, et a qualifié de « coup d'État » son éviction en 2013 par le général Al-Sissi. Il est à noter que Khaled Mechaal, ancien dirigeant du Hamas palestinien, est basé au Qatar, tout comme certains talibans afghans et d'anciens diplomates de Saddam Hussein. « Notre politique, c'est d'être ami avec tout le monde », disait l'émir Al-Thani du Qatar en 2010. Ainsi sous couvert de rechercher la paix, l'émirat peut être accusé de laxisme. Ce laxisme concerne également le domaine financier. Le Qatar est soupçonné de fermer les yeux et même d'encourager le financement d'organisations islamiques par des fonds privés. Dans une note diplomatique américaine, datant de 2009, il est précisé que le Qatar mène une politique « largement passive » et que ses services de sécurité « ont été hésitants à agir contre des terroristes connus ». Par exemple, Abd al-Rahman bin Umayr al-Nuaymi est désigné en 2003 par le Trésor américain comme un « terroriste financier basé au Qatar qui a fourni de l'argent, du matériel et des moyens de communication à Al-Qaïda et les groupes qui y sont rattachés en Syrie, en Irak, en Somalie et au Yémen pendant une décennie ». Il n'est certes pas lié au gouvernement mais n'avait jamais été inquiété. Plus récemment, en 2016, un haut responsable du Trésor américain a soulevé l'attitude contrastée du Qatar dans la lutte contre le financement du terrorisme, affirmant que l'émirat « manque encore de la volonté politique nécessaire et de la capacité à appliquer ses lois contre le financement d'organisations terroristes ». De ce fait, face à ces agissements, plusieurs pays parmi lesquels les Émirats arabes unis, le Bahreïn ou encore l'Égypte ont pris des sanctions économiques à l'encontre du Qatar, fermetures de frontières, interdictions d'emprunter leurs espaces aériens. L'Égypte a notamment mis fin à ses relations diplomatiques avec le riche émirat en juin 2017. Cela conduit à une situation de blocus à l'égard du Qatar, mais ce dernier semble pouvoir aisément le contourner, en exportant à d'autres pays son gaz par exemple. Ainsi le Qatar ne semble pas vouloir céder aux pressions, et s'appuie sur de nouveaux alliés tels que la Turquie et l'Iran, mais également sur ses bonnes relations diplomatiques, fondées surtout sur l'aspect économique, avec des puissances occidentales, dont la France et les États-Unis. Cela lui permet ainsi de sortir de son isolement. La France dont les « liens économiques avec le Qatar sont solides » (selon le site du ministère des affaires étrangères), semble en situation de dépendance économique avec cet État gazier. En effet, en décembre 2017, le président français a signé pour plus de 11 milliards d'euros de contrats. Si c'est une bonne nouvelle pour l'industrie française, on peut cependant remettre en cause cette alliance. En effet, elle va à l'encontre du blocus mis en place contre le Qatar, de plus ces accords concernent la vente de douze avions de combat Rafale et de plusieurs centaines de blindés. Cela peut sembler étonnant lorsqu'on connaît l'attitude et le financement du terrorisme par le Qatar. En 2011, Doha livre carrément des armes aux milices armées libyennes. « Le Qatar a envoyé des missiles français Milan aux rebelles à Benghazi », indique le ministre des affaires étrangères en avril. Elle lui demande si la France, victime d'actes terroristes répétés, peut accepter de collaborer étroitement avec ce pays qui se rend complice du terrorisme par sa passivité.
Mme Valérie Boyer alerte M. le ministre de l'éducation nationale sur la suppression des contrats aidés dans l'éducation nationale. Le Gouvernement a annoncé la fin du recrutement en contrat aidé (CUI-CAE) dans le cadre du plan d'économie de 4,5 milliards d'euros dans la fonction publique. L'éducation nationale dénombre 23 157 suppressions de postes de CUI. À juste titre, de nombreux parents d'élèves des écoles maternelles et primaires ont fait part de leurs inquiétudes face à ce plan social massif. Depuis la rentrée 2017, cette diminution des contrats aidés dans l'éducation nationale entraîne de nombreux dysfonctionnements dans les écoles. En effet, bon nombre d'agents contractuels n'ont pas été renouvelés alors qu'ils réalisaient des missions administratives, d'entretien, d'accueil, d'animation qui sont de moins en moins assumées par les établissements. Ce plan d'économies met en péril la communauté éducative tout entière. Il appartiendra désormais aux directeurs d'établissements scolaires d'assurer ces missions, ce qui pourrait entraîner une détérioration de leurs conditions de travail mais aussi des conditions d'enseignement pour leurs élèves. Elle lui demande quelles mesures il entend prendre pour faire face à cette situation et assurer aux élèves un enseignement de qualité.
Mme Valérie Boyer attire l'attention de Mme la secrétaire d'État, auprès du Premier ministre, chargée des personnes handicapées, sur la différence de traitement financier et fiscal qui existe entre les personnes handicapées n'ayant jamais cotisé percevant l'allocation aux adultes handicapés (AAH) de la caisse d'allocations familiales et celles ayant cotisé percevant une pension d'invalidité de la sécurité sociale. À handicap équivalent, le traitement financier et fiscal de la personne qui perçoit l'AAH est plus avantageux puisque la pension d'invalidité est récupérable sur succession alors que l'AAH ne l'est pas. Par ailleurs, les personnes percevant l'AAH ont droit à l'allocation autonomie alors que celles percevant une pension d'invalidité n'y ont pas droit. Ces dernières peuvent toutefois bénéficier d'une allocation supplémentaire, le fonds spécial invalidité (FSI) mais qui implique des contrôles réguliers de la valeur de leur patrimoine et parfois même l'hypothèque de leur bien rendant toute succession délicate. Cette différence de traitement conduit certaines personnes handicapées à se retrouver dans une situation financière et fiscale moins avantageuse après avoir essayé de travailler qu'avant. Elle décourage également certaines personnes handicapées d'essayer de travailler. C'est la raison pour laquelle elle souhaiterait connaître son avis sur cette situation et les mesures qui pourraient être envisagées pour rétablir une égalité de traitement entre les personnes atteintes d'un même handicap.
Mme Valérie Boyer attire l'attention de Mme la ministre de la cohésion des territoires et des relations avec les collectivités territoriales sur sur la représentation de l'opposition municipale au sein des commissions d'appel d'offres des communes. L'article L. 2121-22 du code général des collectivités territoriales dispose que « dans les communes de plus de 1 000 habitants, la composition des différentes commissions, y compris les commissions d'appel d'offres doit respecter le principe de la représentation proportionnelle pour permettre l'expression pluraliste des élus au sein de l'assemblée communale. » Le II de l'article L. 1411-5 du même code dispose que la commission d'appel d'offres est composée, lorsqu'il s'agit d'une région, de la collectivité territoriale de Corse, d'un département, d'une commune de 3 500 habitants et plus et d'un établissement public, par l'autorité habilitée, président, et par cinq membres de l'assemblée délibérante élus en son sein à la représentation proportionnelle au plus fort reste. Or ces règles de calcul ne permettent pas toujours la représentation de l'opposition municipale au sein de la commission d'appel d'offres. Par exemple, dans une commune comprise entre 5 000 et 10 000 habitants où deux listes ont postulé aux élections municipales, l'une obtenant 81 % et l'autre 19 % des suffrages exprimés, la majorité compte 28 conseillers municipaux tandis que l'opposition n'en compte que 2. Dès lors, avec la méthode de calcul en vigueur, cette dernière n'est pas représentée à la commission d'appel d'offres. Dans ce cas, la majorité détient la présidence et les 5 sièges à pourvoir. Cette situation, assez fréquente, pose un problème démocratique évident. L'opposition n'est pas présente dans une instance importante de la vie de la commune, chargée notamment d'examiner les candidatures et d'attribuer les marchés. D'ailleurs, bien souvent, la majorité municipale elle-même aurait souhaité qu'elle le soit, dans un souci légitime de transparence. Elle demande au Gouvernement s'il envisage de modifier les règles de composition des commissions d'appel d'offres pour garantir la représentation de l'opposition en toutes circonstances ; elle souligne que le projet de loi dit 3D pour « décentralisation, différenciation, déconcentration » pourrait en être l'occasion.
Mme Valérie Boyer attire l'attention de M. le ministre des solidarités et de la santé sur la revalorisation de la profession d'ambulancier privé. Les ambulanciers privés sont eux aussi spécialisés dans le transport de patients ainsi que dans les soins et l'urgence pré-hospitalière à domicile. Ils travaillent en lien étroit avec le SAMU centre 15 pour assurer des missions d'urgence très variées. Ils constituent le premier maillon essentiel de la chaîne de soins. Ils sont de fait exposés quotidiennement aux malades. La récente crise épidémique du coronavirus les a conduits à intensifier leurs interventions. Cependant, les ambulanciers privés ont eux aussi été mis à l'écart alors qu'ils se sont pleinement engagés dans la lutte contre le covid-19. Aucune revalorisation, que ce soit en termes de statut ou de salaire, n'est à ce jour prévue. Ils ne sont notamment pas éligibles à la prime aux soignants mise en place par le Gouvernement. En effet, ils ne sont pas considérés comme personnels soignants. Ils sont d'ailleurs rattachés au ministère des transports et non au ministère des solidarités et de la santé alors que leur diplôme d'État (DEA) est décerné par ce même ministère. Ce manque de compensation au vue de l'investissement fourni et des risques encourus est d'autant plus intolérable qu'ils ont également été en première ligne dans la crise que la France vient de traverser. Ils ont été chargés du transport des malades sans pouvoir bénéficier pour autant du matériel de protection nécessaire, à commencer par les masques que les agences régionales de santé (ARS) leur distribuaient au compte-gouttes. Au contact direct des malades, ils n'ont pas non plus bénéficié de tests de dépistage, les conduisant non seulement à s'exposer eux-mêmes au virus mais à exposer également leurs familles, leurs proches et les patients qu'ils transportaient. Ainsi, la crise du coronavirus a révélé et amplifié le manque de considération et de reconnaissance dont souffrent les ambulanciers privés. C'est la raison pour laquelle elle voudrait savoir si le ministère envisage une revalorisation du métier d'ambulanciers privés en prévoyant de leur accorder une prime, comme c'est le cas pour l'ensemble du personnel soignant, ainsi qu'une meilleure reconnaissance de leur profession.
Mme Valérie Boyer attire l'attention de Mme la garde des sceaux, ministre de la justice, sur le nombre exact d'agressions sexuelles commises par des chauffeurs Uber en France. En effet, depuis 2019, des centaines de témoignages édifiants d'agressions sexuelles circulent sur les réseaux sociaux à travers le hashtag #UberCestOver. Ce hashtag est apparu en novembre 2019 sous l'impulsion d'Anna Toumazoff, diplômée de Sciences Po, lanceuse d'alerte et militante féministe, après qu'elle ait été contactée par une victime strasbourgeoise de la plateforme de VTC Uber France. C'est également le cas d'Anaïs de Matos, première jeune femme à avoir témoigné à visage découvert dans les médias suite à son viol en 2016 par le frère de son chauffeur Uber, à qui il empruntait le compte et qui possédait déjà un casier judiciaire. Si son agresseur a été condamné à 8 ans de prison ferme pour viol en première instance puis en appel, elle n'a malheureusement jamais reçu de réponses de la part d'Uber France malgré toutes ses sollicitations. Uber France n'a toujours pas publié de données précises sur ces agressions sexuelles ni répondu clairement aux accusations. De plus, malgré les nombreux signalements, les comptes de ces chauffeurs restent souvent actifs. En effet, la plateforme de VTC n'a pas toujours pas mis en place des moyens de protection pour les usagères et usagers ou des moyens de vérification des identités de leurs chauffeurs. Les États-Unis, berceau de l'entreprise, se sont quant à eux pliés à cet exercice de comptabilisation des agressions sexuelles. Le rapport de sécurité de 2019 recensait pas moins de « 5 891 agressions sexuelles signalées » dans le cadre de trajets commandés en 2017 et 2018. Pour l'année 2018, le rapport fait état de 19 meurtres, 235 viols, 280 tentatives de viol et 1 560 attouchements sexuels. Concernant les viols, 92 % des victimes étaient des usagers et 89 % étaient des femmes. C'est pourquoi elle aimerait savoir combien de femmes ont été agressées sexuellement par leur chauffeur Uber en France et quelles sont les mesures prises à l'encontre de ces chauffeurs. Cette difficulté de comptabilisation des agressions sexuelles provient du fait qu'il existerait de nombreux chauffeurs fraudeurs en France. C'est notamment ce qu'a rapporté Karim Aissaoui, représentant de la CFDT-VTC. Le syndicat estime le nombre de chauffeurs fraudeurs à 15 000 sur les 62 556 possesseurs de cartes sur l'ensemble du territoire, sans davantage de précisions concernant les comptes Uber. C'est pourquoi elle voudrait également connaître le nombre total de chauffeurs fraudeurs en France, et en particulier au sein de l'entreprise Uber.
Mme Valérie Boyer attire l'attention de M. le ministre des solidarités et de la santé sur le versement de la prime annoncée pour les salariés des établissements de santé privés. Tous les établissements de santé - privés, publics, ou privés associatifs - de la région PACA ont été mobilisés et solidaires face à l'épidémie du covid-19. En France, la structure du système hospitalier repose sur deux secteurs : l'un de statut public et l'autre de statut privé (associatif ou commercial). Malgré ces différences de statut, ces secteurs se rejoignent dans l'étendue de leurs missions, dans les normes de sécurité et de qualité suivies, dans l'étendue des activités et des modes de prise en charge exercés mais aussi dans la formation initiale des professionnels de santé. La région PACA compte au total 279 établissements de santé dont 157 cliniques et hôpitaux privés (56 %). Cela représente environ 16 300 salariés avec des emplois répartis sur tout le territoire et 6 500 médecins libéraux et salariés, soit 43 % de l'effectif régional (source rapport sectoriel 2013). Les hôpitaux privés représentent une part importante des établissements de soin, que ce soit dans la région PACA mais aussi en France. De plus, l'hospitalisation privée assure une part significative de missions de service public (permanence des soins en établissement de santé, services d'urgences, sécurité sanitaire, soins palliatifs, actions de santé publique, éducation et prévention...). Tous les établissements privés (associatifs ou commerciaux) de la région Sud se sont engagés et ont permis d'éviter l'asphyxie du dispositif capacitaire initial devenu insuffisant compte tenu de la crise. Ils se sont remarquablement coordonnés avec les hôpitaux publics dans l'intérêt des patients, sous l'égide de l'Agence régionale de santé (ARS) PACA. Tous ensemble, ils ont assuré la continuité de prise en charge des patients et la lutte contre l'épidémie du covid-19. Un grand effort de réorganisation a été consenti dans des délais très courts grâce à la mobilisation sans faille des équipes. Les établissements de santé privés de médecine, de chirurgie et d'obstétrique (MCO), de soins de suite et de réadaptation (SSR), de psychiatrie et d'hospitalisation à domicile (HAD) se sont adaptés afin de concentrer leurs activités sur la lutte contre le covid-19 (déprogrammation de leurs activités, suivi à distance de leurs patients...). Ils ont ouvert des services pour les patients atteints du covid-19 et les ont pris en charge afin de soulager les hôpitaux publics. Grâce à leurs efforts, les capacités de réanimation des établissements de santé privés de la région sont passées de 10 à 17 établissements autorisés et de 100 places de réanimation à plus de 260 places. En parallèle, ils sont venus en renfort au sein des services de réanimation des établissements de santé publics. Bon nombre de professionnels de santé se sont portés volontaires et ont mis à disposition des équipements (respirateurs, médicaments). Le jeudi 14 mai 2020, M. le ministre a annoncé la mise en place d'une « prime qui va concerner tous les soignants hospitaliers du pays. Elle est proportionnelle au degré d'atteinte par le covid ». Il a également précisé que « tout le monde touchera une prime. Tous les salariés de l'hôpital sont concernés par la prime. Ça a été un effort collectif considérable de la part de tout le monde », laissant sous-entendre qu'il n'y aurait pas de distinction entre hôpitaux privés et publics. Cette prime sera de 500 à 1 500 euros « nets, sans impôts, sans charges ». Cependant, à ce jour, aucun élément de réponse précis sur le dispositif de primes des salariés du privé n'a été apporté. De plus, le décret n° 2020-568 relatif au versement d'une prime exceptionnelle aux agents des établissements publics de santé et à certains agents civils et militaires du ministère des armées et de l'Institution nationale des invalides dans le cadre de l'épidémie de covid-19 ne mentionne que le personnel des établissements publics. Les montants correspondant aux primes se situent pour l'hôpital public à plus de 900 millions d'euros, tandis que le montant à critères identiques correspond pour le privé à 135 millions d'euros. Mme la députée voudrait savoir pourquoi les établissements de santé privés ne sont pas clairement stipulés alors qu'ils se sont pleinement mobilisés dans la crise épidémique et sanitaire du covid-19. Il est indispensable de respecter une équité de traitement entre les différents professionnels, quels que soient leur statut et leur structure d'appartenance (hôpital privé ou public). C'est pourquoi elle souhaiterait obtenir des précisions sur le montant et le versement de cette prime pour les salariés des établissements de santé privés.
Mme Valérie Boyer attire l'attention de M. le ministre des solidarités et de la santé sur la validation du télésoin en orthoptie. En effet, depuis le début de la crise du covid-19, et malgré les nombreuses demandes du Syndicat national autonome des orthoptistes (SNAO), le télésoin n'a toujours pas été autorisé pour les orthoptistes. Pourtant, la crise actuelle a généré une profonde réadaptation de la pratique de bon nombre de professions notamment médicales dans le but de limiter la propagation du virus et de désengorger les cabinets médicaux. De nombreux médecins généralistes et spécialistes ont donc mis en place les téléconsultations et déployé le télésoin, en attendant de rouvrir leurs cabinets et de pouvoir accueillir leurs patients en toute sécurité. Le télésoin est encadré et organisé par l'article 53 de la loi n° 2019-774 du 24 juillet 2019 relative à l'organisation et à la transformation du système de santé. Cet article définit le télésoin comme « une forme de pratique de soins à distance utilisant les technologies de l'information et de la communication. Il met en rapport un patient avec un ou plusieurs pharmaciens ou auxiliaires médicaux dans l'exercice de leurs compétences prévues au présent code ». En vertu de l'arrêté du 11 mai 2020 complétant l'arrêté du 23 mars 2020 prescrivant les mesures d'organisation et de fonctionnement du système de santé nécessaires pour faire face à l'épidémie du covid-19 dans le cadre de l'état d'urgence sanitaire, des dérogations ont été prolongées jusqu'à la fin de l'état d'urgence. Plusieurs professions ont donc été autorisées à exercer à distance dans le cadre de la gestion de la crise du covid-19 et peuvent poursuivre ce mode de consultation et de suivi de leurs patients. C'est notamment le cas pour les médecins, les sages-femmes, les infirmiers diplômés d'État, les orthophonistes, les ergothérapeutes, les psychomotriciens et les masseurs-kinésithérapeutes. Les orthoptistes libéraux, qui ont majoritairement fermé leurs cabinets dès le 16 mars 2020 afin de limiter la propagation de l'épidémie et de protéger leurs patients, n'ont quant à eux toujours pas accès au télésoin. Pendant ce temps, leurs patients sont privés de soins. Malgré le déconfinement et la réouverture progressive des cabinets, de nombreux patients en orthoptie sont des patients chroniques ou en état de faiblesse et doivent rester vigilants. Le recours au télésoin en orthoptie pourrait donc permettre de consulter, rééduquer et conseiller le plus de patients possible tout en leur évitant de se déplacer physiquement et de s'exposer au virus. Le Syndicat national autonome des orthoptistes (SNAO) a ainsi déposé le dossier de télésoin en orthoptie auprès de la Caisse nationale d'assurance maladie (CNAM) et de la direction générale de l'offre de soins (DGOS) juste après les orthophonistes et en même temps que les masseurs-kinésithérapeutes, les ergothérapeutes et les psychomotriciens, qui ont obtenu la validation de télésoin. Pour rappel, l'article 13 du projet de loi d'organisation du système de santé du 13 février 2019 définissait « le télésoin comme pratique de soins à distance utilisant les technologies de l'information et de la communication qui met en rapport un patient avec un ou plusieurs pharmaciens ou auxiliaires médicaux, en complément de la télémédecine réservée aux professions médicales ». Ce même article mentionnait clairement l'orthoptie comme illustration du télésoin : « à titre d'illustration, peuvent être cités, notamment, l'accompagnement par les infirmiers des effets secondaires de chimiothérapies orales, ou encore les séances d'orthophonie et d'orthoptie à distance ». Aussi, elle l'interroge sur le retard de l'accès au télésoin pour les orthoptistes et leurs patients et voudrait savoir pour quelles raisons les demandes des orthoptistes n'aboutissent pas.
Mme Valérie Boyer attire l'attention de M. le ministre de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation sur les conséquences de la crise du coronavirus sur la filière équine française. La filière cheval en France est une composante essentielle du développement des territoires ruraux (tourisme, développement durable) mais s'est également érigée en filière d'excellence. Elle est non seulement créatrice d'emplois mais aussi source d'activités sportives (15 000 journées de compétitions organisées chaque année, 241 hippodromes en France, 18 000 courses par an), sociales (soutien aux personnes handicapées ou convalescentes) mais aussi culturelles (classée patrimoine culturel immatériel de l'humanité en 2011 par l'Unesco). La France compte au total 9 500 structures équestres et 625 000 licenciés (Fédération française d'équitation) pour un total de 1,5 million de pratiquants. Au total, en 2012, 180 000 actifs (dont 57 000 emplois exercés en activité principale) étaient en lien avec la filière (site du ministère de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation). Comme beaucoup de secteurs, la filière équine a été profondément affectée par la crise du covid-19. La crise sanitaire liée au covid-19 a engendré des pertes d'activités économiques pour tous les professionnels exerçant une activité liée directement ou indirectement aux chevaux (dirigeants de centres équestres, entraîneurs de chevaux de courses, cavaliers professionnels ou jockeys, professionnels de la traction animale, marchands d'équidés, acteurs des activités connexes...). Les évolutions des chiffres d'affaires 2019-2020 sont sans appel : - 47 % dans l'enseignement, - 39 % pour les pensions et fermes de tourisme, - 64 % pour les écuries d'entraînement de chevaux de trot, - 25 % pour les écuries d'entraînement de chevaux de galop, - 74 % pour les écuries d'entraînement de chevaux de sport, - 73 % pour les prestataire en bât, portage et traction et - 100 % pour l'export notamment (enquête covid 19 FCC, chiffres mai 2020 évalués). Dans sa loi de finances rectificative pour 2020, le Gouvernement a inscrit « un accompagnement financier de 19 millions d'euros des parcs zoologiques, cirques et refuges au titre de l'alimentation et des soins prodigués aux animaux ». L'aide destinée aux centres équestres recevant du public et aux poneys clubs qui connaissent des difficultés en raison du confinement a été intégrée à cette enveloppe. Cependant, les centres équestres ne représentent pas l'intégralité des activités de la filière équine en France. En parallèle, les mesures d'aides financières ont pu répondre aux besoins des structures qui ont pu mettre « tout ou une partie de leurs activités en sommeil », à celles qui ont développé « une activité non liée à la présence d'un public comme les pensions », à celles qui « ont des contrats liés à l'activité agricole » ou encore à celles qui « ont une activité saisonnière qui se déroule hors de la période de confinement ». Pour les autres entreprises de la filière équine, la mise en sommeil de leur activité a été impossible et a généré une continuité des coûts. C'est le cas pour les établissements équestres et cavaliers de chevaux de sport, les entraîneurs de chevaux de course, les prestataires de service de traction animale, les professionnels prestataires d'activités touristiques utilisant des équidés et les exportateurs d'équidés de sport notamment. Ces entreprises ont dû conserver leur personnel et assumer des coûts de fonctionnement constants pour leurs animaux (soins, alimentation, entretien, entraînement). Le Syndicat des entraîneurs, drivers et jockeys de trot (SEDJ), l'Association des entraîneurs de galop, l'Association des entraîneurs prioritaires (AEP), France énergie animale ont chiffré précisément les pertes dues au confinement pour la filière. D'après l'Institut français de cheval et d'équitation (IFCE), l'observatoire Equicer, les observatoires régionaux des conseils de chevaux et les données des maisons mères d'élevage, les pertes sont estimées à 52 millions d'euros (soit 25 612 485 euros par mois d'arrêt de l'activité). Les aides financières bienvenues mises en place par l'État (fonds de solidarité, chômage partiel, report des charges courantes, sociales et fiscales), apparaissent cependant à la fois insuffisantes pour compenser les dépenses liées à l'entretien des équidés mais aussi inadaptées puisqu'elles ne prennent pas en compte les spécificités de toutes les entreprises de la filière équine. Contactée par le président de la filière cheval sud Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Mme la députée s'inquiète du sort réservé aux différents professionnels de la filière équine française. C'est la raison pour laquelle il semble nécessaire d'accorder une enveloppe qui prendrait en compte les spécificités de l'ensemble des professionnels de la filière équine et que l'aide allouée soit à la hauteur des pertes subies par l'ensemble des acteurs. Aussi elle demande si le Gouvernement va engager un plan de sauvetage adapté aux besoins de la filière équine française afin d'épauler au mieux les professionnels de la filière après ces mois de confinement et de cessation d'activité.
Mme Valérie Boyer attire l'attention de M. le ministre de l'Europe et des affaires étrangères sur l'annulation de la dette des pays d'Afrique. Les dettes des pays africains culminent aujourd'hui à 365 milliards de dollars, un chiffre produit avant la crise du coronavirus. Parmi les principaux créanciers : la Chine, 40 % du montant total, les pays riches du Club de Paris, le FMI, la Banque mondiale, mais aussi de nombreux créanciers privés, entreprises ou gestionnaires de fonds. Pour « aider » les pays africains face à la pandémie du covid-19 et limiter les effets néfastes sur leur économie, le chef de l'État a appelé à « annuler massivement » la dette des pays d'Afrique. « Nous devons savoir aider nos voisins d'Afrique à lutter contre le virus plus efficacement, les aider aussi sur le plan économique en annulant massivement leur dette », a déclaré le Président de la République lundi 13 avril 2020. Le G20 s'est mis d'accord le 15 avril 2020 pour suspendre pendant un an la dette de 76 pays pauvres. Pour ces 76 pays, les remboursements cette année représentent 32 milliards de dollars : 12 milliards détenus par les États, 8 milliards par les créanciers privés - ceux-là seront gelés - et 12 milliards aux mains d'institution internationales, principalement la Banque mondiale, qui feront eux aussi l'objet d'un moratoire, si l'on en croit les déclarations d'intention du président de la Banque mondiale. Aussi, Mme la députée s'interroge sur la réciprocité de telles dispositions. Amnesty International a publié, le 8 avril 2020, son rapport annuel sur les droits humains en Afrique. Selon ce rapport intitulé « Les droits humains en Afrique, rétrospective 2019 » , le continent « est loin d'en avoir fini avec le cycle infernal des conflits armés et de la violence ». En 2019, « des conflits armés insolubles se poursuivaient et de nouvelles formes de violence commises par des acteurs non étatiques ont engendré des tueries, des actes de torture, des enlèvements, des violences sexuelles et des déplacements massifs, y compris des crimes de droit international, dans plusieurs pays d'Afrique subsaharienne », écrit l'ONG. En République démocratique du Congo, les violences ont ainsi fait plus de 2 000 morts civils et entraîné le déplacement forcé d'au moins un million de personnes en 2019. Une centaine de groupes armés sont actifs dans l'est du pays. Cette même année, au Sahel, les violences djihadistes, ont fait 4 000 morts (selon l'ONU) au Mali, au Niger et au Burkina Faso. Dans des pays comme le Cameroun, la Centrafrique, le Burkina Faso, des groupes armés s'en sont pris aux populations que les autorités n'ont pas protégées, affirme l'ONG. En Somalie, où les habitants sont les victimes d'attaques des groupes shebabs. Au Mozambique, les attaques, attribuées à un mystérieux groupe islamiste, se sont intensifiées depuis le début de l'année 2020. Des victimes d'un attentat à la voiture piégée, qui a fait des dizaines de morts, sont amenées à l'hôpital de Mogadiscio, capitale de la Somalie, le 28 décembre 2019. Dans certains cas, comme au Mali, les violences contre les civils peuvent être l'œuvre de « groupes d'autodéfense », créés apparemment par des communautés locales. En 2019, plusieurs centaines de personnes ont été tuées lors de massacres intercommunautaires. Les forces de sécurité maliennes sont accusées de commettre de multiples violations des droits de l'Homme, notamment des actes de torture. Au Darfour, des milices, accusées d'être alliées au pouvoir soudanais, « se sont livrées à des homicides illégaux, des violences sexuelles, un pillage systématique et des déplacements forcés », selon l'ONG. En Ethiopie, l'armée est accusée d'abus dans la répression des manifestations dans la région d'Oromia (ouest et sud). Des manifestations qui ont fait des dizaines de morts depuis 2019. Dans des régions du Cameroun, des groupes séparatistes armés continueraient à commettre des atrocités : homicides, mutilations, enlèvements... Ils auraient également détruit plusieurs centres de santé. L'armée a riposté par des exécutions extrajudiciaires et des incendies de logements. Des villages entiers auraient été brûlés par les forces de sécurité. Mais les pouvoirs ne se contentent pas de sévir contre les groupes armés. Amnesty a ainsi observé « une répression généralisée de la dissidence, qui s'est notamment traduite par la dispersion dans la violence de manifestations pacifiques et par des attaques contre les médias », les militants des droits de l'Homme et des opposants politiques. Ainsi, « dans plus de 20 pays, des personnes ont été privées du droit de manifester pacifiquement (...). Dans les deux tiers des pays étudiés, les gouvernements ont fortement restreint la liberté d'expression, certains d'entre eux s'en prenant tout particulièrement aux journalistes, aux personnes tenant un blog, aux organisations de la société civile et à l'opposition politique, notamment dans un contexte électoral. » Au Zimbabwe, au moins 22 militants et opposants ont été inculpés pour leur rôle présumé dans l'organisation de manifestations contre la hausse du prix des carburants décidée en janvier 2019. Les forces de sécurité s'étaient alors livrées à une violente répression, laquelle a fait au moins 15 morts et des dizaines de blessés. En Ouganda, les autorités ont recours à une loi sur l'utilisation abusive de l'informatique pour harceler, intimider et réprimer certains opposants. Une universitaire féministe a ainsi été emprisonnée pour cyberharcèlement après avoir critiqué le président sur Facebook . À Kampala, des moyens seraient utilisés pour empêcher les relations entre personnes du même sexe. En octobre 2019, les autorités entendaient renforcer les mesures, déjà très répressives, contre les relations homosexuelles jugées « contre-nature ». Nom du projet de loi : Kill the gays , (« Tuer les homosexuels »). Dans de trop nombreux pays africains, les femmes continuent de faire l'objet de discriminations, de violences, notamment des mutilations génitales et de mariages forcés. Selon l'OMS, en Afrique, 91,5 millions de femmes et de filles de plus de 9 ans vivent actuellement avec les conséquences de mutilations sexuelles féminines. Toujours en Afrique, on estime que 3 millions de filles par an risquent de subir ce type de mutilations. L'Unicef évalue à 12 millions le nombre de filles mariées pendant leur enfance chaque année dans le monde. Même si le phénomène a connu une baisse de 15 % lors de la dernière décennie, une sur cinq est encore mariée avant ses 18 ans. L'Afrique est aujourd'hui le continent le plus touché par cette problématique, avec 4 millions de mariages précoces en 2017. Il faut rappeler que la population de l'Afrique subsaharienne aura été multipliée par près de 5 fois entre 1960 et 2020, contre 2,7 fois pour l'ensemble de l'Asie et 3 fois pour l'Amérique latine. Elle a dépassé le milliard en 2017. Elle représente dorénavant 14 % de la population mondiale, contre 7 % en 1960. La France fait toujours face à un une crise migratoire. La primo-délivrance des titres de séjour progresserait de 6,8 % en 2019 par rapport à 2018, avec près de 276 600 titres de séjour délivrés. Cela représente une augmentation de 27 % entre 2015 et 2019. 400 000 à 500 000 étrangers seraient en situation irrégulière pour seulement 23 746 mesures d'éloignements, ce qui représente environ 5 % des personnes en situation irrégulière. Enfin il est important de rappeler les chiffres concernant la délivrance des laissez-passer consulaires (LPC,) qui constitue une étape indispensable, en dehors de l'Union européenne, pour aboutir à l'éloignement des étrangers en situation irrégulière. La délivrance des LPC dépend de la coopération des autorités du pays d'origine et on peut constater en la matière une grande hétérogénéité des pratiques. De trop nombreux pays africains ne coopèrent pas assez. En 2018 la Côte d'Ivoire a délivré 48 % de LCP, le Sénégal 48 %, le Soudan 69 % et enfin le Mali 76 %. La fraude à l'état civil dans certains pays africains a ainsi pris une ampleur toute particulière dans ce contexte d'émigration. La fraude aux actes de l'état civil se manifeste de plusieurs façons : il peut s'agir de faux actes fabriqués par des personnes ou des officines privées, ou d'actes délivrés par les autorités locales mais altérés par surcharge, rature, découpage et collage ; la fraude peut consister en la production de documents falsifiés ou frauduleux délivrés avec la complicité ou non des autorités locales, corrompues ou abusées. Ce sont alors de « vrais-faux », puisqu'ils remplissent les conditions de régularité formelle, même si les événements mentionnés sont faux. Beaucoup de ces actes, et notamment les jugements supplétifs ou rectificatifs, concernent des naissances ou des filiations fictives et des reconnaissances mensongères d'enfants. Les services consulaires sont sollicités soit pour transcription d'un acte étranger rattachant une personne à un parent de nationalité française, soit pour des visas au titre du regroupement familial. En outre, ils sont sollicités par les autorités administratives saisies d'une demande de carte d'identité, de passeport ou de certificat de nationalité, en vue de la vérification de la régularité de l'acte étranger produit à l'appui de la demande. Si la fraude au mariage touche essentiellement le Maghreb et la Turquie, la fraude à l'état civil se concentre aux Comores et en Afrique subsaharienne, où 30 000 actes de l'état civil sont vérifiés chaque année. Le taux d'actes faux ou frauduleux dépasse 90 % des actes présentés aux autorités consulaires françaises dans certains pays comme les Comores ou la République démocratique du Congo. C'est pourquoi Mme la députée aimerait savoir si l'annulation de la dette des pays africains sera soumise à des conditions de respect des droits de l'Homme, des droits de la femme, des droits de l'enfant et de lutte commune contre l'immigration irrégulière et la fraude à l'état civil. Elle souhaite également savoir si la dette des pays européens qui ne cesse de grimper - 100 % du PIB actuellement pour la France - sera également annulée et quel est le coût pour la France de la dette des pays pauvres, ainsi qu'avoir la liste de ces pays. Enfin elle aimerait connaître la position des autres pays européens sur l'annulation de la dette des pays africains et savoir si le Parlement français sera consulté.
Mme Valérie Boyer attire l'attention de M. le ministre de l'éducation nationale et de la jeunesse sur la situation de l'enseignement hors contrat et de ses élèves de terminale candidats au baccalauréat en 2020. Régulièrement inscrits aux épreuves du baccalauréat, ces élèves de l'enseignement privé hors contrat se voient exclus du dispositif général de contrôle continu, dont M. le ministre a présenté les grandes lignes lors d'une conférence de presse, le 3 avril 2020. Cette rupture d'égalité entre les candidats n'est pas justifiable. Les élèves issus d'établissements hors contrat doivent bénéficier des mêmes dispositions que les autres élèves et pouvoir accéder à une validation de leur année et à une obtention éventuelle du baccalauréat via la commission présentée par M. le ministre. Outre la mise en place de deux baccalauréats, l'un obtenu sur dossier en juillet 2020 et l'autre par examen classique en septembre 2020, rien ne démontre que les conditions seront réunies pour l'organisation d'examens en septembre 2020 eu égard aux inconnues liées à l'étendue de la pandémie. Enfin, le maintien d'un baccalauréat en septembre 2020 pour les élèves issus du hors contrat écarte ces élèves de l'accession aux écoles via la plateforme Parcoursup, ces écoles faisant leur choix prioritairement à travers la promotion de juillet, ce décalage et cette exclusion étant encore plus notoires en cas d'études à l'étranger. Elle lui demande de bien vouloir éclaircir ces points et en tout état de cause s'il envisage de ne prévoir qu'une seule session de baccalauréat pour tous en juillet 2020.
Mme Valérie Boyer interroge M. le ministre de l'intérieur sur la politique migratoire de la France en période de covid-19. La France fait toujours face à un une crise migratoire. La primo-délivrance des titres de séjour progresserait de 6,8 % en 2019 par rapport à 2018, avec près de 276 600 titres de séjour délivrés. Cela représente une augmentation de 27 % entre 2015 et 2019 et 1 230 827 titres de séjours en cinq ans. En 2019, 132 614 demandes d'asile (y compris mineurs accompagnants et réexamens) ont été introduites à l'Ofpra, soit 7,3 % de plus qu'en 2018 et une augmentation de près de 66 % par rapport à 2015. Les premiers pays de provenance des primo-demandeurs d'asile à l'OFPRA sont l'Afghanistan, la Guinée, la Géorgie, l'Albanie, et le Bangladesh. 400 000 à 500 000 étrangers seraient en situation irrégulière pour seulement 23 746 mesures d'éloignement ; 95 % restent sur le territoire français. Aussi, la pandémie du covid-19 a un impact important sur la politique migratoire de la France. Conséquence d'abord pour les étrangers qui vivent en France. Il est important de rappeler que les étrangers en situation régulière doivent faire chaque année renouveler leur titre de séjour pour continuer d'être en situation régulière. Dans un premier temps, au regard du fonctionnement dégradé lié au confinement, Mme la députée souhaite savoir ce qui a été décidé pour éviter que ces personnes se retrouve en situation irrégulière. L'autre sujet concerne les demandeurs d'asile qui se trouvent sur le territoire français. Sans départ, en cette période, des déboutés ou des réfugiés des centres d'accueil pour demandeurs d'asile (Cada), « le dispositif est plein à 97 % », a expliqué M. Didier Leschi, directeur de l'Office français de l'immigration et de l'intégration. Il précise qu'« on n'arrive à faire que 100 nouvelles orientations par jour au lieu de 200 habituellement ». Pour les personnes qui viennent d'obtenir un titre de séjour et de signer leur contrat d'intégration républicaine, la plupart des cours de français et des formations professionnelles prescrits sont interrompus. De plus, faute de personnel, les rendez-vous dans les préfectures pour pouvoir enregistrer une demande d'asile n'ont quasiment plus cours et les demandeurs se trouvent donc en situation irrégulière sur le sol français. En effet, sans hébergement, ces étrangers sont privés d'accès à la demande d'asile et seraient donc expulsables. Toutefois, avec la restriction des liaisons aériennes, ces reconduites à la frontière se sont depuis considérablement réduites et les centre de rétention administrative (CRA) ont été vidés. Le Défenseur des droits, M. Jacques Toubon, a réclamé samedi 18 avril 2020 la fermeture temporaire de tous les centres de rétention administrative. « Il existe aujourd'hui, dans l'ensemble des CRA français, un risque indéniable de contamination, tant pour les retenus que pour les personnels », a-t-il indiqué dans un communiqué. Dans une décision datée du 27 mars 2020, le Conseil d'État a ainsi relevé que dans l'ensemble des centres de rétention, qui comptent près de 1 900 places, le nombre d'étrangers « a diminué dans des proportions très importantes » pour atteindre 152 personnes le 26 mars 2020, du fait des libérations massives décidées par les juges. Aussi, elle souhaite savoir où se trouvent et ce que font ces personnes et ce que le Gouvernement envisage de faire pour ces étrangers en situation irrégulière qui sont aujourd'hui libres et sans hébergement.
Ms. Valérie Boyer draws the attention of the Secretary of State to the Minister of Solidarity and Health to the conditions of children and young adults in child welfare services (ASE) in France and particularly in Marseille. In total, 300,000 minors are supported by the ASE in France. Half of these children are followed by an educator while remaining with their families, the other half are placed with foster families. or in homes. But, with the current epidemic and health crisis, these services are suffering even more from the lack of resources and specialized personnel (educators, psychologists, etc.) that they normally deplore. Indeed, in certain departments, homes find themselves with 50% fewer staff. The lack of supervisory staff and the suppression of educational, sporting and cultural activities are deteriorating considerably the monitoring and support of placed children. At the same time, containment measures impact the functioning of the courts. Also, many magistrates have suspended the visiting and accommodation rights of these children with their parents. Slowness revealed by Marseille lawyer Maître Michel Amas who recently questioned the Minister of Justice. These decisions expose these children to almost total abandonment within institutions. It therefore seems essential to allow an early return of children to their families when they already have visitation and accommodation rights on weekends and school holidays, and therefore do not present imminent danger for them. In addition to this, the health crisis accentuates the difficulties encountered by young adults from ASE services. In fact, each year, several thousand children placed reach the age of majority. Due to a lack of resources and monitoring, many people find themselves overnight without resources or support, forced to live on the street. This is particularly what the president of ADEPAPE 13 (the departmental support association for people in child protection), Hamza Bensaten, reports. With the health crisis that France is going through, the unsanitary living conditions in which The lives of some of these young people expose them more to the epidemic. Observations which recall the failures of the State in supporting departmental child welfare services, which the associations are unable to compensate for. This is why the MP would like the Secretary of State to commit to providing greater support to the departmental child welfare services in order to enable better initially supporting young adults. Secondly, it recommends encouraging an early return of children to their families - when this is possible and does not pose a danger to them - during the duration of confinement. Especially since some of these children and their families are demanding an early return. She would like to know his position on the subject.
Ms. Valérie Boyer draws the attention of the Secretary of State to the Prime Minister, responsible for equality between women and men and the fight against discrimination, to the different forms of unions and relationships affected by domestic violence. In order to properly stem this phenomenon, it is essential to study the very different contexts in which this violence occurs. Since January 1 2019, 133 women died at the hands of their spouse or ex-spouse. Whether they are 20 years old or 80 years old, whether they are married, in a civil partnership, cohabiting, separated, mothers or even pregnant, all have been victims of domestic violence. And if domestic violence refers to violence within a couple, married couples are not the only ones affected by this scourge. This violence spares no couple. In fact, they can exercise regardless of marital status. Also, more than half of domestic violence takes place outside of marriage. Indeed, 47.7% of deaths are recorded among married couples and 22.1% among cohabiting couples. Also, in order to combat this violence, it is important to take into account not only all forms of violence (physical, psychological, economic) but also the numerous configurations which exist between individuals involved in the spiral of domestic or intra-family violence. We must not forget that violence also occurs once the relationship between an ex-spouse, common-law partner or partner has ended. The Hubertine-Auclert center thus recalls the need to prevent the continuation of domestic violence after separation, particularly in the context of co-parenting. In fact, domestic violence post-separation affects many women, and sometimes men, and separation is often an aggravating reason and favors the resumption or continuation of violence. The ENVEFF survey recalls that “among women who have had at least one couple relationship in the past and who have been in contact with their ex-partner over the last twelve months, 16.7% of them have suffered physical or sexual violence from him. Among women who had children with their ex-partner, 9 out of 10 had suffered verbal and/or physical attacks.” Domestic violence spares no couple and no sex. Also, it is important to remember that men, although they are affected in a lower proportion than women, are also affected by domestic violence. In 2018, 28 men died as a result of domestic violence, i.e. 1 man all the 17 days. Even if they are fewer in number than women, almost 70,000 of them are still victims of violence each year. Violence which is generally more difficult to identify and taboo. It seems essential to better understand the profile of couples facing domestic violence in order to be able to treat and prevent this violence within the different relationships and situations that may exist between them. two partners. This is why she would like the Government to present to Parliament a detailed study on the link uniting the accused to the abused spouse at the time of the events: stable or broken marriage, PACS, cohabitation, cronyism, flirting.
Ms. Valérie Boyer draws the attention of the Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs to the increase in church closures in Algeria. The NGO Open Doors recently warned about the current situation of Christians in Algeria. The country is in 22nd place in its global index of persecution of Christians for the year 2019, while it occupied 42nd place in 2018. A worrying persecution on the rise and which is mainly visible in private, family and ecclesial life. The Algerian government describes its population as “Algerian, Muslim and Arab”. Within its constitution, Islam is defined as the state religion (article 2). And if the constitution recognizes freedoms of conscience and opinion (article 36), freedoms of worship and religion are not mentioned. In addition, Ordinance No. 06-03 of February 28, 2006 sets the conditions and the rules for practicing religions other than Muslims. Through this order, the government limits freedom of expression and the conditions for exercising Christian worship (chapter II) and prohibits Muslims from leaving their initial religion for another (article 11), in this case Christianity. Also, apostates from Islam are the most persecuted, both by their own families and by society. However, Christianity although a minority, has been established in Algeria since the 2nd century. Today, there are approximately 125,000 Christians in Algeria, for a total population of 42 million, representing 0.3% of the Algerian population. The majority of Christians are affiliated with the Protestant Church of Algeria (EPA) and live in Kabylia. The EPA is a Protestant church in Algeria founded in 1974 following the union of several Reformed churches and present in Algeria. It claims 46 places of worship in more than 12 regions of the country and has around ten thousand followers. It has been recognized as a religious association since 1974 and by the government since 2011. However, it has to face unjustified relentlessness from the authorities but also “misinformation” and disinformation campaigns aimed at isolating and discrediting it. It is in this context that the situation of Christians has deteriorated over the past 5 years with recurrent church closures combined with community pressure for Christians or Muslims converting to Christianity. In recent months, Algeria has been affected by a new wave of administrative closures of churches under the pretext of security or health problems. Last week alone, three churches were closed by the authorities Algerian churches including the church of Makouda, the church of Tafat and the Full Gospel Church of Tizi-Ouzou, one of the largest in the country. In total, since 2018, no less than 12 churches have been closed. These closures echo a wave of administrative closures that began in November 2017 when 25 of the 45 EPA churches officially recognized in Algeria were concerned by the authorities. At the same time, many churches have received notifications of closures but have not yet been officially sealed, which suggests future closures. A relentlessness which seriously harms freedom of religion in the country. With these arbitrary closures, the Algerian authorities and government are sending very negative signals regarding the state of democracy and human rights in the country. Indeed, a good number of Christians find themselves prevented in the practice of their worship. However, according to the EPA, “the only reason given by the authorities to justify these abusive closures of its places of worship, namely “exercise of worship without authorization”, has no basis” (EPA press release of October 15, 2019). Indeed, the EPA has been legally constituted for 45 years, its approval is still valid and in compliance with legislative and regulatory texts. It is why she would like to obtain more information on these administrative closures in order to shed light on the degraded and worrying situation of Christians in Algeria. Added to these closures, pressure against political leaders - who are regularly summoned and condemned - and a refusal to recognize the EPA accused of propaganda and proselytism. Freedom of worship for Algerian Christians continues therefore to be threatened and mistreated. On October 17, 2019, 17 Christians were arrested following a sit-in organized in Béjaïa against these church closures. The video, widely relayed on social networks, attests to the violence faced by Christians in Algeria. Freedom of religion is essential to the proper functioning of democracy and respect for human rights, which is why she would like to know the Government position on these church closures. Given the special ties between France and Algeria, France cannot abandon people who wish to express their freedom of conscience, as is the case with Christians persecuted for their faith on the other side of the Mediterranean.
Ms. Valérie Boyer draws the attention of the Prime Minister to the difficulties that the departments are encountering in the face of the massive arrival of unaccompanied foreign minors in France in recent years. Indeed, the law of March 14, 2016 relating to child protection requires departments to welcome and accommodate unaccompanied minors (UMAs) in child welfare reception structures (ASE). The MP met the August 29, 2019 the deputy director general in charge of solidarity of the Bouches-du-Rhône department as well as the director of Children and Families as part of the budget report on immigration that she is writing within the Foreign Affairs Committee. Departmental services have reported their difficulties in meeting needs and fear that the situation will worsen due to lack of resources. According to the Assembly of Departments of France (ADF) 13,000 unaccompanied minors (UMAs) were welcomed in France in 2016. A year later, there were 25,000, that is to say almost double. In 2018, she estimates that there were nearly 42,000 unaccompanied minors in France. However, the exact number of MNA present on the national territory is not indicated in the activity report published by the national MNA mission in June 2019, which only speaks of “incoming flows ". It is therefore impossible to know precisely the number of unaccompanied minors currently entrusted to the departments, which are nevertheless legally and financially responsible for them. Faced with this massive flow of young migrants, the departments lack the means and support from the State to fulfill their missions. This is particularly the case of the Bouches-du-Rhône department, which is the second department to have to accommodate the most unaccompanied minors in France after the Nord department. During the summer of 2019, the flow of young migrants arriving in Marseille and presenting themselves as unaccompanied minors continued to increase while accommodation centers were saturated, experiencing an occupancy rate of 100% or more. On July 31, 2019, the Bouches-du-Rhône department crossed the symbolic threshold of 1,000 unaccompanied minors out of the more than 4,000 children cared for by the ASE. Thus, at In total, 25% of minors supported by the ASE in Bouches-du-Rhône are unaccompanied minors. This unprecedented situation leads to extreme tension in the accommodation system and generates additional costs that are very insufficiently compensated by the State. The exceptional participation of the State has in fact decreased. In 2018, the so-called “Cazeneuve” system set it at 12,000 euros per additional young person supported on 31 December 2017 (compared to December 31, 2016). In 2019, the interministerial decree of August 27, 2019 reduced it to 6,000 euros for 75% of additional young people taken into care on December 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017. With regard to the sheltering and evaluation of the minority of young people, the interministerial decree of July 18, 2019 establishes a new basis for compensation. As of January 1, 2019, the State will pay a fixed price of 500 euros per young person for the assessment and a financial contribution for emergency shelter for 23 days (in the amount of 90 euros per day for the first 14 days, then 20 euros between the 15th and 23rd day); a maximum amount of 1,940 euros, the amount previously in force was 1,250 euros. This increase in the State's contribution nevertheless remains marginal. In addition, the department deplores a high rate of “reorientations” of unaccompanied minors, set by the Ministry of Justice. This rate was 62% in 2018. This legacy of the “Taubira system” has the consequence of entrusting more and more young people to the Bouches-du-Rhône department. However, this system does not take into account existing accommodation structures. In addition to this, the choices of the Marseille children's court also penalize the department: children's judges, contacted directly by young people via lawyers, issue provisional placement orders for evaluation, which are not recorded by the Ministry of Justice, and are therefore not subject to reimbursement of part of the costs incurred for them. Thus, the departments continue to assume their obligations, namely the evaluation of the minority and the isolation of each of these young people, then the accommodation of young people entrusted to them by judicial decision. The national biometric file to assist in the assessment of minorities must, according to the provisions of Decree No. 2019-57 of January 30, 2019, help departments by ensuring that young people who present have not already been assessed as adults by another department, or that their identity has been established. This tool must be developed by all of the prefectures. Faced with these observations, the MP would like the State to regulate the migratory flow as best as possible and take its full share of responsibility in welcoming young migrants declaring themselves “unaccompanied minors”. Indeed, the child protection policy of the departments is diverted from its primary objective by welcoming these young economic migrants, whose needs are totally different from those of other minors entrusted to child welfare. Also, at a minimum, state services should take direct responsibility for the reception and assessment of young migrants, as the Prime Minister declared on October 20, 2017 during the congress of the Assembly of Departments of France. In addition, the State should provide material support to the departments with regard to accommodation. She then wishes to know her position on this subject.
Ms. Valérie Boyer draws the attention of the Minister of the Economy and Finance to the realization of the development of a protected geographical indication (PGI) for Marseille soap. It has been more than six years since the MP, elected for the 1st constituency of Bouches-du-Rhône, requested the establishment of IGPs. She drafted a bill (no. 684) in 2013 aimed at creating a system for recording indications geographical areas for industrial products. A proposal which was also included in the bill on consumption of March 18, 2014. This measure was born from the mobilization of elected officials and Marseille soap makers wishing to defend know-how, and an emblematic product: Marseille soap. It was intended to ensure legal protection for artisans but also to constitute a guarantee for consumers often deceived by an abundant and competitive market. In addition, the protection of the product should also be a guarantee of protection of numerous local jobs and part of our artisanal and industrial heritage. Indeed, Marseille soap is a product dear to the hearts of the people of Marseille and all of Provence because it constitutes part of its identity in France and abroad. Also, it deserves appropriate protection. Today, unfair competition from the soap and detergent industries is detrimental to traditional soap makers as well as to consumers who do not have adequate information regarding the soap they purchase under this name. Indeed, Marseille soap sees its name used by products that do not correspond to its composition and traditional manufacturing. These products, often in coming from abroad, sows confusion in the minds of consumers, especially since it is today very difficult to distinguish between original Marseille soap and industrial soaps. Some soaps can also be produced in France, and even in Provence, by companies importing soap granules manufactured abroad (most often in South-East Asia), and which simply transform them (addition of colorings, perfumes, chemical additives, etc.) and mold them here. These products are then labeled “Marseille soap” even though their manufacturing does not correspond to the technique followed for centuries. It is this same difference that exists between bakers who make their own bread and those who simply bake industrial dough. For Marseille soap, the geographical area must be limited to the Marseille region extended to the Bouches-du-Rhône department, which is its historic region. The absence of any legal protection over all these years largely explains the difficulties of the Marseille artisanal soap industry, which nevertheless constitutes an employment area in the region. The INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property) must today ensure that the “perimeter of the zone or place” makes it possible to guarantee that the product concerned actually has a quality and a reputation which can be attributed to the specific place associated with the geographical indication. In order to obtain the IGP, three associations (the Union of Marseille Soap Professionals (UPSM), the Association of Marseille Soap Manufacturers (AFSM) and the Marseille France Savon Association (ASDMF)) defend different visions and have submitted their file to the INPI. However, they are still waiting for him to speak out. The UPSM, which includes the Fer à Cheval, Le Sérail, du Midi and Marius Fabre soap factories, believes that a Marseille soap must be made using the traditional ancestral process, with vegetable raw materials and in Bouches-du-Rhône. AFSM is based on a slightly larger territory, Provence, with a vegetable-based Marseille soap and a manufacturing process that can be modern but “ecological”. Finally, the ASDMF wishes to have a name “Marseille soap” according to a manufacturing process and not according to a geographical area. The specifications to which producers must comply to obtain the IGP have existed since the Colbert edict of 1688 and define the conditions for manufacturing soap in Provence without any animal fat. However, it is essential to extend these criteria in order to protect against the numerous counterfeits that are flooding the market. Marseille soap is a recipe and a region, it is part of the Marseille and Provençal heritage. It is these essential criteria which characterize traditional Marseille soap. Also, it is important that the INPI can make a decision quickly in order to best protect this emblematic Marseille product, the industry and the consumer. She would therefore like know his intentions on this subject.
Ms. Valérie Boyer alerts Mr. the Prime Minister about the international conference for peace and solidarity organized in Paris on Tuesday, September 17, 2019. This Tuesday, September 17, an “international conference for peace and solidarity” will be held in the heart of the French capital, in Paris. This gathering is organized by the World Islamic League (LIM), a Saudi organization and by the Foundation of Islam of France (FIF). Friday the 13th September, the interim president of the French Council of Muslim Worship (CFCM), Dalil Boubakeur, rector of the Paris mosque, denounced “the instrumentalization of inter-religious dialogue in our country by foreign organizations” calling them “facts serious enough to denounce them”. The MP wants to salute the commitment of Ensaf Haidar, currently in France to denounce the holding of this conference. She is the wife Saudi blogger Raif Badawi sentenced to 10 years in prison and 1,000 lashes for blasphemy. According to the initial program, the Prime Minister was to participate with the President of the Republic. However, during the post-Great Debate press conference on April 25, 2019, the Head of State considered that “the Government would be intractable in the face of this communitarianism which has taken hold in certain quarters of the Republic and these people who, in the name of a religion, pursue a political project, that of a political Islam which wants to secede from our Republic.” The Prime Minister claims to fight against radical Islam, yet the World Islamic League is “the ideological armed arm” of Wahhabism and more particularly of the religious diplomacy of Saudi Arabia which aims to spread Salafist Wahhabism throughout the world. The MP specifies that her Secretary General, Mohammed Al-Issa, was Saudi Minister of Justice from 2009 to 2015. He imprisoned several dozen human rights activists. They are tortured or sentenced to death. Until recently, he supported an extrajudicial assassination perpetrated by the services of his monarch and accepted the practice of torture against young Saudi women and men. His organization also signed a partnership agreement with the Islamic Organization for Education, Science and Culture (ISESCO) which had launched a strategic project to prevent young Muslims from integrating into the West. Ghaleb Bencheikh, president of the Foundation for Islam in France, announced a change in the statutes to allow it to receive Saudi “petrodollars”. In the process, he would have brought together the council of administration and decided to modify the statutes of the FIF which, until then, prohibited foreign (extra-community) financing. She asks him why the Government did not oppose it. Why such silence from the Minister of Religion, Minister of the Interior? And how is such silence possible? How much do these donations amount to and what are the rewards? She wonders if holding such a conference would be a counterpart. Does this mean that, tomorrow, other associations will be able to be financed by foreign countries? The MP would like answers to these questions. Mr. Prime Minister claimed to make equality between men and women a great national cause yet she reminds him that Saudi women are not allowed to show their hair, nor to make the slightest eye contact with a representative of the male gender. Submissive to men, they are prohibited from leaving the home, and to avoid any temptation and any desire for independence, they cannot hold a bank account. It is the man who is responsible for the household, so it is up to him to manage the accounts. Because in Saudi Arabia, men not only have the status of head of the family, but they are also guardians for their wife, their sister or their daughter (even if the latter are major). Many French media speak of a “major step forward” in the country with the authorization given to women to drive, except that no one specifies that their legal guardian must still give authorization. In May 2018, just as women were allowed to drive, the kingdom launched a crackdown on women's rights activists. At least eight women, including Loujain al-Hathloul, 29, an activist, who photographed herself driving a car just before the law was adopted, and Aziza Al-Youssef, an academic in her sixties, were arrested for dissent, with pro-government newspapers calling them "traitors of the Nation" and accusing them of having "intent to undermine the security, stability and national unity of the kingdom." And how can we not talk about the death penalty for same-sex couples? Hakim El Karoui, one of those close to the President of the Republic, wrote in a 2018 note entitled “The Factory of Islamism”: “Saudi Arabia officially exports Wahhabism () through institutions that are theoretically autonomous, but which are in reality within the fold of Saudi state structures: The World Islamic League (WIL) serves as the central body. It is a diplomatic instrument of the Saudi royal family whose objective is to organize cooperation between Islamic states in different political, economic and cultural fields. Thus, Saudi Arabia's expansionist desire, supported by [oil] financing, reflects the pan-Islamist ideal of the Saudi government which seeks to have a monopoly on Islam, on discourse as well as on Muslims. THE Wahhabism as soft power is a diplomatic lever that allows Saudi Arabia to exert influence on the international scene. ". France is in a fool's game with Saudi Arabia which invites it to change its behavior but which, since 2014, has been waging a silent war in Yemen. Tomorrow, with the holding of such a conference, the Government once again remains silent, passive, complacent, even complicit in the face of an Islamic organization, the LIM, which embodies an Islam that is not compatible with the values of the Republic. She asks him if he will recall the preeminence of the laws of the Republic, enforceable against all, over any “divine” law, tradition or community custom; the right to change religion (in accordance with the Universal Declaration and the European Convention on Human Rights), or to have none; equality of women, including in matters of marriage, divorce, family life and inheritance; absolute equality between individuals, whatever their sexual orientation, origins or affiliations. France is not for sale! The Prime Minister speaks of an Islam in France but it is a political Islam in France and in Europe. Instead of forming a united front in the fight against radical Islamism and terrorism, he seems to prefer to increase withdrawal communitarianism, particularisms and political-religious quarrels. This inadequacy and inconsistency between his words and his actions raise the attention of the deputy. She regrets that no action or coordinated political will is put in place when it comes to Islam in France. She therefore asks him to ban this gathering.
Mrs Valérie Boyer questions the Minister of the Interior about the significant increase in knife attacks in France. This summer of 2019 was indeed marked by numerous attacks which nevertheless appeared most of the time in the “news stories” sections in the regional daily press and whose authors were very quickly categorized as “unbalanced”. However, given the alarming recurrence of these attacks throughout France in recent months, the MP would like to obtain quantified and detailed data on the attackers and the context of these attacks. On Friday September 6, 2019, two canteen workers were attacked by a 17-year-old young man in Marseille. This attack occurs precisely on the day of the tribute to young Timothy, who died a week earlier in the same circumstances, in his village in Savoie. The city remembers unfortunately still the tragic disappearance of the two young girls, Laura and Maurane, stabbed at Saint-Charles station in similar circumstances in 2017. Indeed, on Saturday August 31, 2019, a bloody knife attack occurred in Villeurbanne leaving one victim and several injured. One more attack which took the life of young Timothy, 19 years old. The profile of the attacker, an Afghan refugee with a more than dubious background for 10 years across Europe and with multiple identities, invites us to question the flaws in migration, but also security, policies in France for several years. Unfortunately, this summer of 2019 was marked by a series of attacks targeting innocent people throughout France. Indeed, earlier in the month, on Saturday August 10, 2019, it was the mayor of the town of Saint-Myon (Puy de Dôme) who was attacked by a man equipped with a butcher's knife. One of his deputies was also injured during the altercation. On August 20, a 20-year-old Guinean national, already known to the police, was arrested on a bus in Nantes while he was also equipped with a butcher's knife, after attacking a BAC police officer who he injured in the face. On the night of Wednesday July 17 to Thursday July 18, 2019, a woman was brutally attacked with a knife in Toulouse. A few days later, on the night of Friday July 19 to Saturday July 20, 2019, a plainclothes police officer was killed in front of a nightclub in Toulouse. Last June (Tuesday June 4, 2019), police officers were threatened by an individual armed with three knives in the 15th arrondissement of Paris near the Convention market, which was very busy at the time of the events. But how can we not also mention the 22-year-old Ivorian migrant who murdered the man who hosted him in Haute-Savoie in January 2019. In February 2019, the Marseille canebière was also deeply upset after the attack on several passers-by by an unbalanced person. The MP then met the mountain bike brigades and the BAC center of Marseille who had intervened on site at the time of the attack, to reward and congratulate them. If the prognosis The victims' vital life was not engaged, the emotion and trauma generated by this event brought back the urgency to contain these stabbing attacks as best as possible. During discussions with the police, she had confirmation that these knife attacks were far from being isolated acts in Marseille. Given the unbearable and growing number of these knife attacks, we should stop considering them as simple news items but recurring events that endanger national security. For all these reasons, the MP for Bouches-du-Rhône would like to obtain more information and analysis on these stabbing attacks and on the attackers in the form of detailed and precise mapping. It would seem that this mapping also needs to be expanded by adding the profile of the attackers (age, nationality, motives, judicial and psychological history) and victims (age, nationality, relationship with the attacker) in order to be able to establish an action plan and prevent these attacks from continuing and multiplying. The national representation must know precisely what the map of this violence is in order to learn from it. Finally, she would like to be able to compare these attacks with the attacks of previous years in order to to establish whether there is indeed an increase in this format of violence in France, and in what proportions.
Ms. Valérie Boyer questions the Minister of Solidarity and Health on the care of autism in France. Autistic disorders affect 650,000 people in France and constitute a major challenge for French society. Much progress has been made in recent years. Since 2005, the law has imposed compulsory schooling for autistic children. Additional resources have also been made available for taking in charge of these people. However, much remains to be done, particularly regarding the supply of reception places which is too insufficient. The PACA region is particularly under-resourced with adequate structures. The shortage of reception places for adults is problematic, because young adults are forced to stay in establishments reserved for children (IME), which prevents the arrival of new entrants. THE Aging of the population must also be taken into account, because the life expectancy of disabled people is almost equal to that of able-bodied people. Partnerships between local authorities and associations are also a major challenge in order to facilitate the opening of more reception places for autistic people. She asks him what new measures the Government intends to take to improve the situation people with disabilities in France.
Ms. Valérie Boyer draws the attention of the Minister of the Interior to the award of the MSI national police promotion “Aude Attacks 2018” for CRS No. 53 and No. 57. According to the interministerial delegation for victim assistance, the attacks on French soil between January 2000 and December 2018 are responsible for 259 deaths and 2,392 injured. Daily life is punctuated by these deadly attacks which have left a scar indelible in the heart of the country. Also, it is necessary to recall and congratulate the courage, strength, self-sacrifice and investment of the police, gendarmes and army corps who fight, day after day, Islamist terrorism. If France remains standing, it is thanks to these men and women who risk their lives for those of others. The MP wishes to return to the missions accomplished by the women and men of republican security companies n° 53 and n° 57 during the attacks in Trèbes and Carcassonne on March 23, 2018. The perpetrator of the attacks first robbed a motorist in Carcassonne, to steal his car. He opened fire, injuring the driver and killing the passenger. A few minutes later, on Avenue du Général Leclerc, four CRS from Marseille company no. 53 returning from a jogging were attacked and one of them was hit in the shoulder with two broken ribs and a punctured lung. The staff at the police station, as well as the people present in the premises of CRS No. 57, had set up a security perimeter around the victims and initiated the protection plan for the company barracks. They were quickly joined by the troops of CRS no. 53 stationed on site, then by those stationed in Montauban and the off-duty CRS of company no. 57 were mobilized. Until 2 p.m. that same day, the two CRS units were deployed on numerous tactical security measures: securing the red axis for the evacuation of the injured to the hospital, protecting the hospital, preserving traces and clues at the three crime scenes. A SPI4G section, equipped and trained to intervene in mass killings, remained in intervention reserve to ward off a over-attack. From 2 p.m. to 9 p.m., the missions were transformed into operational and logistical support for the specialized services arriving in the area (BRI, RAID, SDAT, PJ). The SPI4G intervention section and CRS 57 assisted RAID Toulouse during searches and arrests in the Ozanam and Laconte cities. The other sections of CRS 57 ensured the security of the RAID intervention zones on the various sites. The protection of the Carcassonne hospital and the victims was ensured by the CRS 53. Throughout the day of March 23, 2018, the CRS, administrative staff and civilians responded effectively to the numerous requests from the specialized services and the Paris anti-terrorism prosecution, installed in the secure enclosure of the unit. Finally, the two companies received numerous messages of thanks from the services external parties for their efficiency and availability during this terrible tragedy. Concerning CRS 57, 3 officers, 25 CRS on mission and one civilian were decorated with the MSI national police staple but did not have the honor of joining the “Aude Attacks 2018” promotion. For CRS 53, only the four direct victims of the attack are decorated with the MSI promotion “Attentat Aude 2018”. This is why she asks him to attribute this distinction to all the committed personnel of these two republican security companies, in the same way as the 700 decorated in this promotion. It is about continuing to tell all those who protect the lives of citizens that many French people know what they owe them.
Ms. Valérie Boyer alerts the Minister of the Economy and Finance about the tax and social abuse of craftsmen and building contractors. The Government first removed the reduced taxation applied to non-road diesel for reasons presented as environmental, even though there is no immediate alternative technical solution to allow companies to escape the surcharge. It should be remembered that the cost of the operation amounts to 800 million euros for the construction sector alone. Then, during the Prime Minister's general policy speech, the latter announced the end of the "specific standard deduction", which particularly worried the profession. It concerns the 10% reduction for professional expenses, which since 1931, in the construction industry, corresponds to the payment of employees' packed lunches and their mileage expenses. Also, removing this reduction not only means increasing the gross price and therefore excluding from the “Fillon” reductions a whole share of salaries between 1 and 1.6% SMIC, but above all, it also means reducing the net salary of workers. What the Prime Minister considers as a measure of “social justice” would in reality represent an average increase in costs of nearly 9 points for a third of construction workers, mainly worker wages. For example, an employee paid 1,650 euros net monthly would lose 200 euros over a year and the employer would see their charges increase by 1,700 euros on this same salary. The end of the specific standard deduction would represent an increase in costs for the construction industry of more than a billion euros. Between the increase in taxation on non-road diesel and the questioning of the standard deduction, craftsmen and Construction contractors would be required to pay a colossal bill of 1.8 billion euros from the year 2020. This sector is not able to absorb such an increase in charges. The current significant number of construction sites in large cities cannot hide the degraded profitability of construction companies, unfortunately confirmed by credit insurers, INSEE and the Bank of France. VSE-SMEs located in areas rural areas, already affected by the territorial divide, would be the most violently impacted by this decision. The MP recalls that the construction sector has created 50,000 jobs over the last two years and trains nearly 80,000 apprentices. To believe that we could continue on the same momentum over the coming months after such a tax drastic attack is completely illusory. According to these professionals, this could lead to the destruction of more than 30,000 jobs. So, she then asks him why the Government is considering making the same mistakes which, in the name of short-term budgetary decisions, have so often led to a slowdown in activity and job destruction.
Ms Valérie Boyer draws the attention of the Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs to the kidnappings of young Coptic Christians in Egypt. Everyone probably remembers the kidnapping of 276 high school girls from Chibok in Nigeria by Boko Haram in April 2014. These kidnappings were reported by the press, given the scale of the disappearances. But these techniques of terror and forced conversion are not the exclusive work of Boko Haram. This is why she is concerned about the lack of interest in young women kidnapped in Egypt in recent months. Indeed, Egyptian fundamentalists continue to terrorize Christians by committing attacks but also kidnapping young girls. These kidnappings appear to be the preferred method of conversion for extremist groups. If, with the re-election of President Al Sissi in March 2018, Egypt found at its head a strong personality who seems to want to fight against the Muslim Brotherhood, the situation of Christians has not improved despite a more flexible discourse. Although the government fights and muzzles Islamic extremism as much as possible, Christians, who are predominantly Copts, live in a climate of discrimination, harassment and various violence in all spheres of life. life. The 9.9 million Christians are struggling to have their right to believe recognized in a country with a total population of 99.4 million people, mainly Muslims. The precarious situation of Christians places the country in 16th place in the 2019 index established by the NGO Portes Ouvertes in terms of persecution of Christians. Young girls are the preferred target of Islamic extremists who wish to convert them everywhere the means: kidnappings, violence, forced marriages... In May 2018, eight Coptic Christian women were reportedly kidnapped. We should remember in particular Vivian Adel Youssef, an 18-year-old student kidnapped on May 2, 2018. Poorly reported on social networks and in the media, these kidnappings seem to continue since in February 2019 an 18-year-old young woman, Amira Ephraïm, was reportedly kidnapped in Luxor. Since then, the family has had no news and the MP is concerned about the lack of responsiveness of the international community. These kidnappings are sometimes carried out through smuggler networks linked to the police. Once kidnapped, the young women remain uncontactable: they literally disappear. If one of them, Mirna Malak Shenouda, 16 years old, was able to escape in 2018 and testify to the procedure and conditions of the kidnapping, the other young people women remain untraceable. Complaints from desperate parents would continue to be made without any effort being made to find these young women. This is why she calls him out on this method of religious purification against a backdrop of forced conversion, kidnappings and humiliation of the Christian community. How many more young women will have to disappear before we deign to care and worry about their fate and the situation of Coptic Christians in Egypt? Also, she asks him if he has any news of these missing young women and if other young women are added to this already long list. If so, she wants to know how many young women and men are in the hands of Egyptian fundamentalists and where they are. She would like the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to do everything in its power to help these families and young women caught in the spiral of Islamic extremism.
Ms. Valérie Boyer questions the Minister of Solidarity and Health on the consequences of opening medically assisted procreation to all women. The principle of dignity occupies an eminent place among the socially protected values and in the hierarchy of norms. Because if, as Immanuel Kant put it, “what has a price can just as easily be replaced by something else in an equivalent capacity; on the contrary, what is superior at all costs, that which admits of no equivalent, is that which has dignity.” It is up to the legislator to ensure that this principle is strictly respected, in the face of societal and medical developments, including when the temptation to deviate from it is driven by laudable intentions. This is the case when the conception of a child is in question. Some couples, who cannot have one on their own, either because of the woman's infertility preventing her from carrying the child, or because they are same-sex couples, take circuitous routes to achieve this. Without much surprise, the National Consultative Ethics Committee (CCNE) issued a favorable opinion on access to PMA for all women, as it had already done in July 2017. However, there is no consensus on the question of extending PMA. Indeed, as the recalls the CCNE, “in particular on the consequences for the child of an institutionalization of the absence of a father, therefore of the absence of the “masculine-feminine” otherness in the diversity of his psychological construction, but also on the possible increased risks of commodification of the human body. Indeed, this request for opening must be confronted with the current scarcity of gametes which risks causing an extension of deadlines waiting or a break in the principle of free donations. This could open up prospects for the commodification of human body products and call into question the French health system based on altruistic principles. These debates had also led and still lead today a minority of CCNE members to propose, within the framework of opinion 126, that in this area the status quo be maintained. The participants at the general meetings of bioethics also declared themselves very reserved on the extension of the PMA. More than 80% of participants in regional events were against it, and up to 89.7% of written contributions on the website. This opinion cannot obscure the dangerous consequences of such an expansion of PMA which consecrates a real right to the child and in particular leaves the field open to legalization of GPA. in the near future. This expanded PMA therefore poses numerous ethical difficulties that should not be ignored. It must be remembered that PMA is a set of medical techniques available to all couples suffering from a pathology of sterility or having a risk of transmitting a particularly serious disease. There is no discrimination with regard to PMA: all couples with a medical problem noted there have access. In this case, if single women or couples of women cannot have a child, it is not because of a medical problem. The desire to have a child would be an abuse: it would be a misuse of medicine for the benefit of societal demands. Its financing implies a major incompatibility with social security which bases its action on the principle of solidarity, on aid to the most vulnerable, not allowing the reimbursement of medical procedures only if they correspond to a case of illness. It is estimated today that the average cost of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in France is 4,100 euros, which includes treatments, egg retrieval, hospitalization, and the procedures themselves. It is on these rates that social security today reimburses those who are entitled to it. But it is important to specify that this amount does not takes into account neither work stoppages (three days minimum, five to seven most often), nor additional costs incurred during the process by the establishments (reception, organization, staff). According to health insurance figures, 288 million euros were spent in this way in 2014, the year when 102,601 attempts at artificial insemination, IVF or frozen embryo transfers were counted. Two years later, in 2016, the figure rose to 147,730. PMA used for purposes other than medicine would also open the way to a very lucrative business, such as with reproductive clinics in Spain, Belgium and elsewhere. The IVI clinic in Spain, for example, makes commercial offers in terms of medically assisted procreation. “With IVI Baby, you will have your baby at home within a maximum of 24 months,” can we read on their website, even establishing a “satisfied or refunded” principle. Is this what the French want in their society? Furthermore, in France, only a few hundred men (255 in 2015) undertake the process of donating gametes, in this case sperm, each year. However, despite this particularly low figure, the CCNE gives a favorable opinion on the extension of PMA to all women and also speaks in favor of lifting the anonymity of donors. In its practical application, the expansion of the PMA therefore suggests a possible shortage of sperm donations, with the temptation of remuneration of donors thus breaking with the principle of non-commodification of the human body. According to the Biomedicine Agency, there is currently a shortage of 300 sperm donations per year to be able to respond to all requests from couples infertile. Therefore, to have access to a donation, you must wait between 13 and 24 months. If the legislation changes, this risks lengthening waiting times. The CCNE places as a condition for the extension of the PMA the diffusion of “energetic campaigns, repeated over time”. What does this mean? That campaigns would suddenly become 10, 20, 30 times more effective? That we're going to put the pressure on until we get what the interested do not want to do? This is neither serious nor credible. So how do other countries do it, the few that have extended PMA to single women and couples of women? Unfortunately, the fact is that they do not escape the gamete trade. Indeed, either States have made gametes chargeable, like Spain and Denmark; or they buy abroad, in countries where the gametes are remunerated. In Belgium for example, in 90% of cases, the sperm come from Denmark. Great Britain thus publicly explained, on August 31, 2018, that if the Brexit agreements did not also include PMA, it would be faced with a shortage of gametes because it would not be able to continue to buy them from other countries. In passing, she clarified that she buys almost 50% of her sperm samples in Denmark. If the legislator makes this a reality, the current shortage could “get worse”, recognizes Jean-François Delfraissy, president of CCNE. Extending PMA means increasing the need for sperm supply, which leads, whether we like it or not, to the trade in gametes. However, the CCNE itself emphasizes that “once the principle of free access to gametes is broken, it is difficult to see what would prevent the same thing from being done for other products and elements of the human body, including organs ( ). There is, as the international market for blood and its derivatives, gametes, or surrogate mothers shows, an immense pool of people who, because of their economic difficulties, agree to sell the elements of their body. And to add that this point “can neither be dismissed nor minimized”. This point is fundamental and we must not be naive: if it extends PMA to women who are fertile but have therefore systematically need sperm supply, France will participate in the international gamete trade. And as the CCNE itself says, it will then be the other elements of the human body which will be concerned. It also seems inconsistent and contradictory to assert that we can establish on the one hand PMA for couples of women, and on the other hand continue to prohibit surrogacy (GPA) for couples of men wishing access fatherhood and who sometimes live with the same suffering. Why would we implement a right to a child for women, but not for men? Sooner or later, on the grounds of equality, GPA would also be legalized. Some retort that this has nothing to do with it because surrogacy is unacceptable because of the exploitation of women it involves. But we should no longer be naive: if we are ready to deny the fact that children need a father, tomorrow we will deny the fact that women are exploited within the framework of surrogacy. Like the journalist Marc-Olivier Fogiel, we will claim that “women find fulfillment by giving up their child”! This desire to have a child may be legitimate, but this expansion of PMA would be an immense anthropological leap. Thus, it is opening “Pandora’s box” of transhumanist logic: increasing the possibilities human rights through the use of all possible techniques under various pretexts (primacy of the right to the child, disease prevention, performance). More than ever, we must be extra vigilant in the face of the enlargement of the PMA, which suggests large-scale upheavals. If we draw this “red thread”, it is the ethical and solidarity values that we unravel to the point of compromising the French system of protection against unacceptable excesses. She wishes to obtain answers to all of these questions, particularly ethical ones.
Mrs. Valérie Boyer draws the attention of the Minister of the Armed Forces to the shooting of March 26, 1962, rue d'Isly during the events in Algeria. Between 1952 and 1962, 1,343,000 young people called up and recalled and more than 400,000 active military personnel crossed the Mediterranean to carry out their duty in the various theaters of operations in North Africa. The conflicts in North Africa have had a very heavy toll: more than 25,000 soldiers killed, more than 70,000 soldiers injured, around 400,000 civilian victims of African or European origin. These conflicts were also a tragedy for nearly a million European civilians, forced to abandon the land where they had often been established for several generations, as well as the "Harkis" delivered to an often tragic fate. Far too often minimized, this period of history must no longer be obscured. 57 years after the “accords” of Evian on March 18, 1962, the wounds of those who experienced the Algerian war are still open. Veterans, repatriates, “Harkis”, are forever marked by this war. It is also important to remember that these agreements did not mark the end of the massacres. On the contrary, the violence continued and even intensified after their signing. On March 23, the Bab-el-Oued district was sealed off and subjected to a inhumane search. Houses were machine-gunned, and a little girl was murdered while playing inside her parents' apartment. Women, children, old people lacked food and medicine. On March 26, three days after the start of this closure, the French of Algeria demonstrated peacefully in Algiers, tricolor flags in hand, to mark their attachment to these three French departments which had seen them born, to morally support the inhabitants of the Bab-El-Oued district and to bring them food and medicine. Nothing was done to prevent the Algerians from demonstrating. Prefect Vitalis-Cros did not believe it necessary to establish a curfew. Without warning, at 2:50 p.m., the troops of the 4th rifle regiment opened fire, attacking those who had thrown themselves to the ground to protect themselves. The official version will say that shots had been fired from a roof towards the soldiers. But instead of returning fire towards the roof where the alleged shooter should have been, they fired automatic weapons into the crowd, hitting demonstrators in the back who were vainly trying to escape. This one-sided shootout will last approximately 12 minutes. France had not respected the ceasefire. The official toll was 49 dead and more than 200 injured. All the victims were on the civilian side. Not one dead on the military side nor even one injured. Families could not bury their dead with dignity, religious funerals were prohibited. The bodies were taken directly to the cemeteries by military truck on the day and time chosen by the authorities. Such a law enforcement action, requiring substantial material and human resources, organized and coordinated, was entrusted by certain French officials to a unit unfit to maintain order. Is this a “blunder” attributable to a few soldiers or to the French Government? This is an event of exceptional gravity, the most violent state repression that a street demonstration has ever provoked in France since the Commune. For many years, the French authorities imposed silence on this dramatic page of the story. Thanks to the work of French researchers and historians (notably Jean-Jacques Jordi), the circumstances of the massacre perpetrated on March 26, 1962 are now known. In this regard, in order for all light to be shed on this event, free access to all archives must be fully guaranteed. It is now high time for the French state to definitively break with the silence and officially recognize the crimes committed on March 26, 1962 during this peaceful demonstration. This is the wish of the association of the families of the victims of March 26, 1962. 57 years after these events, there are still many members of the victims' families. They are now very old and have the right to the truth about this tragedy which haunted their lives. This contemptuous silence from the French authorities is eating away at them. It is time to know the whole truth and for all the archives to be open. Also, she would like to know the identities of the soldiers present on March 26, 1962, as well as their civil and military careers from that date.
Mrs. Valérie Boyer draws the attention of the Minister of Solidarity and Health to the opening of a lower-risk drug consumption room (SCMR) in Marseille. After Paris and Strasbourg, we learned from the press that a lower risk drug consumption room (SCMR) should open in Marseille in 2020. The purpose of this room is to welcome the most precarious drug addicts, in particular those who live on the streets and the surrounding car parks, to prevent them from giving themselves their injections in public spaces, in deplorable sanitary conditions. However, certain testimonies are circulating in the media. In certain cities, local residents, rightly or wrongly, speak of insecurity and delinquency which is only increasing. It seems that the future Marseille SCMR will be set up in the premises of the Conception hospital. This hospital 862 beds, with 3,142 people working there (medical and non-medical staff) is now very busy, particularly by pregnant women. In this context, particularly with already overwhelmed staff facing increasing insecurity, the MP wishes to know the measures that will be taken to guarantee the security of the hospital establishment and its surroundings. Unfortunately, without consultation with local residents and without prior information, it is normal that today the people of Marseillais express their concerns about this project. She wants to know if local information meetings will be organized to answer their questions. Finally, according to a report from the National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) these centers “have demonstrated their ability to ensure stable operation, guaranteeing good health and safety conditions for users and staff. The MP understands the arguments about health and public order but she considers that all the concessions that are made to the development of drugs are concessions whose consequences are disastrous. She asks him for his opinion on the subject.
Mrs. Valérie Boyer questions Mrs. Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice, on the protection of minor victims of rape. In France, according to the Ministry of Justice, 4 out of 10 cases of sexual violence are sexual assaults on minors. But it seems that reality is difficult to assess because not all victims are able to talk about it and file a complaint. In a report on the protection of minor victims of sexual offenses, published on behalf of the Senate Laws Committee, we can read the results of an INED survey of the population, carried out in 2015. The result was that nearly 40% of rapes or attempted rapes declared by women took place before the age of 15. For men, the rate rises to almost 60%. More specifically, a quarter of the women and a third of the men interviewed in this study explained that these The facts had started before the age of 11. More specifically, there are numerous peaks of sexual violence among children. It is estimated, according to data from the Ministry of the Interior, that the peak of sexual violence among girls is reached between the ages of 10 and 15. In boys, this peak is estimated at 6 years; it then decreases. In more than 87% of cases, the minor knew the accused. For 65% of rapes, there was a bond of friendship or acquaintance with the accused and for 22% of cases, a family or sentimental link. A report on the impact of sexual violence from childhood to adulthood from the traumatic memory and victimology association also points out that before the age of 6, this violence is inflicted by a family member in 70% of cases. The attackers are minors in 25% of cases, men in 96% of cases and a relative in 94% of cases. Several cases of “rape” against minors have particularly moved the French in recent years. In one case, the victim, aged just 11, became pregnant after having sex with a 22-year-old man she did not know. Prosecuted for rape of a minor under the age of 15, the accused was nevertheless acquitted on Tuesday November 7, 2017 by the jurors of the Assize Court of Seine-et-Marne. Indeed, in the motivations for the judgment, the court explains that none of the elements constituting rape, namely “threat, violence, coercion or surprise”, has been established and that a doubt exists as to whether the accused was aware of coercing the woman with whom he had a sexual relationship. The general public prosecutor's office of the Paris Court of Appeal, which appealed against this verdict, rightly considered that "up to the age of 15, a child must be preserved" and that “we cannot obtain sexual relations from him because his consent is not informed”. Friday March 15, 2019, the Le Mans criminal court rendered a judgment that was difficult for the French to understand. The latter sentenced a repeat offender grandfather who apparently committed rape on his 8-year-old granddaughter to only 8 months in prison, suspended for sexual assault. If rape is legally a crime that must be judged by the assize courts, it is more and more often the subject of judicial correctionalization, that is to say that the public prosecutor's office or the investigating judge pursues this offense under a criminal classification with the aim of bringing the case before a criminal court rather than before an assize court. This would concern 80% of rape cases. The unclogging of the courts, particularly the assize courts, must not not be to the detriment of the victims. Rape is a crime, it must be judged as such, especially when the victim is a minor. Sexual majority being set at fifteen years, it is appropriate to provide an irrefutable presumption of non-consent for minors under fifteen years of age. While the Government had considered this during the bill on the fight against sexual and gender-based violence, this measure was unfortunately been abandoned. Between 15 and 18 years old, we can consider that a minor may be able to voluntarily maintain a sexual relationship with an adult, but we must set a limit. Indeed, it is also appropriate to consider an irrebuttable presumption of non-consent for minors over the age of fifteen when the adult is a person having legal or de facto authority over them. This goes in the direction of Bills from the Member of Parliament of January 31, 2018 (No. 616) relating to the protection of rape victims and of March 27, 2019 (No. 1808) strengthening the protection of victims, the prevention and repression of physical and sexual violence, which she invites her to support. We must protect children. This is why we must not reverse the roles. The minor must be placed at the heart of the judicial system and given absolute priority of justice. This is essential both for young victims and for society as a whole. She questions him about his intentions on this subject.
Mrs. Valérie Boyer alerts the Minister of the Interior to the desecration of places of worship and cemeteries. No less than nine churches were targeted between January 28 and February 10, 2019 without it making the headlines for several days, the latest desecrations to date, February 9, 2019 at Notre-Dame de Dijon. On February 3, 2019, two churches were desecrated on the same day: in Lusignan and Talmont. In these two cases, the chalices containing the hosts - some of which were spilled - have disappeared. On February 5, 2019, the Notre-Dame-des-Enfants church in Nîmes suffered a similar fate with its broken tabernacle. On the walls of the place of worship, wafers and excrement were thrown. A cross was even drawn on the wall of the building with fecal matter. In cemeteries, desecration often consists of ransacking, breaking of burial, acts of vandalism targeting accessories, funerary plaques, inscriptions, breaking of emblems, destruction of plantations. Through these desecrations, Christian contempt hits the country, the French Republic and deep values. On February 12, 2019, the Ministry of the Interior presented an assessment of the year 2018 in terms of racist acts which only presents a few figures concerning the desecration of places of worship and of which no one knows the real origin. The latest “reliable” statistics come from a parliamentary report dated 2011 from the parliamentary study group on the policy of preventing and combating desecration in places of worship and cemeteries. According to statistics produced by representatives of the Ministry of the Interior for the year, 100 anti-Muslim acts were recorded in 2018, compared to 121 in 2017, 182 in 2016 and especially 429 in 2015, the year of the jihadist attacks on Charlie Hebdo and November 13. The number of anti-Semitic acts has also increased significantly. 541 acts targeting Jews were recorded last year (+ 74% compared to 2017), including 183 “actions” and 358 threats. The number of anti-Christian acts is also increasing in 2018, with 1,063 acts recorded, compared to 1,038 in 2017. According to statistics produced by representatives of the Ministry of the Interior for the year 2017, 978 desecrations were counted, compared to 621 in 2010. They were distributed as follows: 878 attacks on Christian buildings and graves (compared to 522 in 2010), an average of two per day; 72 attacks on Muslim sites (compared to 57 in 2010); 28 attacks on places of worship and Jewish graves. That it aims at places of worship or cemeteries, whatever the religion, desecration never constitutes and cannot be considered an ordinary offense. It represents an unspeakable act which, in the endless litany of news items, offers us the undoubtedly growing reflection of a growing distance with the founding features of our civilization: questioning nourished by the idea of transcendence; respect for dead and the aspiration of some of us for the immortality of the spirit despite the decline of the body. The history of the human species attests to this: there are indissoluble links between death and the search for the sacred and anthropologists generally consider that the appearance of true funerary rituals marks one of the decisive stages in the transition to civilization. The desecration of places of worship presents itself as a scourge persistent, the result of individual errors and, sometimes, a loss of collective points of reference. They raise a social question which can only sustainably find answers in the reaffirmation of principles of civilization and the protection of the integrity of places of worship and the residence of the deceased. Since 2008, however, we have witnessed an increase in acts of desecration. Let us remember that the vast majority of religious buildings in France is Catholic, i.e. 95% according to the Observatory of Religious Heritage (OPR). The Ministry of the Interior lists around 45,000, including 40,000 churches which belong to municipalities and 5,000 to dioceses. In addition, 87 cathedrals are state property. However, this census does not include places of worship within hospitals, prisons and schools. Therefore, it appears from the elements collected by the 2011 study group on the policy of preventing and combating desecration in places of worship and cemeteries, that the census of desecration is based on evaluation instruments and reports that are still very unsatisfactory because they do not allow an exact estimate of the seriousness of these acts. This situation is due, on the one hand, to the relative imprecision in this area of the statistical apparatus of the police and justice services. In In the current state, desecration does not appear, as such, in isolation, in the data collected for monitoring delinquency. It must be said that this notion covers very diverse facts and attacks. Let us remember, there are no official statistics allowing us to measure the extent of anti-Semitic, anti-Christian or anti-Muslim acts. The law in fact prohibits qualifying an attack according to the religious origin of the victim. When filing a complaint, only the racist or discriminatory nature of the offense is taken into account. The figures we have are provided by religious associations - such as the Jewish community protection service, dependent on the CRIF - then cross-checked by the services of the Ministry of the Interior. Apprehending desecrations at the judicial level thus proves problematic because on the other hand, such acts do not necessarily give rise to a report to the police and the courts. This is why it is legitimate to believe that anti-Christian acts would be more important than those which are officially recorded. Also, she wants to know what the Government intends to do to fight more effectively against these acts. She also recalls that to date no precise figures have been brought to her attention. awareness. In addition, she wants to know how the figures are established. Furthermore, a prefect specially responsible for coordinating the protection of places of a religious nature throughout the national territory was appointed by the Minister of the Interior on January 12, 2015. She asks the Government if a future appointment is planned.
Mrs. Valérie Boyer draws the attention of the Minister of Culture to respect for political pluralism in continuous news channels. Six hours and forty-five minutes in Grand-Bourgtheroulde, six hours and forty hours in Souillac, three hours in Bourg-de-Péage, seven hours at the Élysée with overseas elected officials, six hours in Evry-Courcouronnes, four and a half hours in Étang-sur-Arroux. Since January 16, 2019, news channels in continuous broadcast, at the same time, approximately thirty-four hours of public meetings hosted by the Head of State under the cover of the “great national debate”, without counting the broadcasts of excerpts a posteriori. This seems to be a first under the Fifth Republic, thus saturating the entire political and media space. While this “national debate” should be an opportunity for the executive to give the French a voice again, For almost three weeks now, French society has been witnessing what looks more like an electoral campaign rather than discussions with citizens. Indeed, these various public meetings are an opportunity for the President of the Republic to defend his policy, his project and his vision of France. According to the CSA “political pluralism is an important principle in our society. It is even one of the foundations of democracy. Ensuring respect for this pluralism is one of the missions of the CSA: it is a question of verifying that the words of each current are expressed in radio and television programs and, even more, during political and general information broadcasts. The Constitutional Council estimated in 1986 and then in 1989 that “respect for pluralism is one of the conditions of democracy” and that, more broadly, pluralism “constitutes the foundation of democracy. Since January 1, 2018, the executive power has been reserved access to the antenna corresponding to a third of the total intervention time. During this speaking time, the interventions of the President of the Republic, collaborators of the President of the Republic and members of the Government are counted. The rest of the total intervention time is distributed according to the principle of equity between the parties and political movements “which express the main orientations of national political life”. She wishes to obtain data on these speaking times since January 1, 2019 and to know whether the speaking time of the President of the Republic will be deducted from that of the Republic in Progress for the European election of May 26, 2019.
Ms. Valérie Boyer draws the attention of the Minister of the Armed Forces to the fate reserved by the Government and the majority to the bill from Mr. Gilles Lurton, MP for Ille-et-Vilaine, which the Les Républicains group had decided to include on the agenda of the National Assembly as part of its initiative day. This text, eagerly awaited by almost all veterans' associations, was rejected in session during its examination Thursday April 5, 2018 by the majority. It should be noted that all opposition groups supported this proposal. Only the groups of La République en Marche and Modem opposed it, while recognizing its necessity. The MP deeply regrets that the Government was unable to seize the opportunity given for a broad parliamentary consensus on the subject. Veterans deserve better than these political considerations, especially at a time when their younger brothers in arms are also fighting in various theaters around the world. As recalled by the author and rapporteur of the bill, Mr. Gilles Lurton, this measure consisting of granting the combatant's card to soldiers engaged in Algeria between July 2, 1962 and July 1, 1964 is a measure of justice towards those who remained present on Algerian soil after the Evian Accords. He recalled that more than 500 of them had died for France during this period. The objection made by the Government, that it takes time to assess the number of people affected by the granting of such a measure, is not acceptable given the already advanced age of potential beneficiaries. This is a measure of justice whose budgetary consequences are minimal. She wishes to recall her unwavering support for the cause of the fighting world. Veterans are firmly awaiting the decisions of the Government which has made a commitment to the national representation, which is why it would like to know what the Government intends to do.
Ms. Valérie Boyer draws the attention of the Minister of Culture to the inclusion of the know-how of Provençal santonniers in the UNESCO intangible cultural heritage of humanity. For several years, many French people have been rebelling against those who want to ban Christmas nativity scenes in public spaces. Recently, the Marseille administrative court ruled that the Provençal crèches at Salon town hall, Châteauneuf-les-Martigues, Carry-le-Rouet and Berre l'Étang were to remain there. Concerning the crèches installed in town halls in the 2nd and 3rd arrondissements and the 13th and 14th arrondissements of Marseille, it was decided to annul the decisions of elected officials who refused to dismantle the crèches in question. Called “Santuns” or “little saints” in Provençal, these figures appear after the French Revolution. The population, prohibited from frequenting churches, which had become state property, then felt the need to recreate the Christmas nativity scene. First made from bread crumbs or papier-mâché, the figurines were then made from cooked clay, starting in 1798. Gradually, the technique was refined. We paint them, we dress them. The range of figurines is expanding. In addition to the religious figures, there are village characters and old trades... Unfortunately, almost eight centuries later, a minority which claims to be “free-thinking” seeks to erase all traces of the country's roots, in the name of a certain conception of secularism. On July 11, 2006, France ratified the convention for the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage. In 2018, France has 17 elements listed as intangible cultural heritage, including the Aubusson tapestry, Alençon point lace and even the know-how linked to perfume in Pays-de-Grasse (the cultivation of perfume plants, knowledge of natural raw materials and their transformation, the art of composing perfume). According to UNESCO: “Cultural heritage does not stop at monuments and collections of objects. It also includes traditions or living expressions inherited from ancestors and transmitted to descendants, such as oral traditions, arts of spectacle, social practices, rituals and festive events, knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe or the knowledge and know-how necessary for traditional crafts. Although fragile, intangible cultural heritage is an important factor in maintaining cultural diversity in the face of increasing globalization. Having an idea of the intangible cultural heritage of different communities is useful to intercultural dialogue and encourages respect for other ways of life. To celebrate the regional tradition of Provençal nativity scenes, santon fairs take place every year on the Canebière, in Marseille, in Aix-en-Provence, in Aubagne and in many Provençal villages. Every year, the city of Arles hosts the international santonniers fair. In Fontaine-de-Vaucluse, at the museum of figurines and traditions of Provence, is exhibited the most beautiful public collection. These little earth characters belong to the history, to that of many families. From generation to generation, everyone has rewritten their history which, from the 13th century to the present day, associates Provence with legend. For some, the santon is a witness to Christianity. For others, it recounts the resistance of the people of Marseille to the bans on midnight masses during the revolution of 1789. It is appropriate to underline that at this moment in history when the country no longer knows who it is, where some want to make people hate what the French have been and even what they still are. Provençal nativity scenes belong to the identity, culture and history of many French families. The Provençal santonniers perpetuate as best they can this tradition so dear to the hearts of the French. It is part of cultural heritage. Therefore, she would like to know if France could consider asking UNESCO to include the know-how of Provençal santon makers in the intangible cultural heritage of humanity.
Mrs. Valérie Boyer questions Mrs. Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice, on the legal protection of adults. In 2005, legal protection for adults concerned 700,000 people. In 2016, there were 725,000, of which 483,000 were taken care of by professionals, the judicial agents for the protection of adults (MJPM). This phenomenon will increase significantly because it is likely that their number will double by 2040. While the Government should show particular attention to those who are the subject of a protection measure, we are witnessing a real decline in their status. Various collectives and associations make the following observation: despite certain existing texts (such as the charter for vulnerable people) adults protected by these associations apparently never receive their administrative letters and private information, including their bank statements. Furthermore, associative tutelary bodies are never controlled, unlike family guardians. The finance law for 2018 provides, from April 1, 2018, for the increase in the participation of adults in the cost of their protection measure, guardianship or curatorship, and above all for the elimination of the flat-rate reduction corresponding to the disabled adult allowance. So on the one hand, participation rates will be increased, and secondly, the deductible which benefited people with a level of resources higher than the amount of the disabled adult allowance (AAH) will be eliminated. The associations managing a judicial agent service for the protection of adults are alarmed by these new provisions, which are in contradiction with the announcements made during the conference on the protection of adults in fall 2017. The Government, which until recently showed its desire to actively fight against poverty, is in the process of considering for the first time the disabled adult allowance as a simple financial income to establish a new participation scale. It is not up to protected adults to contribute financially to the schemes from which they benefit, but to the State in accordance with the principle of national solidarity. The reform to come on the protection even of adults, is hardly more reassuring. Indeed, the desire to achieve a single protection measure raises fears of a weakening of the protection system which is based on several singular devices which each respond to very specific cases. A single measure would not necessarily make it possible to understand very diverse situations which are clearly distinguishable from each other. She risks therefore lead to stigmatization towards protected persons, leaving uncertainty surrounding their capacity and thus discouraging third parties. Finally, it would be envisaged that in the future, adults under guardianship will also be able to do without the authorization of the judge to marry, divorce or enter into a civil partnership. Given the risks of abuse of weakness affecting vulnerable people, the Member considers that the intervention of the judge remains essential. According to the Union of Magistrates (USM): this measure would be “dangerous in the interest of the protected person. There is a risk that one's credulity and one's kindness will be taken advantage of. There are people under protection who are regularly victims of abuse of weakness.” Consequently, in the face of these harmful reforms, she wants the protected adult to be at the heart of the system. So, she asks him to make her all the light on this subject.
Ms. Valérie Boyer draws the attention of the Minister of the Economy and Finance regarding the non-indexation of retirement pensions. While their CSG has already increased by 1.7%, retirees will suffer a further attack on their purchasing power with the non-indexation of pensions. Thus, the State hopes to achieve savings of 1.8 billion euros by once again relying on retirees. An increase in pensions of only 0.3 % even though the inflation forecast is set at 2.3% will result in a significant drop in the purchasing power of retirees who are already making significant efforts. It is not acceptable that the Government can continue to pit workers and retirees against each other, wrongly thinking that the latter can better support this drop in purchasing power. It is a misunderstanding of retirees and their needs to think that they are financially privileged. If 80% of retirees own their home, it is because they have worked and saved for many years to achieve this. The cost of health expenses for retirees must also be taken into consideration, as does the price of residence in EHPADs, which are often financed through the sale of their property. It seems inappropriate to continue to support this economic policy on those and those who have contributed all their lives to the national wealth. It is for this reason that she asks him to clarify the Government's position concerning the purchasing power of retirees which continues to be reduced.
Ms. Valérie Boyer draws the attention of the Minister of Solidarity and Health to the future of the home help profession. In France, in 2017, 3.6 million people employed more than 1.6 million employees from home. Being a home helper means taking care of the elderly, disabled, sick, injured or losing their independence. It means intervening on all levels, material, moral, social and health. But This profession has been in crisis for many years and is struggling to recruit despite a sharp increase in demand. Due to the organization of the activity, staff are mobilized over extended time slots, until 12 or 1 p.m., their interventions are often choppy, connected by numerous journeys, sometimes long and difficult, especially in the countryside. The division of tasks, permanent travel, fragmented schedules, often modified, cause pernicious fatigue and difficulties in reconciling professional and family life. Home help is a sector also affected by great insecurity with mostly part-time jobs. Currently the average salary is 972 euros gross for a full-time equivalent with 15 years of seniority. Present alongside our loved ones, home helpers carry out the essential tasks of daily. It is therefore necessary to upgrade their status and allow them to work in better conditions. Consequently, she asks what the Government plans to implement so that their work is rightly recognized.
Ms. Valérie Boyer questions the Minister of Solidarity and Health about the risk of autism in children if antidepressants are taken during pregnancy. In France there are between 300,000 and 500,000 people suffering from a pervasive developmental disorder, including 60,000 who are autistic. Furthermore, 8,000 autistic children are born each year, or 1 in 150 people according to INSERM. The use of antidepressants appears to be increasing 87% risk of autism according to Professor Anick Bérard of the University of Montreal and CHU Sainte-Justine. Indeed, taking these antidepressants would have an impact on the development of the fetal brain. A study was conducted at the University of Bristol in the United Kingdom taking 254,000 Swedes aged 4 to 17 years old. Among them, 3,300 have a mother who took antidepressants during pregnancy, and 4.1% have autism. However, these studies are contradicted. Indeed, the work of Doctor Simone Vigod of Women's College Hospital in Toronto demonstrates that taking antidepressants at the start of pregnancy does not increase the risk of autism, based on 36,000 births with a 5-year follow-up. In addition, American scientists from Massachusetts General Hospital note an increased increase in autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children born to mothers who took antidepressants only before pregnancy. As a result, she asks him what the reality of this information is and what restrictions can be placed on future mothers to prevent autism.
Ms. Valérie Boyer draws the attention of the Minister of the Economy and Finance to the situation of paid leave funds. These are necessary on a daily basis to make life easier for businesses and are omnipresent in the daily lives of citizens. In fact, they support nearly 250,000 companies and pay more than seven billion euros in benefits to nearly two million employees each year. Despite their of capital importance for social protection and more generally for the lives of the French, in 2015, the social security financing law took a measure which handicaps them. This measure provided for part of social security contributions to be paid in advance by paid leave funds. Definitively adopted in 2017, the reform actually contributes to weakening their cash reserves. So, it would not be far from 28% of the financial mass of paid leave funds which would be confiscated from them because of this. She would like to point out that these complementary funds carry out daily work of careful management of their assets in order to ensure services that meet the expectations of the French. However, to ensure their financing without using taxpayers' money, these organizations need to operate on the financial markets. Deprive them of liquidity means weakening their source of financing and risking that this will have an impact on the benefits paid to employees. Their work is exemplary and for it to continue to be so, we must avoid putting obstacles in their way again. She asks him if the Government is considering other measures which risk weakening the complementary funds.
Mme Valérie Boyer attire l'attention de M. le ministre de l'éducation nationale et de la jeunesse sur les conditions spécifiques de reprise prévues pour les accompagnants d'élèves en situation de handicap (AESH) le 11 mai 2020. Les AESH sont des agents contractuels de l'État, recrutés par contrat de droit public, chargés de favoriser l'autonomie des élèves en situation de handicap à l'école. Ils s'occupent d'enfants mais aussi d'adolescents en situation de handicap ou présentant des troubles de santé invalidants. À l'annonce de la reprise de l'école pour les élèves âgés de 3 à 12 ans, le mardi 28 avril 2020, le Premier ministre Édouard Philippe n'a cependant pas précisé les conditions de reprise pour les AESH. Aussi, Mme la députée regrette que le plan de déconfinement ne se préoccupe pas des AESH et ne les mentionne pas. À quelques jours de la rentrée, ils ne disposent toujours pas de consignes. Sans consignes précises, certains collectifs et syndicats soulèvent des inquiétudes compte tenu des difficultés concomitantes aux élèves dont ils s'occupent au quotidien. Comme l'a rappelé le Premier ministre, « les classes rouvriront dans des conditions sanitaires strictes : pas plus de 15 élèves par classe, une vie scolaire organisée autour du respect des gestes barrières, des mesures d'hygiène strictes, de la distribution de gel hydroalcoolique ». Malheureusement, le respect de ces gestes barrières paraît difficilement applicable aux très jeunes enfants mais aussi à certains enfants présentant des handicaps ou des troubles de la santé. En effet, l'accompagnement d'un élève en situation de handicap exige tout naturellement une proximité bien supérieure à la moyenne. Ces enfants ont des besoins décuplés, ce qui rend compliquée, voire impossible la distanciation avec leurs professeurs ou leurs accompagnants. De plus, elle pourrait profondément déstabiliser ces élèves. Il est indispensable de pouvoir assurer à la fois la protection des accompagnants mais aussi des élèves sans créer des situations anxiogènes pour ces enfants (port de masques, de gants, distanciation). C'est pourquoi elle souhaiterait savoir dans un premier temps si les AESH disposeront d'équipements suffisants pour reprendre leur activité afin de se protéger et de protéger les enfants dont ils s'occupent. Dans un deuxième temps, elle voudrait connaître les mesures spécifiques prévues pour les AESH afin d'optimiser la reprise de l'école le 11 mai 2020.
Mme Valérie Boyer attire l'attention de M. le ministre de l'intérieur sur la menace terroriste en France. Dimanche 2 février 2019, un individu de 20 ans, en liberté conditionnelle malgré sa condamnation pour treize infractions terroristes, a poignardé deux personnes dans une rue commerçante du quartier londonien de Streatham , avant d'être abattu par la police. Même si cette attaque ne s'est pas déroulée à l'intérieur des frontières françaises, elle doit alerter sur les terroristes qui reviennent en France et ceux qui seraient d'ores et déjà en liberté sur le territoire français. En effet, la menace d'un attentat commis par un terroriste sortant de prison est bien réelle. Il ne faut pas oublier qu'en 2016, c'est un condamné sous bracelet, ayant tenté plusieurs fois de rejoindre la Syrie, qui égorgeait le père Hamel à Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray. Dès cette année 2020, 43 terroristes, ayant purgé leur peine, vont sortir des prisons françaises. Plus d'une centaine de levées d'écrou seront prononcées dans les deux ans qui viennent. Par exemple, le 1er janvier 2020, Mohamed Achamlane a quitté sa cellule après 5 ans de prison. Pour mémoire, il est le fondateur du groupe islamiste Forsane Alizza, ayant écopé en 2015 de neuf ans de prison pour association de malfaiteurs et détention illégale d'armes. Le mercredi 29 février 2019, un présumé criminel de guerre syrien a été arrêté à Marseille alors qu'il vivait à Noailles (1er arrondissement), étudiait à la faculté d'Aix-en-Provence et était muni d'une carte Erasmus. Majdi Nema a été arrêté et mis en examen pour « crimes de guerre, tortures et disparitions forcées ». Mme la députée s'interroge sur la présence d'un criminel de guerre, djihadiste, inconnu des services de police et non fiché, au cœur de la cité phocéenne depuis trois mois. Pourtant, c'est dans ce contexte que la Commission nationale consultative des droits de l'Homme (CNCDH) a demandé à la France de faire revenir « sans tarder » les 11 ressortissants français condamnés à mort pour appartenance à l'état islamique. Il est très étonnant que la CNCDH, qui est une institution nationale de promotion et de protection des droits de l'Homme, ne prenne pas en considération le risque auquel sont exposés les Français dans le cas d'un retour de ces individus dont on ne peut pas évaluer ni mesurer le niveau de radicalisation. Ces barbares se vantent d'aimer la mort comme on aime la vie. Relâcher des individus qui ont trahi leurs peuples, allant parfois jusqu'à brûler leurs passeports français, sans instaurer ne serait-ce que des rétentions de sûreté, expose la population française à un véritable risque qu'il est impossible d'ignorer. C'est la raison pour laquelle Mme la députée souhaiterait que des mesures de protection, telles que la rétention de sûreté, soient mises en place afin de protéger les citoyens français. Aussi, elle aimerait savoir ce que qu'envisage le Gouvernement pour assurer la sécurité des Français.